Week 8

Programming using Microcontroller

OBJECTIVE: Design an experimental setup to measure distance and record temperature

with ultrasonic sensor and temperature sensor using Arduino.

APPARATUS:

S.No Name Range / Value Quantity

1 Arduino Uno R3 - 1
2 Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 1
3 Pulse Sensor HW-827 1
4 Proximity sensor LM393 1
5 Resistor any 2
5 Bread Board and connecting wires - 1 Set
7 USB Cable - 1
8 16x2 LCD Display - 1
9 I2C Converter - 1

BLOCK DIAGRAM of Arduino Uno R3:

 THEORY:

Arduino is an Embedded development platform that consists of both the hardware as well as
software parts. Like any other development board, the Arduino is also made of many basic
components. It's a PCB-mounted microcontroller that can be programmed and used for simple
daily tasks, mathematical computations, and prototyping and testing. Arduino UNO is a
microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which
6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. An Arduino development
board consists of the core microcontroller with its supplementary components and the
necessary circuitry to communicate with the PC which will be used for both communications
as well as programming the microcontroller. For communication or programming purposes,
USB to TTL converter will be used, which will be embedded within the Arduino board.
EXPERIMENT NO. 01
Design of Distance measurement system using Arduino
AIM: Design of experimental setup of ultrasonic distance sensor with Arduino Uno R3 to
measure distance of any arbitrary object placed in front of the sensor.

THEORY:
An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object using ultrasonic
sound waves. An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to send and receive ultrasonic pulses that
relay back information about an object’s proximity. High-frequency sound waves reflect from
boundaries to produce distinct echo patterns. Ultrasonic sensors work by sending out a sound
wave at a frequency above the range of human hearing. The transducer of the sensor acts as
a microphone to receive and send the ultrasonic sound.
The working principle of this module is simple. It sends an ultrasonic pulse out at 40kHz
which travels through the air and if there is an obstacle or object, it will bounce back to the
sensor. By calculating the travel time and the speed of sound, the distance can be calculated.

Fig 1: HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig 2: Ultrasonic distance sensor with Arduino Uno R3

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the GND and 5V from Arduino board to breadboard as shown in the figure.
2. Make the necessary connnections as shown in the figure.
3. Place the object in front of the sensor and measure the distance between them.
4. Take the readings and record the observations.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sl. No Calculated Distance Observed Distance Percentage Error

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

RESULT:
EXPERIMENT NO. 02
Design of Voltmeter using Arduino UNO and LCD display
AIM: Design of experimental setup of Voltmeter with Arduino Uno R3 to measure voltage
across a resistor or series of resistors.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig 4: Voltmeter using Arduino Uno R3

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the GND and 5V from Arduino board to breadboard as shown in the figure.
2. Make the necessary connections as shown in the figure.
3. Measure the temperature through the sensor.
4. Take the readings and record the observations.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sl. No Calculated Reading Observed Reading Percentage Error

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
 8
9
10

RESULT:

EXPERIMENT NO. 03
Design of Counter using Arduino UNO and LCD display
AIM: Design of experimental setup of counter with Arduino Uno R3 to count number of
times an object passes through the sensor.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig 4: Counter using Arduino Uno R3

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the GND and 5V from Arduino board to breadboard as shown in the figure.
2. Make the necessary connections as shown in the figure.
3. Measure the temperature through the sensor.
4. Take the readings and record the observations.

RESULT:
No. of counts observed :
EXPERIMENT NO. 04
Design of Heart Beat Monitoring System using Arduino UNO
AIM: Design of experimental setup of heartbeat monitoring system with Arduino Uno R3 to
measure BPM.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig 4: Counter using Arduino Uno R3

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the GND and 5V from Arduino board to breadboard as shown in the figure.
2. Make the necessary connections as shown in the figure.
3. Measure the temperature through the sensor.
4. Take the readings and record the observations.
OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sl. No Name of the person Observed Reading

1
2
3
4
5
RESULT:

***