1.

List introspection methods in detail

Ans :

2. Explain any four features of MySQL?

Ans :
1. Free to Download – MySQL is open-source and can be
downloaded for free.
2. High Performance – It works fast and handles large data
efficiently.
3. Flexibility – MySQL supports many applications and works well
with different platforms.
4. Productivity – Features like stored procedures and views help in
faster development.

3. What are the roles of server in PHP?

Ans : A server is important for running PHP-based web applications. Its
main roles include:
1. Running PHP Code – The server processes PHP scripts and
creates dynamic web pages.
2. Handling Client Requests – It receives requests from browsers
and sends back responses.
3. Connecting to Databases – The server interacts with databases
like MySQL to read or save data.
4. Managing Sessions and Cookies – It keeps track of users and
their preferences using sessions and cookies.
5. File Handling – It helps upload, read, and manage files needed
by the application.
6. Providing Security – It protects the application with
authentication, encryption, and access control.
7. Running Background Tasks – It can run scheduled tasks like
sending emails or generating reports.

4. Describe any four data types of MySQL with its size?

Ans :
5. Define the GET and POST methods
Ans : GET and POST Methods in PHP
1. GET Method:
 Sends data via the URL (visible in the address bar).
 Used for retrieving data (e.g., search queries).
 Limited data size (~2000 characters).
 Less secure as data is exposed in the URL.
2. POST Method:
 Sends data in the request body (not visible in the URL).
 Used for submitting forms, login credentials, and sensitive data.
 Allows larger data size.
 More secure than GET.
6. Difference between cookies and session.
Ans :

7. Define the uses of serialize () and unserialize().

Ans :

8. Write short note on interface with example.

Ans : An interface in PHP defines a set of methods that a class must
implement.

It does not contain any method body—only method names

(prototypes).

Interfaces are declared using the interface keyword and do not have
any variables.

 All methods in an interface are public and abstract by default.

A class uses the implements keyword to use an interface.

 PHP allows a class to implement multiple interfaces, supporting

multiple inheritance.
Example:
<?php
interface Animal {
public function makeSound();
}

class Dog implements Animal {

public function makeSound() {
echo "Woof!";
}
}

$dog = new Dog();

$dog->makeSound(); // Output: Woof!
?>

9. State the use of cloning of an object.

Ans : Cloning means making a copy of an object. It is useful when you
want to:
1. Make a Duplicate – Create a copy without changing the original.
2. Protect Original Data – Changes in the copy won’t affect the
original.
3. Save Time – No need to create a new object from the beginning.
4. Use in Design Patterns – Helpful when you need many copies of
the same object.

10. Explain introspection and serialization with example.

Ans :

11. Differentiate between Session & Cookies. (Any two points)

Ans :

12. List out the database operations.

Ans : Create, Read, Update, Delete, Alter, Truncate

13. Define MySQL.

Ans : MySQL is a popular open-source database system used to store
and manage data.
It supports standard SQL commands and works well with languages like
PHP, Java, and C++.
MySQL is known for being fast, reliable, and commonly used in web
applications.

14. How traits used in php? Explain with example.

Ans :
Traits in PHP:
 Traits allow code reuse across multiple independent classes.
 Unlike interfaces, traits can define actual method implementations.
 Traits support static methods and static properties.
 They help overcome PHP’s single inheritance limitation by enabling
multiple inheritance-like behavior.
Syntax:
class ClassName {
use TraitName;
// Class methods and properties
}
Example:
<?php
// Parent class A
class A {
public function disp1() {
echo "Parent-A <br>";
}
}

// Trait B (acts like another parent)

trait B {
public function disp2() {
echo "Parent-B <br>";
}
}

// Class C inherits A and uses Trait B

class C extends A {
use B;

public function disp3() {

echo "Child-C";
}
}

$obj = new C();

$obj->disp1(); // Output: Parent-A
$obj->disp2(); // Output: Parent-B
$obj->disp3(); // Output: Child-C
?>
Output:
Parent-A
Parent-B
Child-C

