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Lineal Algebra

The document discusses key concepts in linear algebra, including the dimension of vector spaces, linear maps, and properties such as injectivity and the kernel. It also covers scalar products, norms, distances between vectors, orthogonal projections, determinants, and eigenvectors/eigenvalues. The content is structured with definitions and theorems relevant to these topics.

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TOMAS GOMEZ ZULETA
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7 views3 pages

Lineal Algebra

The document discusses key concepts in linear algebra, including the dimension of vector spaces, linear maps, and properties such as injectivity and the kernel. It also covers scalar products, norms, distances between vectors, orthogonal projections, determinants, and eigenvectors/eigenvalues. The content is structured with definitions and theorems relevant to these topics.

Uploaded by

TOMAS GOMEZ ZULETA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lineal Algebra

Tomas Gomez Zuleta1 and Juan Camilo Garcı́a Garcı́a2


1
Instituto de Fı́sica, Universidad de Antioquia

April 2023

1. Dimension of a vector space


definition
we say that a linear map f is injective if
f →v

The kernel and the image of a linear mapping


Teorema 1.1. Let F : V → W be a linear map whose kernel is {0}

scalar product
definition
we define the norm of a vector v as
p
∥v∥ = ⟨v, v⟩
The distance between the vector u and v as
dist(u, v) = ∥u − v∥ = ∥v − u∥
the orthogonal projection of v into u
⟨u, v⟩
Pu v = u
⟨u, u⟩

1
least squares
Determinants
Lets introduce the idea of an determinant in ℜ2 as the area of a parallelo-
gram that is formed by two vectors We know that the area of a parallelogram

Figura 1: Caption

is A = b · h it will be easier if we can put a vector in the x axis.


so lets use the matrix of rotation
 
cosθ sinθ
−sinθ cosθ

Eigenvectors and eigenvalues


Definition
Let
A:V →V
be a linear transformation
a vector an element v ∈ V with v ̸= 0 is an eigenvector of A is if there

2
exists a number lambda such that

Av = λv

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