SESSION : 1 PRE PRODUCTION

Q1. What is the purpose of Model Sheet?

Ans: 1. Model sheets are precisely drawn groups of pictures that show all of the possible
expressions that a character can make, and all of the many different poses that they could adopt.

2. These sheets are created in order to both accurately maintain character detail and to keep the de
signs of the characters uniform whilst different animators are working on them across several shots.

3. During this stage the character designs are finalized so that when production starts, their blueprints
can be sent to the modelling department who are responsible for creating the final character models.

Q2. What is Animatic?

Ans: An animatic is a timed moving version of the storyboard made up of individual frames taken from
the storyboard and is often accompanied by audio such as dialogue, sound effects and music. Each
frame of the animatic depicts a certain key point of the scene or movie.

Q3. Differentiate between Storyboarding and Layouts.

Ans: Storyboarding:- 1.The storyboard helps to finalize the development of the storyline, and is an
essential stage of the animation process.

2. It is made up of drawings in the form of a comic strip, and is used to both help visualise the animation
and to communicate ideas clearly.

3. Storyboards often include notes to describe the frame in more detail, such as mood and lighting, as
well as camera moves.

4. It details key events and scene changes in the animation, often accompanied by text notes describing
what is occurring in the scene such as camera movements.

Layouts
 1. Once the storyboards have been approved, they are sent to the layout department which then
works closely with the director to design the locations and costumes.
2. With this, they begin to stage the scenes, showing the various characters’ positions throughout
the course of each shot.

Q4. Differentiate between Model sheets and Animatics.

Ans:- Model Sheets: 1. Model sheets are precisely drawn groups of pictures that show all of the
possible expressions that a character can make, and all of the many different poses that they could
adopt.

2. These sheets are created in order to both accurately maintain character detail and to keep the de
signs of the characters uniform whilst different animators are working on them across several shots.

3. During this stage the character designs are finalized so that when production starts, their blueprints
can be sent to the modeling department who are responsible for creating the final character models.

Animatics: 1. An animatic is a timed moving version of the storyboard made up of individual frames
taken from the storyboard and is often accompanied by audio such as dialogue, sound effects and
music.

2. Each frame of the animatic depicts a certain key point of the scene or movie.

3. The running time should match the intended running time of the final animation.

4. Animatic can assist with decisions regarding scenes to include or exclude.

Q5. Why Model sheets are required at Pre-production stage? Write any 2 points.

Ans: 1. Model sheets are precisely drawn groups of pictures that show all of the possible expressions
that a character can make, and all of the many different poses that they could adopt. 2. Model sheets
are also used for references in 3D modelling. 3. These are usually used as reference material so as to
allow proper proportions in 3D modelling.

Q6. Discuss main stages of Pre Production.

Ans: Pre -production is the phase of developing ideas and planning prior to the process of production. It
begins with main concepts or ideas and is finalized with a full story, script, shot sequence and camera
angles.

Main stages included in Pre-Production are

a) Storyboarding - Storyboarding is an essential stage of the animation process that helps to finalize the
development of the storyline.

b) Character design- Character design involves developing the appearance and features of characters in
an animation
 c) Layout- Layouts are done once the storyboards have been approved and involve designing locations
and costumes. The layout department works closely with the director to stage the scenes and show the
various characters’ positions throughout the course of each shot.

d) Model Sheets – Model sheets are precisely drawn groups of pictures that show all the possible
expressions and poses of a character

e) Animatic- An animatic is a timed moving version of the storyboard made up of individual frames
taken from the storyboard and is often accompanied by audio.

Q7. Define Persistence of Vision.

Persistence of vision is an optical illusion that occurs when the human eye continues to see
an image after it has disappeared from view.

SESSION 2:- PRODUCTION- I

Q1. What is 3D Modeling?

Ans: 3D modelling is the process of creating three-dimensional representations of an object or a surface.

