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TOP APPLICATIONS OF IOT

The ubiquity of the Internet of Things is a fact of life thanks to its adoption by a
wide range of industries. IoT’s versatility makes it an attractive option for so many
businesses, organizations, and government branches, that it doesn’t make sense to
ignore it. Let us learn about IoT applications across industries below:
1. IoT Applications in Agriculture
For indoor planting, IoT makes monitoring and management of micro-climate
conditions a reality, which in turn increases production. For outside planting,
devices using IoT technology can sense soil moisture and nutrients, in conjunction
with weather data, better control smart irrigation and fertilizer systems. If the
sprinkler systems dispense water only when needed, for example, this prevents
wasting a precious resource.
2. IoT Applications in Consumer Use
For the private citizen, IoT devices in the form of wearables and smart homes
make life easier. Wearables cover accessories such as Fitbit, smartphones, Apple
watches, health monitors, to name a few. These devices improve entertainment,
network connectivity, health, and fitness.
Smart homes take care of things like activating environmental controls so that your
house is at peak comfort when you come home. Dinner that requires either an oven
or a crockpot can be started remotely, so the food is ready when you arrive.
Security is made more accessible as well, with the consumer having the ability to
control appliances and lights remotely, as well as activating a smart lock to allow
the appropriate people to enter the house even if they don’t have a key.
3. IoT Applications in Healthcare
First and foremost, wearable IoT devices let hospitals monitor their patients’ health
at home, thereby reducing hospital stays while still providing up to the minute real-
time information that could save lives. In hospitals, smart beds keep the staff
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informed as to the availability, thereby cutting wait time for free space. Putting IoT
sensors on critical equipment means fewer breakdowns and increased reliability,
which can mean the difference between life and death.
Elderly care becomes significantly more comfortable with IoT. In addition to the
above-mentioned real-time home monitoring, sensors can also determine if a
patient has fallen or is suffering a heart attack.
4. IoT Applications in Insurance
Even the insurance industry can benefit from the IoT revolution. Insurance
companies can offer their policyholders discounts for IoT wearables such as Fitbit.
By employing fitness tracking, the insurer can offer customized policies and
encourage healthier habits, which in the long run, benefits everyone, insurer, and
customer alike.
5. IoT Applications in Manufacturing
The world of manufacturing and industrial automation is another big winner in the
IoT sweepstakes. RFID and GPS technology can help a manufacturer track a
product from its start on the factory floor to its placement in the destination store,
the whole supply chain from start to finish. These sensors can gather information
on travel time, product condition, and environmental conditions that the product
was subjected to.
Sensors attached to factory equipment can help identify bottlenecks in the
production line, thereby reducing lost time and waste. Other sensors mounted on
those same machines can also track the performance of the machine, predicting
when the unit will require maintenance, thereby preventing costly breakdowns.
6. IoT Applications in Retail
IoT technology has a lot to offer the world of retail. Online and in-store shopping
sales figures can control warehouse automation and robotics, information gleaned

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from IoT sensors. Much of this relies on RFIDs, which are already in heavy use
worldwide.
Mall locations are iffy things; business tends to fluctuate, and the advent of online
shopping has driven down the demand for brick and mortar establishments.
However, IoT can help analyze mall traffic so that stores located in malls can make
the necessary adjustments that enhance the customer’s shopping experience while
reducing overhead.
Speaking of customer engagement, IoT helps retailers target customers based on
past purchases. Equipped with the information provided through IoT, a retailer
could craft a personalized promotion for their loyal customers, thereby eliminating
the need for costly mass-marketing promotions that don’t stand as much of a
chance of success. Much of these promotions can be conducted through the
customers’ smartphones, especially if they have an app for the appropriate store.
7. IoT Applications in Transportation
By this time, most people have heard about the progress being made with self-
driving cars. But that’s just one bit of the vast potential in the field of
transportation. The GPS, which, if you think of it, is another example of IoT, is
being utilized to help transportation companies plot faster and more efficient routes
for trucks hauling freight, thereby speeding up delivery times.
There’s already significant progress made in navigation, once again alluding to a
phone or car’s GPS. But city planners can also use that data to help determine
traffic patterns, parking space demand, and road construction and maintenance.
There’s even a possibility that apps can be made that can prevent a car from
starting if the driver is inebriated!
8. IoT Applications in Utilities/Energy
IoT sensors can be employed to monitor environmental conditions such as
humidity, temperature, and lighting. The information provided by IoT sensors can
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aid in the creation of algorithms that regulate energy usage and make the
appropriate adjustments, eliminating the human equation (and let’s face it, who of
us hasn’t forgotten to switch off lights in a room or turn down the thermostat?).
With IoT-driven environmental control, businesses and private residences can
experience significant energy savings, which in the long run, benefits everyone,
including the environment!
On a larger scale, data gathered by the Internet of Things can be used to help run
municipal power grids more efficiently, analyzing factors such as usage. Also, the
sensors can help pinpoint outages faster, thereby increasing the response time of
repair crews and decreasing blackout times.
9. IoT Applications in Wearables
From medical to fitness to GPS tracking, wearables serve a wide range of
purposes. These IoT have more than doubled in the last three years.
The fitness bands monitor calorie expenditure, meters of distance covered,
heartbeats per minute, blood oxygen level, and more. These IoT mostly come in
the form of wristbands/watches. However, they can also appear as earbuds, clip-on
devices, or smart fabric.
Other wearables include virtual glasses and GPS tracking belts. These small and
energy-efficient devices equipped with sensors and software collect and organize
data about users. Top companies like Apple, Google, Fitbit, and Samsung, are
behind the introduction of the Internet of Things.
10. IoT Applications in Traffic Monitoring
A major contributor to the concept of smart cities, the Internet of Things is
beneficial in vehicular traffic management in large cities. Using mobile phones as
sensors to collect and share data from our vehicles via applications like Google
Maps or Waze is an example of using IoT. It informs about the traffic conditions of

