VERB - (Action Word) NOUN - (Naming word)

A verb shows an action or state of being. A verb A noun is the name of a person, place, thing or idea.
shows what someone or something is doing. Examples of nouns: Daniel, London, table, dog,
Examples: go, speak, run, eat, play, live, walk, have, teacher, pen, city, happiness, hope
like, are, is
PRONOUN - (Replaces a Noun)
PREPOSITION - (Shows relationship)
A pronoun is used in place of a noun or noun
A preposition shows the relationship of a noun or
phrase to avoid repetition.
pronoun to another word. They can indicate time,
Examples of pronouns: I, you, we, they, he, she, it, me,
place, or relationship.
us, them, him, her, this, those
Examples: at, on, in, from, with, near, between etc.
ADVERB - (Describes a verb)
ADJECTIVE - (Describing word)
Adverbs are words phrase that modifies or
qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a An adjective describes, modifies or gives more
word group, expressing a relation of place, time, information about a noun or pronoun.
circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc. Examples: big, happy, green, young, fun, crazy, three
Examples: slowly, quietly, very, always, never etc.
CONJUNCTION - (Joining word)
INTERJECTION - (Expressive word) A conjunction joins two words, ideas, phrases or
An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses clauses together in a sentence and shows how they
a strong feeling or emotion. It is a short are connected.
exclamation. Examples: and, or, but, because, so, yet, unless, since,
Examples: Ouch! Wow! Great! Help! Oh! Hey! Hi! if.

Accept: to agree to receive or do Desert: a waterless, empty area

Except: not including Dessert: the sweet course of a meal
Advice: recommendations about what to do Elicit: to draw out a reply or reaction
Advise: to recommend something . by law or rules
Illicit: not allowed
Affect: to change or make a difference to Loose: to unfasten; to set free
Effect: a result; to bring about a result Lose: to be deprived of; to be unable to find
Appraise: to assess Meter: a measuring device
Apprise: to inform someone Metre: a metric unit; rhythm in verse
Assent: agreement, approval Practice: the use of an idea or method; the work as a
Ascent: the action of rising or climbing updoctor, dentist, etc
Complement: an addition that improves something
Practice: to do something repeatedly to gain skill; to
Compliment: to praise or express approval;doansomething regularly
admiring remark Principal: most important; the head of a school
Council: a group of people who manage orPrinciple:
advise a fundamental rule or belief
Counsel: advice; to advise Sight: the ability to see
Currant: a dried grape Site: a location
Current:happening now; a flow of water, air, or
Stationary: not moving
electricity Stationery: writing materials
Defuse: to make a situation less tense Storey: a level of a building
Diffuse: to spread over a wide area Story: a tale or account
 PERSONIFICATION: A figure of speech in ONOMATOPOEIA: The use of words that
which an inanimate object or abstraction is imitate the sounds associated with the objects or
endowed with human qualities or abilities. actions they refer to.
Example: That kitchen knife will take a bite out Example: The clap of thunder went bang and
of your hand if you don't handle it safely. scared my poor dog.
METAPHOR: An implied comparison IDIOM: An idiom is a common phrase with a
between two dissimilar things that have figurative meaning. Idioms are a group of words
something in common. in a fixed order that have
Example: "All the world's a stage." a particular meaning that is different from the
IMAGERY: Imagery, in any sort of writing, meanings of each word on its own.
refers to descriptive language that engages Example: There’s a supermarket and a pharmacy
the human senses. Imagery includes in the mall, so if we go there, we can kill two
language that appeals to all of the human birds with one stone.
senses, including sight, hearing, taste, touch, The idiom is a common way of saying that two
and smell.The types of imagery are: tasks can be completed in the same amount of
Visual imagery (sight),Auditory imagery time or same place.
(hearing),Olfactory imagery (smell), PROVERB: It is a short, commonplace saying
Gustatory imagery (taste),Tactile imagery that is universally understood in today’s language
(touch) and used to express general truths.
SIMILE: A stated comparison (usually formed Example: I know you think you’re going to sell all
with "like" or "as") between two fundamentally of those cookies, but don’t count your chickens
dissimilar things that have certain qualities in before they hatch!
common. HYPERBOLE: An extravagant statement; the
Example: Roberto was white as a sheet after he use of exaggerated terms for the purpose of
walked out of the horror movie. emphasis or heightened effect.
ALLITERATION: The repetition of an initial Example: I have a ton of things to do when I get
consonant sound. home.
Example: She sells seashells by the seashore.

1) Period [.]: The period is the most basic 6) Question Mark [?]: A question mark is used at
punctuation mark. Its function is to separate one the end of a sentence to indicate that a question is
sentence from another. It should be used at the end of being asked.
a complete sentence. Example: How are you going to solve the
Example: Paris is the capital of France. problem?
2) Comma [,]: The comma is usually used to 7) Exclamation Mark [!]: An exclamation mark
separate words, phrases, or part sentences. is used to make a sentence more emphatic. It can
Example: Sunny bought a t-shirt, a pair of jeans, and indicate warning, excitement, astonishment, or
a handbag. disgust.
3) Colon [:]: The function of the colon is to expand a Examples: Look out! , Oh, my God! , How
sentence and make it more elaborate. wonderful! Etc.
Example: There are many different types of fruits in
the basket: apples, pears, bananas, oranges, melons, 8) Dash [-]: A dash is used to denote a pause or a
and others. change of thought in a sentence.
4) Semi-Colon [;]: The semi-colon is used to Example: The performance was impressive – a
combine two closely related sentences into one really great show.
sentence when a period or a connecting word with a
comma seems inappropriate. 9) Hyphen [-]: The hyphen is used with prefixes
Example: I took the children to the zoo today; they and suffixes for many different purposes.
haven’t been there before. Examples: Re-enact, self-improvement, multi-
5) Apostrophe [‘]: The apostrophe is usually used purpose
with an “s” to denote possession. When a noun does
not end with the letter “s”, the apostrophe has to be 10) Parentheses [( )]: Parentheses are used to
followed by an “s” (‘s). For plural nouns or names provide explanation, comments, translation, or
that end with “s”, only the apostrophe has to be include dates.
added. Example: I went skydiving (which was my first
 PRESENT PAST FUTURE
S+do/does+v+o S+did+v+o S+will/shall+v+o
I study English. I studied English. I will study English.

SIMPLE
S+is/are/am+v+ing+o S+was/were+v+ing+o S+will/shall+be+v+ing+
I am studying English. I was studying English. o
I will be studying
CONTINUOUS English.
S+has/have+v3+o S+had+v3+o S+will/shall+have+v3+o
I have studied English. I had studied English. I will have studied
English.
PERFECT
S+has/have+been+v+i S+had+been+v+ing+o S+will/shall+have+been
PERFECT ng+o I had been studying +v+ing+o
CONTINUOUS I have been studying English I will have been
English studying English