3D models are used in many industries, including:

 Architecture
Architects and designers use 3D models to create virtual representations of buildings, interiors, and
landscapes.
 Entertainment
3D models are used to create scenes for still imagery and animation in film, television, and video
games.
 Healthcare
3D models are used to create custom prosthetics and implants, and to create anatomically correct
models for surgical planning.

Q2. What is Texturing?

Ans: 1. Lighting Technical Directors make sure there is consistency in lighting, colour balance and mood
between the various elements of a shot or scene.
2.When appropriate, they ensure the computer- generated imagery looks photorealistic to match the
live action plates.
3.They combine the latest version of the animation, the effects, the camera moves, the shaders and tex
tures, and render out an updated version every day.

Q3. Write the Roles and Functions of the following:

a. Layout Artist: A Layout Artist set the stage for each scene of animation. The Layout Artist
produces the 3D version of what storyboard artists had previously drawn on paper. Each layout
is a vital piece of reference for all those involved in the production process. The Layout Artist
will often work closely with the Director and other specialists such as a Scene Planner and
Special Effects Supervisor to work out the scene layout.
 b. Background Artist: The Background Artist creates scene settings. A background is essentially a
static setting upon which the animation takes place in the foreground. Back ground images can
be very simple and drawn in a similar flat style to the characters.
c. Key Frame Animator: The Key Frame Animators draw the images that determine the
beginning of a movement and the end of movement.
d. In Between Animator: The Inbetween animators draw the images or frames inbetween the
key frames to complete the movements prescribed by the Key Frame Animator.
e. CleanUp Artist: Clean-up Artists are responsible for re-drawing the Key Frame and Inbetween
Animators drawings which are normally of a rough line quality.
f. Scanner Operator: The Scanner Operator is responsible for scanning drawings prepared by the
Clean-up Artist. Ink and Paint, which is the process of coloring the drawn frames is used to
transfer drawings over to cells which are then hand painted
g. Digital Ink and Paint Artist: - The process of coloring of animation frames is carried out by
Digital Ink and Paint Artist using specialist ink and paint software. In the digital age, the term is
often referred to as Digital Ink and Paint as the process now involves scanning the finished
drawings into a computer where they can be colored using a software package.

Q4. Differentiate between Modeling and Texturing.

Ans:

Modeling Texturing

Definition Creating a 3D object Applying color, patterns, and other

surface properties to a 3D model

Purpose Used for research, explanation, Creates a photo-realistic effect and adds
simulation, visualization, or natural details to a model
experimentation

When it The first step in the 3D animation Typically happens after the 3D model
happens production pipeline shapes are created, but before they are
rendered

Q5. What is Rendering? What is its aim?

Ans: Rendering: - It is the process of getting the final assembled animation scenes or pieces out of the
computer in the format of a sequence of individual frames.
 The aim of rendering is to generate a series of individual pixel-based frames or a video clip.

Q6. Write a note on Organic Modellers.

Ans: Organic Modellers tend to have a sculpture background and specialise in building the characters
and other freeform surfaces, Hard-surface Modellers often have a more industrial design or
architectural back ground, and as such they model the vehicles, weapons, props, and buildings.

Q7. Explain the four types of Tweening animation.

Ans: The four types of tweening animation are classic tween, shape tween, motion tween, and frame-
by-frame animation:
 Classic tween
Used in most traditional video-based animations.
 Motion tween
Used in interactive animations, like in games or motion graphics. Motion tweens allow you to move an
object along a path, resize or change some basic properties of a symbol.
 Shape tween
Allows you to animate one shape into another. For example, you can draw one shape at one point in
time and then change it to a different shape at another point in time.
 Frame-by-frame animation
Best suited to complex animation in which an image changes in every frame instead of simply moving
across the Stage.

SESSION 3: PRODUCTION 2
Q1. What is 3D Lighting?

Ans: 3D lighting is the process of simulating light and shadows in a 3D computer-generated

scene using specialized software and tools. It's used in many different types of media, including
film, television, video games, and digital artwork.

Q2. What is the use of rigging in Production Pipeline?

