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Conversion Between Color Models in Digital Image Processing

Color model conversion is the process of changing an image from one color representation to another, necessary for applications like printing and video display. Different conversions include RGB to CMYK for printing, RGB to HSV for image editing, and RGB to YUV for video compression. This conversion ensures accurate color representation across devices, reduces file sizes, and facilitates easier color adjustments.

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Kabir Behal
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8 views

Conversion Between Color Models in Digital Image Processing

Color model conversion is the process of changing an image from one color representation to another, necessary for applications like printing and video display. Different conversions include RGB to CMYK for printing, RGB to HSV for image editing, and RGB to YUV for video compression. This conversion ensures accurate color representation across devices, reduces file sizes, and facilitates easier color adjustments.

Uploaded by

Kabir Behal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Conversion Between Color Models

in Digital Image Processing


1. What is Color Model Conversion?
Color model conversion means changing an image from one color
representation to another. Since different applications use different color
models (e.g., RGB for screens, CMYK for printing, YUV for video),
conversion is necessary to ensure correct color representation.

For example:
- A digital image in RGB format must be converted to CMYK before
printing.
- A video in YUV format must be converted to RGB for display on a screen.

2. Types of Color Model Conversions


a) RGB to CMY/CMYK (For Printing)

Why is this needed?


- RGB is an additive color model (adds light to create colors).
- CMY/CMYK is a subtractive color model (removes light to create colors).
- Printers use Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black (CMYK) instead of Red,
Green, and Blue (RGB).

Conversion Formula (RGB to CMY)

[C=1-R][M=1-G][Y=1-B]
- Here, R, G, and B values range from 0 to 1.

For CMYK conversion, an extra step is added to include Black (K):


[ K = (C, M, Y) ] [ C’ = ] [ M’ = ] [ Y’ = ]

✔ Use Case: Converting an RGB image to CMYK for printing.

b) RGB to HSV (For Image Editing & Object Detection)

Why is this needed?


- RGB is not human-friendly for color adjustments.
- HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) separates color information from
brightness, making it easier to manipulate colors.
Conversion Formula (RGB to HSV)

1. Find Maximum & Minimum RGB Values:


[ Max = (R, G, B) ] [ Min = (R, G, B) ] [ = Max - Min ]

2. Calculate Hue (H):

◦ If Max = R, then
[ H = 60 ( ) ]
◦ If Max = G, then
[ H = 60 ( + 2) ]
◦ If Max = B, then
[ H = 60 ( + 4) ]

3. Calculate Saturation (S):


[S=]
(If Max = 0, then S = 0.)

4. Calculate Value (V):


[ V = Max ]

✔ Use Case: Image editing in Photoshop, color filtering, object


detection.

c) RGB to YUV/YIQ/YCbCr (For Video & Image


Compression)

Why is this needed?


- RGB stores brightness and color together, leading to large file sizes.
- YUV separates brightness (Y) from color (U, V), making compression
easier.

Conversion Formula (RGB to YUV)

[ Y = 0.299R + 0.587G + 0.114B ] [ U = 0.492 (B - Y) ] [ V = 0.877 (R - Y) ]

✔ Use Case: Used in TV broadcasting, video compression (MPEG,


JPEG), and image storage.

d) CMYK to RGB (For Display on Screens)

• Since CMYK is used for printing, it must be converted back to RGB for
display.
• The reverse of RGB to CMY conversion is used:
[R=1-C][G=1-M][B=1-Y]
✔ Use Case: Displaying printed designs on a screen.
3. Importance of Color Model Conversion
✔ Ensures correct colors across different devices (screens, printers,
cameras).
✔ Reduces file size for videos and images using YUV compression.
✔ Makes color adjustment easier using HSV in image editing.
✔ Improves image quality in digital graphics, printing, and media
applications.

4. Conclusion
Color model conversion is essential in digital image processing, video
compression, and graphic design. It allows colors to be correctly
represented across screens, print media, and compressed formats.
Understanding these conversions helps in editing, analyzing, and storing
digital images efficiently.

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