Question ID e29586d5

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Probability and

Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: e29586d5

Number of Contestants by Score and Day

5 out 4 out 3 out 2 out 1 out 0 out
Total
of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5 of 5

Day
2 3 4 6 2 3 20
1

Day
2 3 5 5 4 1 20
2

Day
3 3 4 5 3 2 20
3

Total 7 9 13 16 9 6 60
The same 20 contestants, on each of 3 days, answered 5 questions in order to win a prize. Each contestant received 1
point for each correct answer. The number of contestants receiving a given score on each day is shown in the table
above.
No contestant received the same score on two different days. If a contestant is
selected at random, what is the probability that the selected contestant received
a score of 5 on Day 2 or Day 3, given that the contestant received a score of 5 on
one of the three days?

ID: e29586d5 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is . It is given that no contestant received the same score on two different days, so each of the
contestants who received a score of 5 is represented in the “5 out of 5” column of the table exactly once. Therefore, the
probability of selecting a contestant who received a score of 5 on Day 2 or Day 3, given that the contestant received a
score of 5 on one of the three days, is found by dividing the total number of contestants who received a score of 5 on Day
2 or Day 3 by the total number of contestants who received a score of 5, which is given in the table as 7. So

the probability is . Note that 5/7, .7142, .7143, and 0.714 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID d4413871
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Probability and

Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: d4413871

Blood type

Rhesus factor A B AB O

33 9 3 37

7 2 1 x

Human blood can be classified into four common blood types—A, B, AB, and O. It
is also characterized by the presence or absence of the rhesus factor.
The table above shows the distribution of blood type and rhesus factor for a
group of people. If one of these people who is rhesus negative is chosen at

random, the probability that the person has blood type B is . What is the value
of x ?

ID: d4413871 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is 8. In this group, of the people who are rhesus negative have blood type B. The total number of
people who are rhesus negative in the group is , and there are 2 people who are rhesus negative with blood

type B. Therefore, . Combining like terms on the left-hand side of the equation yields

. Multiplying both sides of this equation by 9 yields , and multiplying both sides of this

equation by yields . Subtracting 10 from both sides of this equation yields .

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID e438ec3f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Probability and

Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: e438ec3f

A grove has rows of birch trees and rows of maple trees. Each row of birch trees has trees feet or taller and
trees shorter than feet. Each row of maple trees has trees feet or taller and trees shorter than feet. A tree
from one of these rows will be selected at random. What is the probability of selecting a maple tree, given that the tree is
feet or taller?

A.

B.

C.

D.

ID: e438ec3f Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is correct. If a tree from one of these rows is selected at random, the probability of selecting a maple tree, given
that the tree is feet or taller, is equal to the number of maple trees that are feet or taller divided by the total number
of trees that are feet or taller. It's given that there are rows of birch trees, and each row of birch trees has trees
that are feet or taller. This means that there are a total of , or , birch trees that are feet or taller. It's given
that there are rows of maple trees, and each row of maple trees has trees that are feet or taller. This means that
there are a total of , or , maple trees that are feet or taller. It follows that there are a total of , or ,
trees that are feet or taller. Therefore, the probability of selecting a maple tree, given that the tree is feet or taller, is
, or .

Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 6626cac3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Probability and

Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 6626cac3

Phone Email

Dinner
55% 80%
dance

Football
20% 10%
game

Picnic 20% 5%

Pool
5% 5%
party

Total 100% 100%

An alumni association survey asked each high school graduate to select the one activity he or she
preferred for the association’s next event. Some of the people responded by phone, and the others
responded by email. The table above shows the distribution of preferred activity, in percent, for each
response type used. For the survey, the number of email responses was twice the number of phone
responses. If a person who preferred a picnic is selected at random, what is the probability that the
person responded by email?

ID: 6626cac3 Answer

Rationale

The correct answer is . It’s given that the number of email responses is twice the number of phone responses.
Therefore, if the number of phone responses is p, then the number of email responses is . The table shows that 20%
of people who responded by phone preferred a picnic. It follows that the expression represents the number of
these people. The table also shows that 5% of the people who responded by email preferred a picnic. The expression
, or , represents the number of these people. Therefore, a total of , or people preferred
a picnic. Thus, the probability of selecting at random a person who responded by email from the people who preferred a

picnic is , or . Note that 1/3, .3333, and 0.333 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 585de39a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Probability and

Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 585de39a

On May 10, 2015, there were 83 million Internet subscribers in Nigeria. The major
Internet providers were MTN, Globacom, Airtel, Etisalat, and Visafone. By
September 30, 2015, the number of Internet subscribers in Nigeria had increased
to 97 million. If an Internet subscriber in Nigeria on September 30, 2015, is
selected at random, the probability that the person selected was an MTN
subscriber is 0.43. There were p million MTN subscribers in Nigeria on
September 30, 2015. To the nearest integer, what is the value of p ?

