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Second Edition

Java ™

Foundations
Introduction to
Program Design & Data Structures
This page intentionally left blank
 Second Edition

Java ™

Foundations
Introduction to
Program Design & Data Structures

John Lewis
Virginia Tech

Peter DePasquale
The College of New Jersey

Joseph Chase
Radford University

Addison-Wesley
Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco
Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid
Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City
Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo
 Editor-in-Chief: Michael Hirsch
Editorial Assistant: Stephanie Sellinger
Director of Marketing: Margaret Whaples
Marketing Coordinator: Kathryn Ferranti
Managing Editor: Jeffrey Holcomb
Production Project Manager: Heather McNally
Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Carol Melville
Media Manufacturing Buyer: Ginny Michaud
Art Director: Linda Knowles
Cover Designer: Susan Paradise
Cover Art: Marc Romanelli/Getty Images
Media Project Manager: Katelyn Boller
Full-Service Project Management: Rose Kernan, Nesbitt Graphics, Inc.
Composition: Nesbitt Graphics, Inc.

Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on
appropriate page within text.

Microsoft® and Windows® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other countries. Screen
shots and icons reprinted with permission from the Microsoft Corporation. This book is not sponsored or endorsed by or
affiliated with the Microsoft Corporation.

The programs and applications presented in this book have been included for their instructional value. They have been tested
with care, but are not guaranteed for any particular purpose. The publisher does not offer any warranties or representations,
nor does it accept any liabilities with respect to the programs or applications.

Copyright © 2011, 2008. Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley, 501 Boylston Street, Suite 900, Boston,
Massachusetts 02116. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by
Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval
system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain
permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions
Department, 501 Boylston Street, Suite 900, Boston, Massachusetts 02116.

Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those
designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in
initial caps or all caps.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Lewis, John, 1963-
Java foundations : introduction to program design & data structures / John
Lewis, Peter J. DePasquale, Joseph Chase. -- 2nd ed.
p. cm.
ISBN 0-13-212881-0
1. Java (Computer program language) I. DePasquale, Peter J. (Peter Joseph)
II. Chase, Joseph, 1964- III. Title.
QA76.73.J38L48845 2010
005.13'3--dc22
2009051134
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1–EB–14 13 12 11 10

ISBN-10: 0-13-212881-0
www.pearsonhighered.com ISBN-13: 978-0-13-212881-0
 To my wife, Sharon, for everything.
– John

To my wife, Lisa, and our twins: Lily and Adam.

– Pete

To my loving wife, Melissa, for her support and encouragement.

– Joe
This page intentionally left blank
Preface

Welcome to Java Foundations. This book is designed to serve as the primary

resource for a two- or three-term introductory course sequence, ranging from the
most basic programming concepts to the design and implementation of complex
data structures. This unified approach makes the important introductory
sequence more cohesive and accessible for students.
We’ve borrowed the best elements from the industry-leading text Java Software
Solutions for the introductory material, reworked to complement the design and
vision of the overall text. For example, instead of having graphics sections spread
throughout many chapters, the coverage of graphical user interfaces is accom-
plished in a well-organized chapter of its own.
In the later chapters, the exploration of collections and data structures is mod-
eled somewhat after the coverage in Java Software Structures, but has been thor-
oughly retooled to flow cleanly from the introductory material. The result is a
comprehensive, cohesive, and seamless exploration of programming concepts.

New in the Second Edition

We appreciate the feedback we’ve received about this book and are pleased that
it served so well as an introductory text. The following modifications have been
made to improve the presentation of particular topics and the overall flow:
■ A stack is now used as the initial example of a collection so that the con-
cept of a collection is more clearly established.
■ The discussion of Generics has been expanded and clarified.
■ The coverage of the Quick Sort and Merge Sort algorithms has been
expanded.
■ The coverage of Analysis of Algorithms has been separated into its own
chapter and expanded.
■ Material on Testing and Debugging has been incorporated into more
appropriate locations of the text.
■ The coverage of Search Trees and Heaps have been divided into separate
chapters.

vii
viii PREFA C E

■ Two new chapters covering Hashing and Databases have been added.
■ End-of-chapter exercises and projects have been updated to reflect changes
in the book.

