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Key Concepts of Distributed Database System: in Simple Terms

A Distributed Database System stores data across multiple physical locations while presenting it as a unified database to users. Key concepts include data distribution, transparency, replication, concurrency control, fault tolerance, distributed query processing, transaction management, and data integrity and security. This system allows for efficient data access and management despite its distributed nature.

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10 views2 pages

Key Concepts of Distributed Database System: in Simple Terms

A Distributed Database System stores data across multiple physical locations while presenting it as a unified database to users. Key concepts include data distribution, transparency, replication, concurrency control, fault tolerance, distributed query processing, transaction management, and data integrity and security. This system allows for efficient data access and management despite its distributed nature.

Uploaded by

tech4fresherss
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A Distributed Database System is a type of database system where the data is stored across

multiple physical locations, which could be on different computers or networks, but it appears to
users as a single unified database.

🔍 In Simple Terms:
Imagine you have one big library, but instead of keeping all books in one place, the books are stored
in multiple smaller libraries located in different cities. Even though the books are spread out, people
can still search for and borrow any book as if it’s in one big library. That’s how a distributed
database system works!

✅ Key Concepts of Distributed Database System


Here are the main concepts you should understand:

1. Distribution of Data
• Data is physically stored at different sites/locations.
• These locations are connected via a network.
• Can be distributed by:
• Horizontal fragmentation (rows are split)
• Vertical fragmentation (columns are split)
• Mixed fragmentation (both rows and columns)

2. Transparency
Distributed databases aim to hide the complexity from users. Types of transparency:
• Location Transparency – User doesn’t need to know where the data is stored.
• Replication Transparency – User is unaware of how many copies of data exist.
• Fragmentation Transparency – User doesn’t know if data is split or how it’s split.

3. Replication
• Data can be replicated (copied) across multiple sites.
• Helps in faster access and fault tolerance.
• Needs to handle consistency issues if one copy is updated.
4. Concurrency Control
• Ensures that multiple users can access and modify the data without conflicting with each
other.
• Must prevent issues like dirty reads, lost updates, etc.

5. Fault Tolerance
• If one site fails, the system should still work properly using data from other sites.
• It uses backups, replicas, and failure recovery protocols.

6. Distributed Query Processing


• The system must break down and process queries efficiently over multiple locations.
• Goal is to minimize network traffic and improve performance.

7. Distributed Transaction Management


• A transaction might involve multiple sites.
• The system ensures ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) even
across distributed systems.

8. Data Integrity and Security


• Ensures that data remains accurate and unauthorized users cannot access it, even in a
distributed setup.

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