Scribd
Upload
3 views33 pages

MMW Lesson 1

The document provides various definitions of mathematics from notable mathematicians and explores concepts such as patterns, symmetry, and sequences. It discusses different types of sequences including arithmetic, geometric, harmonic, and Fibonacci sequences, along with their properties and examples. Additionally, it introduces the golden ratio and its relation to the Fibonacci sequence.

Uploaded by

fernygatan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views33 pages

MMW Lesson 1

The document provides various definitions of mathematics from notable mathematicians and explores concepts such as patterns, symmetry, and sequences. It discusses different types of sequences including arithmetic, geometric, harmonic, and Fibonacci sequences, along with their properties and examples. Additionally, it introduces the golden ratio and its relation to the Fibonacci sequence.

Uploaded by

fernygatan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

SECOND SEMESTER

A.Y. 2024 - 2025


Mathematics has no universally accepted
definition (Tobies, 2012). We shall quote
some definitions proposed by famous
mathematicians.
▪Mathematics is the science of quantity. – Aristotle
▪It is the science of indirect measurement. – Auguste
Comte
▪Mathematics is a science that draws necessary
conclusions. – Benjamin Pierce
▪All mathematics is symbolic logic. – Bertrand Russel
The word mathematics was derived from
the Greek word “mathema” which means
“That which is learnt and what one gets to
know”.
Patterns
A pattern is a structure, form, or design
that is regular, consistent, or recurring.
Symmetry
A symmetry is a sense of harmonious
and beautiful proportion of balance or an
object is invariant to any various
transformation.
Reflection Symmetry.
Reflection symmetry, sometimes called line
symmetry or bilateral symmetry, captures
symmetries when the left half of a pattern
is the same as the right half.
Radial Symmetry.
Radial symmetry, sometimes called rotational
symmetry, a type of symmetry around a fixed
point known as the center and it can be
classified as either cyclic or dehidral.
Translational Symmetry.
Translational symmetry exists in patterns that
we see in nature and in man-made
objects. Translations acquire symmetries when
units are repeated and turn out having
identical figures, like the bees’ honeycomb with
hexagonal tiles.
Fractals
A fractal is a geometric figure, each part
of which has the same statistical character
as the whole.
Sequence refers to an ordered list of
numbers called terms, that may have
repeated values. The arrangement of these
terms is set by a definite rule.
Example: 1, 3, 5, 7, …
1. What is the next term in the sequence
4, -12, 36?
2. Find the next term in the sequence
3, 13/4, 7/2, 15/4,…
3. What is the next term in the sequence
1/11, 1/15, 1/19, 1/23…
Arithmetic Sequence.
It is a sequence of numbers that follows a definite
pattern. To determine if the series of numbers
follow an arithmetic sequence, check the difference
between two consecutive terms. If common
difference is observed, then definitely arithmetic
sequence governs the pattern.
Sum of Arithmetic Sequence
Example
Find the fifth and eleventh terms of the
arithmetic sequence with the first term 3
and the common difference 4.
1. 1, 5, 9, 13, …(𝑎10 )
2. 13, 9, 5, 1,… (𝑎10 )
3. -8, -5, -2, 1, 4,… (𝑎12 )
4. 5, 9, 13, 17,… (𝑎15 )
5. 2, 6, 10,… (𝑎6 )
Geometric Sequence.
If in the arithmetic sequence we need to
check for the common difference, in the
geometric sequence we need to look for the
common ratio.
1. Find the term (𝑎7 )
7 th

Given: 𝑎1 = 5, 𝑟 = 2, 𝑛 = 7

2. Find the
10 thterm (𝑎10 )
Given: 𝑎1 = 5, 𝑟 = 2, 𝑛 = 10
1. 5, 20, 80, 320, …
2. 7 2, 5 2, 3 2, 2, …
3. 5, −10,20, −40, …
4. 1,0.6,0.36,0.216, …
10 10 10 10
5. , , ,
3 6 9 15
Harmonic Sequence.
In the sequence, the reciprocal of the terms
behaved in a manner like an arithmetic
sequence
Harmonic Sequence

𝒂𝒏
Example
Find the 7 term of the harmonic sequence
th
1 1 1
, , ,…
3 7 11
Example
Find the 14 term of the harmonic
th
56 56 56 56
sequence , , , ,…
113 177 241 305
Example
The third term of a harmonic sequence is
1 1
and the twentieth term is . Find the
13 64
first term.
Find the term of the harmonic sequence
5 th
2 1
if 𝑎2 = − and 𝑎7 = −
9 2
Fibonacci Sequence.
The Fibonacci sequence is an integer in the
infinite sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13,… of which the
first two terms are 1 and 1 and each succeeding
term is the sum of the two immediately preceding.
Simple rule: add the last two to get the next.
Golden Ratio.
The golden ratio is often denoted by the Greek
letter ϕ (Phi)
This is approximately equal to 1.618.
The Golden Ratio can be expressed as the ratio
between two numbers.
𝒏 𝒏
𝟏 𝟏+ 𝟓 𝟏− 𝟓
𝑭 𝒏 = −
𝟓 𝟐 𝟐
Where f(n) represent the nth
number of the Fibonacci sequence
The Fibonacci Sequence and the Golden Ratio

Example 1: Find Fib (22)


Manual computation
22 22
1 1+ 5 1− 5
𝐹 22 = −
5 2 2
1 22 22
𝐹 22 = 1.6180 − −0.6180
5
1
𝐹 22 = 39584.7020 − 0.00002522
5
1
𝐹 22 = 5 39584.7020 = 17,703

Direct Computation (Scientific Calculator)


𝐹 22 = 17, 711

You might also like