Regarding Objects
Phrases like objects-first, objects-early, and objects-late continue to be bandied
about by computing educators, despite the fact that the nuances of the pedagogy
of the introductory sequence cannot be summed up so easily. We’ll take this
opportunity to discuss our approach.
First, this book is purely object-oriented, presented in a gradual, natural man-
ner. Concepts that overlap with procedural programming, such as methods and
their invocation, are discussed in terms of an object-oriented approach. Thus, no
example is ever made up of a single class with multiple methods. In fact, in our
examples the class that contains the main method never contains another.
We use objects right from the start, and discuss everything in object-oriented
terms at all times. An overview of object-oriented concepts is given in Chapter 1,
then reinforced and fleshed out throughout the book. Classes from the Java stan-
dard class library are introduced immediately, and objects from these classes are
instantiated and used for the various services they provide. In the first four chap-
ters, students explore and write programs made up of a single class with a single
main method—but these programs actively use predefined classes and objects
from the standard library in addition to exploring fundamental programming
concepts such as expressions and conditionals.
We never introduce third-party classes simply as fodder to create examples.
That approach can confuse students by blurring the distinction between classes
that are part of the standard library (and thus always available) and “extras”
thrown in by textbook authors as a convenience. Every non-library class used
in an example is fully explored in this book. There’s no “magic” behind the
scenes.
The debate continues: should coverage of control structures come before the
details of writing classes, or vice versa? The truth is there are advantages either
way, and a knowledgeable instructor can capitalize on either approach. If class
composition comes first, it exposes the underlying essence of objects earlier and
demystifies their use. However, without the ability to use basic control structures,
the examples at that point are often uninteresting and unrealistic. This book
explores control structures before writing classes. Chapter 4 uses small, single-
method examples to examine the details of conditionals and loops, providing a
strong foundation for the multiclass examples in Chapter 5.
 P REFA C E ix

Chapter Breakdown
Chapter 1 (Introduction) introduces the Java programming language and the
basics of program development. It contains an introduction to object-oriented
development, including an overview of concepts and terminology. This chapter
contains broad introductory material that can be covered while students become
familiar with their development environment.
Chapter 2 (Data and Expressions) explores some of the basic types of data used
in a Java program and the use of expressions to perform calculations. It discusses
the conversion of data from one type to another, and how to read input interac-
tively from the user with the help of the Scanner class.
Chapter 3 (Using Classes and Objects) explores the use of predefined classes
and the objects that can be created from them. Classes and objects are used to
manipulate character strings, produce random numbers, perform complex calcu-
lations, and format output. Packages, enumerated types, and wrapper classes are
also discussed.
Chapter 4 (Conditionals and Loops) covers the use of boolean expressions to
make decisions. All related statements for conditionals and loops are discussed,
including the enhanced version of the for loop. The Scanner class is revisited
for iterative input parsing and reading text files.
Chapter 5 (Writing Classes) explores the basic issues related to writing classes
and methods. Topics include instance data, visibility, scope, method parameters,
and return types. Constructors, method design, static data, and method overload-
ing are covered as well. Testing and debugging are now covered in this chapter as
well.
Chapter 6 (Graphical User Interfaces) is a thorough exploration of Java GUI
processing, focusing on components, events, and listeners. Many types of compo-
nents and events are discussed using numerous GUI examples. Additionally, lay-
out mangers, containment hierarchies, borders, tooltips, and mnemonics are
introduced.
Chapter 7 (Arrays) contains extensive coverage of arrays and array processing.
Topics include bounds checking, initializer lists, command-line arguments, variable-
length parameter lists, and multidimensional arrays.
Chapter 8 (Inheritance) covers class derivations and associated concepts such
as class hierarchies, overriding, and visibility. Strong emphasis is put on the proper
use of inheritance and its role in software design.
Chapter 9 (Polymorphism) explores the concept of binding and how it relates
to polymorphism. Then we examine how polymorphic references can be accom-
plished using either inheritance or interfaces. Design issues related to polymor-
phism are examined as well.
x PREFA C E