Ans: Rigging is the process of adding bones to a character or defining the movement of a mechanical
object, and it’s central to the animation process.

A character TD will make test animations showing how a creature or character appears when deformed
into different poses, and based on the results corrective adjustments are often made.

The rigging department is also involved in developing cloth simulation – so as well as making a character
able to clench their fist or rotate their arm, the rigging and cloth department is responsible for making
their costume move in a believable manner.

Q3. What is 3D Animation?

Ans: 3D animation is a computer-based technique that creates moving, three-dimensional images in a
digital space. It's used in a variety of multimedia fields, including cinema, video games, advertising, and
social media:
 Film
3D animation has transformed the film industry, allowing for more realistic environments, characters,
and objects than 2D animation.
 Video games
3D animation is used to create characters and objects that can be interacted with in real-time.
 Advertising
3D animation can be used to create dynamic, engaging videos that can boost social media
engagement.
 Medicine
3D animation can be used to create realistic simulations of the human body that help doctors
understand anatomy.

Q 4. Differentiate between 3D Lighting and 3D Animation.

 3D lighting
A technique that uses light sources, effects, and tools to create a virtual environment and
guide the viewer's gaze. Lighting can help set the mood, create depth, and draw attention to
specific parts of the scene.
 3D animation
The process of making a 3D model move. 3D animation can be time-consuming and expensive
to create.
Q5. Differentiate between Lighting, Rigging and Animation.
Lighting, rigging, and animation are all steps in the 3D animation process, but they each have
different functions:
 Lighting
The use of lighting techniques to make the animation more realistic. For example, area lights
can create soft, even lighting across large surfaces.
 Rigging
The process of setting up a controllable skeleton for the animated character. Rigging involves
creating tools for animators to move characters, such as custom controls, muscle systems,
and an understanding of anatomy.
 Animation
The process of bringing the 3D model to life through movement. Animation involves using 3D
software to create character performances.

SESSION 4:- POST PRODUCTION

Q1. What is Post Production?
Ans: Post-production is the third and final step in film creation and it refers to the tasks that must be
completed or executed after the filming or shooting ends.
It involves exporting or rendering out the animation frames and then editing the pieces of animation
together using video editing software.
It includes the editing of raw footage to cut scenes together, inserting transitional effects, working with
voice etc.

Q2. What is Composting? Purpose of Composting.

 Ans: The Compositing Department brings together all of the 3D elements produced by the previous
departments in the pipeline, to create the final rendered image ready for film.
After the animation has been rendered it may be necessary to add some special effects or to combine
separate rendered elements together into one final animated sequence. This process is known as
Compositing.
Compositors are responsible for constructing the final image by combining layers of previously-created
material.
They receive material from various sources including rendered computer animation, special effects,
graphics, 2D animation, live action and static background plates.
The compositor’s job is to assemble the different characters and back grounds into single frames and
sequences and so is often the first to begin to see the animation as intended for the final audience.
The compositing stage also allows for the addition of other elements such as special effects which have
been created using other equipment and processes.

Q3. What is Editing?

Ans: Editing is a crucial step in making sure the video flows in a way which achieves the initial goal.
Video editing is the process of manipulating and rearranging shots to create a seamless final product,
and it is at this stage that any unwanted footage and scenes are removed. Other tasks include titling and
adding any effects to the final video and text.

Q4. Differentiate between Sound editing and video editing?

Ans: The main difference between sound editing and video editing is that sound editing
involves manipulating audio files, while video editing involves arranging video clips:
 Sound editing
Involves manipulating audio files to create a seamless audio experience that matches the
visuals. Sound editors work with dialogue, sound effects, and other audio elements to achieve
the desired outcome. This can include cutting, trimming, splicing, adjusting volume levels, and
applying effects. Sound editing happens before the audio mixing stage.
 Video editing
Involves arranging video clips to create a video. This can include adding transition effects,
creating animations, applying color correction, and more. Video editing typically follows a
pre-production storyboard.