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A+ Hardware Chapter 2

The document provides an overview of motherboards, detailing their components, characteristics, and the importance of form factors. It explains the roles of chipsets, expansion slots, and the installation process for expansion cards. Additionally, it covers power supply functions and the conversion of AC to DC voltage for PC use.

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mayar.gadgets
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17 views48 pages

A+ Hardware Chapter 2

The document provides an overview of motherboards, detailing their components, characteristics, and the importance of form factors. It explains the roles of chipsets, expansion slots, and the installation process for expansion cards. Additionally, it covers power supply functions and the conversion of AC to DC voltage for PC use.

Uploaded by

mayar.gadgets
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JAWED IBRAHIMI

COMPUTER CENTER
INSTRUCTOR: MOHAMMAD ISMAIL SAHAK

A+
Hardware
MOTHERBOARD
CHAPTER 2
THE SYSTEM BOARD

 Mother board – is the spine of the computer it connects all other components together.
 On the system board, you will find:
 (CPU)
 Underlying circuitry
 Expansion slots
 Video components
 (RAM) slots,
 And a variety of other chips
BUSES AND PCB (PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD)
MOTHERBOARD

 Three interrelated characteristics modern motherboard:


 Form factor
 Chipset
 Components
FORM FACTOR:

 Physical Size of:


 Motherboard
 Power Supply
 Case
 General Location of Ports and other components
FORM FACTOR
CASE, MOTHERBOARD AND POWER SUPPLY
AT –IBM 1980-1990 BABY AT 1985

12 inch wide by 13 inch deep


ATX 1995 (12 BY 9.6 INCH)
Form Factor Release year Size

Baby AT 1985 8.5 x 10 – 13 in.

ATX 1996 12 x 9.6 in.

Micro ATX 1996 9.6 x 9.66 in.

Mini ITX 2001 6.7 x 6.7 in.

Nano ITX 2003 4.7 x 4.7 in.

Pico ITX 2007 3.9 x 2.8 in.

Mobile ITX 2007 2.95 x 1.77 in.

Neo ITX 2012 6.7 x 3.35 in.


MAINBOARD
 Chipset
 Define the type of :
 Processor
 RAM the motherboard requires
 And determines to a degree the built – in devices the motherboard support including expansion slots
 Components
 Built- in components determine the core functionality of the system.
EARLY MOTHERBOARD
CHIPSETS (NORTHBRIDGE VS SOUTHBRIDGE)

 Northbridge controls the devices which are working on high speed


such as RAM, CPU and GPU.

 Northbridge control the devices which are working on lower speed


such as SATA, IDE, Keyboard, Mouse, NIC, PCI expansion cards,
floppy, audio and USB ports.
Motherboard
Motherboard
KEYBOARD CONNECTION WITH MOTHERBOARD
MOTHERBOARD COMPONENTS

 Front Panel Sound Card  Back Panel Sound Card

RG45

PS/2 DP (display port) VGA


Audio
Jack
MOTHERBOARD COMPONENTS

 Case Fane -3 Wire Connector  CPU – Fan 4 - Wire


MOTHERBOARD COMPONENTS
EXPANSION SLOT

 PCI and PCI Expresses  AGP-Slot


EXPANSION SLOTS

 Expansion slots are used for adding expansion cards and thus new functions to PC.
 Common card are:
 Sound
 Video
 Networking
 Parallel
 Modem
 Wireless Networking
 TV tuner cards
 Video capture cards
 Expansion slots connecting to
southbridge
PARALLEL COMMUNICATION
32 – BIT AND 64 BIT SLOTS
AGP

 When video started going graphical with the introduction of windows, the current buses were to slow and
graphics looked terrible.
 Shortly after intel invented PCI, they presented a specialized video-only version of PCI called the accelerate
graphics port (AGP).
 And AGP slot is a PCI slot, but one with a direct connection to the Northbridge.
 AGP slots are only video cards – don’t try to snap a sound card or modem into it.
 The AGP slot is almost universally brown in color, making it easy to spot.
AGP (ACCELERATED GRAPHICS PORT)
INSTALLING EXPANSION CARDS

 Installing and expansion card successfully requires at least four steps:


1. First you need to know that the card works with the PC and the Operating system.
2. Second you have to insert the card in an expansion slot properly and without damaging the card or the
motherboard.
INSTALLING EXPANSION CARD

3. Third you need to provide drivers for the


operating system – proper drivers for the
specific OS.
4.You should always verify that the card
functions properly before you walk away from
the PC
INSTALLING EXPANSION CARD

I. Knowledge
II. Physical installation
III. Device driver
IV. Configuration and verification
UPGRADING AND INSTALLING MOTHERBOARD

 Motherboard Manufacturers:
 ASUS
 Gigabyte
 MSI
 Intel
 BIOSTAR
CHOOSING THE MOTHERBOARD AND CASE

 First determine what motherboard you need. Where CPU are you using?
 Will the motherboard work with that CPU?
 Because most of us by the CPU and the motherboard at the same time, make the seller guarantee that the CPU
will work with the motherboard.
 How much RAM do you intend to install?
 Are extra RAM sockets available for future upgrades?
CHOOSING THE MOTHERBOARD AND CASE

 Second make sure your getting a form


factor that works with your case.
CHOOSING THE MOTHERBOARD AND CASE

 Third pick you case carefully. Cases come


in many sizes:
 Mini-Tower
 Desktop
 SFF
 USFF
POWER SUPPLY
AC OUTLET
UNDERSTANDING ELECTRICITY
Circuit Breaker (Fuse)
UNDERSTANDING ELECTRICITY

 Electricity comes in two flavors:


 Direct current (DC) in which the Electricity
Direction around a continuous circuit and
 Alternative current (AC) in which the flow
electron Alternative direction back and for
circuit.
POWERING THE PC

 Your PC uses DC voltage, so some conversion process must take place before the PC can use AC power from
the power company.
 The power supply in a computer converts high voltage AC power from the wall socket to low-voltage DC.
 The power supply connects to the power card vis a standard IEC-320 Connector.
SUPPLYING AC

 In the United States standard AC comes in somewhere between 110 and 120 V, often written as 115 VAC (volts of
alternating current)
 The rest of the world uses 220 – 240 VAC, so most power supplies are dual-voltage and compatible with both.
 Power supplies with voltage selection switches are referred to as fixed input.
 Power supplies that you do not have to manually switch for different voltages are known as auto switching.
POWER SUPPLY

 Figure shows the back of a power supply.


 Note the three components, from top to bottom
 The had on /off switch, 115/230 switch, and
 The IEC-320 connector.
AC ADAPTER
PROTECTING PS FROM SPIKES AND SAGS
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES (UPS)
DC VOLTAGE USES

 The PC uses the 12.0 – V current to power


motors on devices such as hard drives
and optical drives, and it uses the 5.0-V and
3.3-V current for support of onboard
electronics.
 power supplies also come with standard
connectors for the motherboard and
interior devices.
ATX POWER SUPPLIES

 ATX Power standards:


 ATX12 1.3 (2003)
 EPS12V (Servers ) non ATX
 ATX12V 2.0
 Power Pro
POWER PRO
COOLING THE POWER SUPPLY
TROUBLESHOOTING POWER SUPPLIES

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