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the different routes, estimated arrival time, and the distance from the destination
while contributing to traffic monitoring.
Traffic pattern analysis gives commuters a perfect idea of what might happen
during peak hours. Thus, they will be better prepared to avoid traffic by being
aware of possible alternatives.
11. IoT Applications in Fleet Management
The installation of IoT sensors in fleet vehicles has been a boon for geolocation,
performance analysis, fuel savings, telemetry control, pollution reduction, and
information to improve the driving of vehicles.
They help establish effective interconnectivity between the vehicles, managers, and
drivers. They assure that both drivers and owners know all details about vehicle
status, operation, and requirements. The introduction of maintenance alarms in
real-time help skip the dependence on the drivers for their detection.
12. IoT Applications in Hospitality
Interesting improvements to the service quality have found their way with the
application of the IoT to the hotel industry. The hassle-free automation of various
interactions, such as electronic keys sent directly to each guest's mobile devices,
has brought about a transformation. It provides easy check-out processes,
immediate information on the availability of rooms, and quicker assignment of
housekeeping tasks while disabling the operation of doors.
The guests' location, sending offers on activities of interest, the realization of
orders to the room, the automatic charge of accounts to the room, and more can
easily be handled via integrated applications using IoT technology.
13. IoT Applications in Smart Grid and Energy Saving
From intelligent energy meters to the installation of sensors at strategic places from
the production plants to the distribution points, IoT technology is behind better
monitoring and effective control of the electrical network.
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A smart grid is a holistic solution employing Information Technology to reduce

electricity waste and cost, improving electricity efficiency, economics, and
reliability.
The establishment of bidirectional communication between the end user and the
service provider allows substantial value to fault detection, decision making, and
repair thereof. It also helps users monitor their consumption patterns and adopt the
best ways to reduce energy expenditure.
INDUSTRY 4.0: WHAT IT MEANS FOR YOUR BUSINESS
Business benefits of Industry 4.0
Guide
Adoption of Industry 4.0 comes with a long list of benefits - including increases in
productivity and efficiency, greater profitability, business flexibility and enhanced
customer satisfaction.
Advantages of digital transformation
In simple terms, Industry 4.0 technologies enable you to get the information you
need to make the best decisions for your business. This allows you to optimise
your processes and deliver more products and services in less time and with less
resources.
In general, the common benefits of digital transformation include:
 cost savings
 increased outputs
 increased profitability
 reduced downtime
 better collaboration and knowledge sharing
 better talent acquisition
 increased competitiveness
Depending on their nature and purpose, digital technologies can also help:
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 reduce waste, errors, costly defects and delays

 increase speed of production
 improve product quality
 improve and accelerate decision-making
 enable real-time forecasting and monitoring
 increase innovation capacity
 make compliance with regulations easier
Benefits of digital technologies can also extend to improving:
 customer experience
 ability to anticipate market demands
 delivery and service performance
 supply chain relationships
 ability to mitigate risk and fraud
 organisational security
Cost and complexity of digital transformation
Implementing digital transformation often requires planning and businesses can
frequently experience challenges. These can include the up-front capital
investment, data security and skills gaps. For your initiative to succeed, it's
important to understand the common Industry 4.0 challenges and risks you may
encounter.
IMPACT OF INDUSTRY 4.0 ON GOVERNMENT AND PEOPLE