15. Write PHP script a form with 5 checkboxes (ex: programming

languages) and a submit button When selection of one/ more
checkboxes, list of selected checkboxes should be displayed
Ans :
Html : <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Programming Languages Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Select Your Favorite Programming Languages</h2>
<form method="POST" action="one.php">
<input type="checkbox" name="languages[]" value="Python">
Python <br>
<input type="checkbox" name="languages[]" value="Java"> Java
<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="languages[]" value="JavaScript">
JavaScript <br>
<input type="checkbox" name="languages[]" value="C++"> C++
<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="languages[]" value="PHP"> PHP
<br>
<br>
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Php : <?php
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
if (!empty($_POST['languages'])) {
echo "<h3>You have selected:</h3>";
echo "<ul>";
foreach ($_POST['languages'] as $language) {
echo "<li>" . $language . "</li>";
}
echo "</ul>";
} else {
echo "<p style='color: red;'>Please select at least one
language.</p>";
}
}
?>

16. Write PHP script to update record in table of MySQL database.

Ans : <?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "student";

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$id = 1;
$newName = "Rahul Sharma";
$newEmail = "[email protected]";
$newAge = 22;

$sql = "UPDATE student SET name='$newName', email='$newEmail',

age=$newAge WHERE id=$id";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {

echo "Record updated successfully!";
} else {
echo "Error updating record: " . $conn->error;
}

$conn->close();
?>

17. Write PHP script to delete record in table of MySQL database.

Ans : <?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "student";

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$id = 1;

$sql = "DELETE FROM student WHERE id=$id";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "Record deleted successfully!";
} else {
echo "Error deleting record: " . $conn->error;
}

$conn->close();
?>

18. Write a PHP program to demonstrate session management.

Ans :
Sessions store user data across multiple pages.
 session_start() initializes a session.
 Session variables are stored in $_SESSION.
 session_destroy() removes session data.
Step 1: Start and Set Session (session_start.php)
<?php
session_start(); // Start the session
$_SESSION["username"] = "JohnDoe"; // Set session variable
echo "Session started. Username is: " . $_SESSION["username"];
?>
Step 2: Access Session Data (session_get.php)
<?php
session_start(); // Start the session
if(isset($_SESSION["username"])) {
echo "Welcome, " . $_SESSION["username"];
} else {
echo "Session not set.";
}
?>
Step 3: Destroy Session (session_destroy.php)
<?php
session_start(); // Start the session
session_destroy(); // Destroy the session
echo "Session destroyed.";
?>
Output:
1. Run session_start.php → Session started. Username is: JohnDoe
2. Run session_get.php → Welcome, JohnDoe
3. Run session_destroy.php → Session destroyed.

19. Create Employee form like employee name, Address, Mobile

No., Post and Salary using different form input element and
display user inserted values in new PHP form.
Ans :
Html : <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Employee Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Employee Details Form</h2>
<form method="POST" action="one.php">
Employee Name: <input type="text" name="name" required>
<br><br>
Address: <textarea name="address" required></textarea>
<br><br>
Mobile No.: <input type="tel" name="mobile" required>
<br><br>
Post:
<select name="post">
<option value="Manager">Manager</option>
<option value="Engineer">Engineer</option>
<option value="Developer">Developer</option>
<option value="Analyst">Analyst</option>
</select> <br><br>
Salary: <input type="number" name="salary" required>
<br><br>
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Php : <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Employee Details</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Employee Details</h2>
<?php
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
echo "<strong>Employee Name:</strong> " .
$_POST["name"] . "<br>";
echo "<strong>Address:</strong> " . nl2br($_POST["address"])
. "<br>";
echo "<strong>Mobile No.:</strong> " . $_POST["mobile"] .
"<br>";
echo "<strong>Post:</strong> " . $_POST["post"] . "<br>";
echo "<strong>Salary:</strong> $" . $_POST["salary"] .
"<br>";
} else {
echo "No data received!";
}
?>
</body>
</html>

20. Write a program to connect PHP with MySQL.

Ans : <?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "student";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
} else {
echo "Connected successfully to MySQL database!";
}

$conn->close();
?>

21. Write PHP script to insert record in table of MySQL database.

Ans : <?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "student";

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$name = "Amit Kumar";

$email = "[email protected]";
$age = 21;
$sql = "INSERT INTO student (name, email, age) VALUES ('$name',
'$email', $age)";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "Record inserted successfully!";
} else {
echo "Error inserting record: " . $conn->error;
}

$conn->close();
?>

22. Write PHP script to select record in table of MySQL database.

Ans : <?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "student";

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$sql = "SELECT id, name, email, age FROM student";

$result = $conn->query($sql);

if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
echo "ID: " . $row["id"] . " - Name: " . $row["name"] . " - Email: " .
$row["email"] . " - Age: " . $row["age"] . "<br>";
}
} else {
echo "No records found.";
}

$conn->close();
?>