ID: 585de39a Answer

Rationale
The correct answer is 42. It’s given that in Nigeria on September 30, 2015, the probability of selecting an MTN subscriber
from all Internet subscribers is 0.43, that there were p million, or , MTN subscribers, and that there were 97
million, or 97,000,000, Internet subscribers. The probability of selecting an MTN subscriber from all Internet subscribers
can be found by dividing the number of MTN subscribers by the total number of Internet subscribers. Therefore, the

equation can be used to solve for p. Dividing 1,000,000 from the numerator and denominator of

the expression on the left-hand side yields . Multiplying both sides of this equation by 97 yields
, which, to the nearest integer, is 42.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 6a715bed
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Probability and

Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 6a715bed

The table summarizes the distribution of age and assigned group for participants in a study.

– years – years years Total

Group A

Group B

Group C

Total
One of these participants will be selected at random. What is the probability of selecting a participant from group A,
given that the participant is at least years of age? (Express your answer as a decimal or fraction, not as a percent.)

ID: 6a715bed Answer

Correct Answer: .3833, 23/60

Rationale
The correct answer is . It's given that one of the participants will be selected at random. The probability of selecting a
participant from group A given that the participant is at least years of age is the number of participants in group A
who are at least years of age divided by the total number of participants who are at least years of age. The table
shows that in group A, there are participants who are – years of age and participants who are years of
age. Therefore, there are , or , participants in group A who are at least years of age. The table also shows
that there are a total of participants who are – years of age and participants who are years of age.
Therefore, there are a total of , or , participants who are at least years of age. It follows that the probability
of selecting a participant from group A given that the participant is at least years of age is . Note that 23/60, .3833,
and 0.383 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID 5dc386fb
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Probability and

Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: 5dc386fb
The table below shows the distribution of US states according to whether they have a state-level sales tax and a state-
level income tax.
2013 State-Level Taxes
State sales tax No state sales tax

State income tax 39 4

No state income tax 6 1

To the nearest tenth of a percent, what percent of states with a state-level sales
tax do not have a state-level income tax?

A. 6.0%

B. 12.0%

C. 13.3%

D. 14.0%

ID: 5dc386fb Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is correct. The sum of the number of states with a state-level sales tax is . Of these states, 6

don’t have a state-level income tax. Therefore, , or about 13.3%, of states with a state-level sales tax
don’t have a state-level income tax.

Choice A is incorrect. This is the number of states that have a state-level sales tax and no state-level income tax. Choice
B is incorrect. This is the percent of states that have a state-level sales tax and no state-level income tax. Choice D is
incorrect. This is the percent of states that have no state-level income tax.

Question Difficulty: Hard

Question ID ecd09c38
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Math Problem-Solving and Probability and

Data Analysis conditional
probability

ID: ecd09c38
Employees working for a customer service line at an electric company recorded all the calls last Monday and noted
whether the caller asked for repairs and whether the caller asked about a bill. The results are summarized in the table
below.

Asked for Did not ask

Total
repairs for repairs

Asked
48 623 671
about a bill

Did not ask

130 90 220
about a bill

Total 178 713 891

If a caller last Monday who asked about his or her bill is selected at random,
which of the following is closest to the probability that the customer also asked
for repairs?

A. 0.05

B. 0.07

C. 0.20

D. 0.27

ID: ecd09c38 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is correct. According to the table, a total of 671 customers asked about a bill. Of these, 48 also asked for
repairs. Therefore, if a customer who asked about a bill is selected at random, the probability that the customer also

asked for repairs is .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the probability that a customer selected at random from all customers who called on
Monday both asked for repairs and asked about a bill. Choice C is incorrect. This is the probability that a customer
selected at random from all customers who called on Monday asked for repairs, regardless of whether or not the
customer asked about a bill. Choice D is incorrect. This is the probability that a customer selected at random from those
who asked for repairs also asked about a bill.

Question Difficulty: Hard