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TOP ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS AND SOFTWARE

AI tools are commonly used by organizations for a few primary reasons. One of
the biggest is intelligent automation, which reduces stress on company resources.
Others include business intelligence, the practice of deriving insights, natural
language processing, customer engagement, and visualization.
1. Salesforce Einstein
Salesforce Einstein is an AI platform that sorts customer data to derive and deliver
insights. It functions as an addition to Salesforce, an automated customer resource
management platform. While Salesforce collects customer data across various
verticals, Einstein investigates the data and provides knowledge that allows
companies to optimize operations.

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Einstein combines with the resource management of Salesforce to process data in

an efficient manner. The platform gives insights into customer behavior and
potential moves by processing the data collected by Salesforce.
2. Infosys Nia
Infosys Nia is a suite of solutions for common enterprise problems, such as
analyzing contracts and customer engagement. The basic function of Nia is to
automate complex operating procedures and optimize the data workflow of
companies. This AI platform effectively performs both data collection and
analysis, freeing up company resources to focus on mission-critical tasks.
3. Symantec
Targeted Attack Analytics (TAA)Symantec TAA is a cybersecurity-focused AI
solution. It utilizes machine learning to identify malicious cyberattacks, also
known as targeted attacks. Targeted attacks are long-term cybersecurity attacks
that are explicitly created for a certain company, making them unique and
unidentifiable by normal means. By using machine learning, TAA protects
companies from these dangerous attacks by reducing the time required to discover
them.
4. Periscope Data
Periscope is a data visualization and business intelligence platform that makes it
easier for companies to view their data. Periscope utilizes artificial intelligence to
collect and analyze data from multiple sources. The user can then choose from a
group of charts and visualizations to see the collected data and derived insights. By
doing so, the product offers companies an end-to-end solution for visualizing data
to derive insights from it.
5. Outmatch
Outmatch is an end-to-end talent acquisition and management product that utilizes
AI to manage talent. The product uses AI to speed up the hiring processes and
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retain employees in a way that is conducive toward better performance. It takes

companies from the talent assessment phase to the leadership development phase.
It features automated reference checking, analytics for work culture, and
assessment of prospective candidates.
6. Wipro Holmes
Wipro Holmes manages various aspects of a company’s infrastructure and
customer management needs. It provides services, such as automated service
request fulfillment, infrastructure automation-as-a-service, enterprise diagnosis
solutions, and contract intelligence. Holmes allows companies to bring AI to many
of their mainstay operations, thus improving the bottom line while optimizing
existing procedures.
7. Rainbird
Rainbird utilizes AI to help companies make informed business decisions. The
platform analyzes key business decisions and learns from them by taking variables
into consideration. This allows the software to replicate various decision-making
practices in a cost-effective manner, even when the circumstances are uncertain.
Moreover, the tool places a great emphasis on being explainable, thus providing a
rationale for every decision it takes.

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WHAT IS BIG DATA?

As the name suggests, big data simply refers to extremely large data sets. This size,
combined with the complexity and evolving nature of these data sets, has enabled
them to surpass the capabilities of traditional data management tools. This
way, data warehouses and data lakes have emerged as the go-to solutions to handle
big data, far surpassing the power of traditional databases.
Some data sets that we can consider truly big data include:
 Stock market data
 Social media
 Sporting events and games
 Scientific and research data
TYPES OF BIG DATA
 Structured data. Any data set that adheres to a specific structure can be called
structured data. These structured data sets can be processed relatively easily
compared to other data types as users can exactly identify the structure of the
data. A good example for structured data will be a distributed RDBMS which
contains data in organized table structures.

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 Semi-structured data. This type of data does not adhere to a specific structure
yet retains some kind of observable structure such as a grouping or an
organized hierarchy. Some examples of semi-structured data will be markup
languages (XML), web pages, emails, etc.
 Unstructured data. This type of data consists of data that does not adhere to a
schema or a preset structure. It is the most common type of data when dealing
with big data—things like text, pictures, video, and audio all come up under
this type.

BIG DATA SYSTEMS & TOOLS

When it comes to managing big data, many solutions are available to store and
process the data sets. Cloud providers like AWS, Azure, and GCP offer their own
data warehousing and data lake implementations, such as:
 AWS Redshift
 GCP BigQuery

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 Azure SQL Data Warehouse

 Azure Synapse Analytics
 Azure Data Lake
Apart from that, there are specialized providers such as Snowflake, Databriks, and
even open-source solutions like Apache Hadoop, Apache Storm, Openrefine, etc.,
that provide robust Big Data solutions on any kind of hardware, including
commodity hardware.
WHAT IS DATA ANALYTICS?
Data Analytics is the process of analyzing data in order to extract meaningful data
from a given data set. These analytics techniques and methods are carried out on
big data in most cases, though they certainly can be applied to any data set.

