Penaranda, Honeybelle B.
8/30/24
BSRT-51L
Activity 1: Make a timeline about the history of healthcare.
The development of medical systems, procedures, and knowledge over thousands of years is
reflected in the complex tapestry that is the history of healthcare.
Historical Period, Classical ANCIENT TIMES (460-379 BC Era)
460 B. C. Hippocrates, formally known as the ‘Father of Medicine', is born; he founded modern
medical practice from his concept of ‘observation rather than conjecture’.
Circa 400 B. C. The creation of Asclepius temples in Greece, where healing rituals and some of
the earliest surgeries were carried out.
MEDIEVAL TIMES (A.D. 400–1350)
A. D. 400: This marked the fall of the Roman Empire, hence reduced medical practice and
knowledge in Europe; on the other hand, Islamic scholars expanded and copied works of Greeks
and Romans.
A. D. 800-1100: Islamic world: the appearance of the first hospitals, including psychiatric
hospitals.
A. D. 1200: The universities were established in Europe, and medicine as a curriculum was
recognized.
A. D. 1347–1351: The Black Death (bubonic plague) kills millions in Europe and has
permanent impacts on the areas of public health and hygiene.
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RENAISSANCE (1350-1650)
1350: Renaissance starts, and new light is thrown on the anatomical structure of the human body.
1553: Andreas Vesalius publishes “De humani corporis fabrica” concerning the anatomy of man,
which dispels many myths that had pervaded earlier times.
1600s: The discovery of the microscope by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek lays the course for
diagnosing diseases and studying microorganisms.
1628: William Harvey depicts the circulation of blood in his work “Exercitatio Anatomica de
Motu Cordis,” shaping the general view towards the cardiovascular system.
1665: Disastrous plague year: first airing, relief, and prevention measures in London are
introduced.
1727: The field of immunology begins with the first smallpox vaccination, which is administered
by Edward Jenner.
1750: The formal foundation of hospitals is developed for better patient management and the
creation of surgical systems.
1796: Edward Jenner tests the inoculation with smallpox, and thus the campaign for
immunization starts.
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1847: With the implementation of hand washing as an antiseptic procedure, Ignaz Semmelweis
reduces the mortality rates among mothers.
1854: John Snow succeeds in finding the cause of the cholera epidemic in London that goes
down history as a landmark event in epidemiology.
1860: Florence Nightingale professionalizes nursing as a profession, the sanitary and nursing
profession, which transforms hospital practice and nursing training.
1882: A researcher named Robert Koch successfully isolates the Tuberculosis bacterium, thus
shifting roads from miasma theory to germ theory.
1895: The Englishman, Sir Hugh Price Stead, succeeded in discovering Schleiden dropsy
utilizing the services of a medium.
20th CENTURY
1901: The first successful blood transfusion is done, resulting in improvements to surgical
interventions and trauma medicine.
1928: Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin this discovering leads to the emergence of the
antibiotic age that revolutionizes bacterial infections treatment.
1946: The World Health Organization (WHO) is formed, and it specializes in international
health and diseases.
1950: This successful finding improves public health in polio and other diseases across the world
because of vaccines.
1965: Medicare & Medicaid [Health Insurance] for millions of individually U.S.A. elderly/low-
income persons.
1978: The Alma-Ata Declaration with the focus on primary health care and commitment for
worldwide equity in health.
1980: A new epidemic of HIV/AIDS results in an international health crisis and improvements in
research and medical practice.
1996: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is passed in the U. S. to
set standards for patients’ privacy and medical information.
This timeline highlights significant milestones in the evolution of healthcare, showcasing
advancements in medical knowledge, public health practices, and the establishment of healthcare
systems that continue to shape modern medicine.