The primary goal of data analytics is to help individuals or organizations to make

informed decisions based on patterns, behaviors, trends, preferences, or any type of
meaningful data extracted from a collection of data.
For example, businesses can use analytics to identify their customer preferences,
purchase habits, and market trends and then create strategies to address them and
handle evolving market conditions. In a scientific sense, a medical research
organization can collect data from medical trials and evaluate the effectiveness of
drugs or treatments accurately by analyzing those research data.
Combining these analytics with data visualization techniques will help you get a
clearer picture of the underlying data and present them more flexibly and
purposefully.
TYPES OF ANALYTICS
While there are multiple analytics methods and techniques for data analytics, there
are four types that apply to any data set.

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 Descriptive. This refers to understanding what has happened in the data set.
As the starting point in any analytics process, the descriptive analysis will help
users understand what has happened in the past.
 Diagnostic. The next step of descriptive is diagnostic, which will consider the
descriptive analysis and build on top of it to understand why something
happened. It allows users to gain knowledge on the exact information of root
causes of past events, patterns, etc.
 Predictive. As the name suggests, predictive analytics will predict what will
happen in the future. This will combine data from descriptive and diagnostic
analytics and use ML and AI techniques to predict future trends, patterns,
problems, etc.
 Prescriptive. Prescriptive analytics takes predictions from predictive analytics
and takes it a step further by exploring how the predictions will happen. This
can be considered the most important type of analytics as it allows users to
understand future events and tailor strategies to handle any predictions
effectively.
Accuracy of data analytics
The most important thing to remember is that the accuracy of the analytics is based
on the underlying data set. If there are inconsistencies or errors in the dataset, it
will result in inefficiencies or outright incorrect analytics.
Any good analytical method will consider external factors like data purity, bias,
and variance in the analytical methods. Normalization, purifying, and transforming
raw data can significantly help in this aspect.
Data analytics tools & technologies
There are both open source and commercial products for data analytics. They will
range from simple analytics tools such as Microsoft Excel’s Analysis ToolPak that

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comes with Microsoft Office to SAP BusinessObjects suite and open source tools
such as Apache Spark.
When considering cloud providers, Azure is known as the best platform for data
analytics needs. It provides a complete toolset to cater to any need with its Azure
Synapse Analytics suite, Apache Spark-based Databricks, HDInsights, Machine
Learning, etc.
AWS and GCP also provide tools such as Amazon QuickSight, Amazon Kinesis,
GCP Stream Analytics to cater to analytics needs.
Additionally, specialized BI tools provide powerful analytics functionality with
relatively simple configurations. Examples here include Microsoft PowerBI, SAS
Business Intelligence, and Periscope Data Even programming languages like
Python or R can be used to create custom analytics scripts and visualizations for
more targeted and advanced analytics needs.
Finally, ML algorithms like TensorFlow and scikit-learn can be considered part of
the data analytics toolbox—they are popular tools to use in the analytics process.
What is data science?
Now we have a clear understanding of big data and data analytics. So—what
exactly is data science?
Unlike the first two, data science cannot be limited to a single function or field.
Data science is a multidisciplinary approach that extracts information from data by
combining:
 Scientific methods
 Maths and statistics
 Programming
 Advanced analytics
 ML and AI
 Deep learning
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In data analytics, the primary focus is to gain meaningful insights from the
underlying data. The scope of Data Science far exceeds this purpose—data science
will deal with everything, from analyzing complex data, creating new analytics
algorithms and tools for data processing and purification, and even building
powerful, useful visualizations.
Data science tools & technologies
This includes programming languages like R, Python, Julia, which can be used to
create new algorithms, ML models, AI processes for big data platforms like
Apache Spark and Apache Hadoop.
Data processing and purification tools such as Winpure, Data Ladder, and data
visualization tools such as Microsoft Power Platform, Google Data Studio, Tableau
to visualization frameworks like matplotlib and ploty can also be considered as
data science tools.
As data science covers everything related to data, any tool or technology that is
used in Big Data and Data Analytics can somehow be utilized in the Data Science
process.
Data is the future
Ultimately, big data, data analytics, and data science all help individuals and
organizations tackle enormous data sets and extract valuable information out of
them. As the importance of data grows exponentially, they will become essential
components in the technological landscape.
WHAT IS VIRTUAL REALITY?

 VR enhances the user experience to the next level via VR headsets or other VR
devices like Oculus quest 2, Hp reverb G2, etc.
 VR is a self-controlled environment where the user can control the simulated
environment via a system.

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 VR enhances a fictional environment by using sensors, displays, and other

features like motion tracking, Movement tracking, etc.
Types of Virtual Reality
Virtual reality has evolved into several types, each with its own unique features
and applications. The following are some of the most innovative types of virtual
reality that have a significant impact on the present and will shape the future:
 Non-Immersive Virtual Reality
Non-immersive virtual reality is a computer-based virtual experience in which you
can control some characters or activities within the software. Still, the environment
does not interact with you directly. Aside from desktop computers, you may also
locate a powerful laptop for virtual machines and on-the-go work. Because
customers value mobility more and more, manufacturers design powerful systems
in small packages.
For example, when you play video games like World of Warcraft, you may control
characters within the game with their own movements and qualities. Technically,
you interact with a virtual environment but are not the game's focus. All actions or
features interact with the characters included therein.
 Fully Immersive Virtual Reality
Unlike non-immersive virtual reality, fully immersive virtual reality guarantees a
realistic experience within the virtual environment. It will give you the impression
that you are in that virtual environment and that everything is happening to you in
real-time. This is a costly virtual reality type requiring helmets, gloves, and body
connections equipped with sense detectors. These are linked to a high-powered
computer.
The virtual environment detects and projects your emotions, reactions, and even a
blink of an eye. You will feel as though you are in the virtual world. There is one

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example of this where you will be outfitted in a tiny room with the necessary
hardware so you can play a virtual shooter game.
 Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality
A semi-immersive virtual reality experience combines fully immersive and non-
immersive virtual reality. With a computer screen or VR box/headset, you can
walk around an independent 3D area or virtual world. As a result, all actions in the
virtual world are focused on you. Other than your visual perception, you have no
true physical motions. On a computer, you can navigate the virtual area using the
mouse, and on mobile devices, you can move around with your finger and swipe.
 Collaborative VR
Collaborative virtual reality is a type of virtual world where people in different
places can talk to each other using avatars or 3D characters. It lets multiple users
be in the same virtual environment at the same time, talk to each other, and work
together on different tasks.
 Augmented Reality
Augmented reality (AR) refers to a technology that combines real-world
environments with computer-generated content. It allows users to interact with
virtual objects in a real-world environment.
 Mixed Reality
Mixed reality (MR) is a technology that creates a new environment by combining
real and virtual things. It allows virtual objects to interact with the real world,
creating a seamless experience.
What is the Need for Virtual Reality?
 Virtual reality allows users to create simulated, interactive, and specifically
designed environments for specific use.
 It is designed for human interaction or for a specific reason to create
experiences.
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 Unlike other reality technologies like AR and MR, VR enhances the user
experience to the next level with its fully immersive and interactive technology.

How Does Virtual Reality Technology Work?

Virtual reality is a technique that simulates vision to create a 3D world in which
the user appears to be immersed while surfing or experiencing it. The user
experiencing the 3D world then controls it in full 3D. On the one hand, the user
creates 3D VR settings, while on the other, he experiences or explores them using
suitable equipment such as VR headsets.
Some gadgets, such as controllers, enable users to control and explore the material.
VR technology will be used to understand photos and movies based on image
position, surroundings, and appearance. This includes using equipment such as
cameras and other technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and vision.

What Technology Does Virtual Reality Use?

VR technology often comprises headgear and peripherals such as controllers and
motion trackers. The technology is available through a web browser and is
powered by proprietary downloaded apps or web-based VR. Sensory peripherals
like controllers, headphones, hand trackers, treadmills, and 3D cameras are all part
of virtual reality hardware.
There are two main types of VR devices:

 Standalone - devices with all the components required to offer virtual reality
experiences in the headset. Oculus Mobile SDK, produced by Oculus VR for its
standalone headsets, and the Samsung Gear VR are two popular standalone VR
platforms. (The SDK has been deprecated in favour of OpenXR, which will be
available in July 2021.)

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 Tethered - headsets that connect to another device, such as a PC or video game

console, to deliver a virtual reality experience. SteamVR, part of Valve's Steam
service, is a popular tethered VR platform. To support headsets from different
vendors, such as HTC, Windows Mixed Reality headset manufacturers, and
Valve, the SteamVR platform employs the OpenVR SDK.

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