Chapter 10 (Exceptions) covers exception handling and the effects of

uncaught exceptions. The try-catch statement is examined, as well as a dis-
cussion of exception propagation. The chapter also explores the use of excep-
tions when dealing with input and output, and examines an example that writes
a text file.
Chapter 11 (Recursion) covers the concept, implementation, and proper use of
recursion. Several examples are used to elaborate on the discussion, including a
maze traversal and the classic Towers of Hanoi problem.
Chapter 12 (Analysis of Algorithms) discusses the techniques for analyzing the
complexity of algorithms, including recursive algorithms. Big Oh notation is
introduced.
Chapter 13 (Searching and Sorting) explores the linear and binary searching
algorithms, as well as five sorting algorithms. The sorts include both quadratic
and O(N log N) algorithms. The efficiency of these algorithms is examined.
Chapter 14 (Stacks) introduces the concept of a collection and establishes the
importance of separating the interface from the implementation. Stacks are used
as the initial example of a collection, and both dynamic and fixed implementa-
tions of a stack are explored. Generic types are introduced in this chapter, detail-
ing their use in supporting the collection classes.
Chapter 15 (Queues) introduces FIFO queues and discusses options for their
implementation. As with stacks, a queue is explored first conceptually, then as
tools to help us solve problems, and finally by examining their underlying data
structures. Both array-based and dynamic link implementations are discussed.
Chapter 16 (Trees) introduces the terms and concepts behind trees. Various
implementation strategies are discussed, and a recursive, linked approach is exam-
ined in detail. An example of a binary decision tree is explored as well.
Chapter 17 (Binary Search Trees) covers the concept of search trees and a
linked implementation for a classic binary search tree. Tree rotation algorithms
are also discussed.
Chapter 18 (Heaps and Priority Queues) discusses the concept of a heap and
its relationship to trees. A full linked implementation of a heap is explored.
Priority queues are used as an example of a collection in its own right, and the
natural relationship between heaps and priority queues are explored.
Chapter 19 (Graphs) discusses both directed and undirected graphs.
Additionally, weighted graphs are explored, and the differences between breadth-
first and depth-first graph traversals are covered. Minimal spanning trees are
introduced, and implementation strategies are discussed.
Chapter 20 (Hashing) covers the concept of creating a hash table to facilitate
storage and retrieval of objects. Various classes that relate to hashing from the
Java API are explored.
 P REFA C E xi

Chapter 21 (Databases) explores the concept of databases and their manage-

ment, and discusses the basics of SQL queries. It then explores the techniques for
establishing a connection between a Java program and a database, and the API
used to interact with it.

Student CD
The CD included with each textbook contains:
■ Source code for all of the programs in the text.
■ The Java Software Development Kit (SDK).
■ Various Java development environments, including NetBeans™, Eclipse™,
DrJava, jGRASP™, and TextPad®.

Instructor Resources
The following supplements are available to qualified instructors only. Visit the
Pearson Education Instructor Resource Center (www.pearsonhighered.com/irc)
or send email to [email protected] for information on how to access these
resources.
■ Presentation Slides—lecture-ready presentations for each chapter in
Microsoft PowerPoint® format.
■ Solutions—full solutions to the exercises and programming projects.
■ Test Bank with powerful test generator software—includes a wealth of
free-response, multiple-choice, and true/false questions.

Acknowledgments
Educators and students from around the world have provided feedback on previ-
ous work that has allowed us to mold this book into a fresh, valuable resource.
Your comments and questions are always welcome.
The talent and commitment of the team at Addison-Wesley continues to amaze
us. We greatly appreciate the insight of Michael Hirsch, our editor, and the hard
work of his assistant, Stephanie Sellinger. Rose Kernan at Nesbitt Graphics was a
great help throughout the production process. We thank all of these people for
ensuring that this book meets the highest quality standards.
We’d like to acknowledge the collective input from hundreds of professors and
students around the world in the development of the material upon which this
xii PR EFA C E

book is based. There are too many of you to individually name, but your influ-
ence on Java Software Solutions and Java Software Structures is evident in Java
Foundations.
Special thanks go to Ruth Dannenfelser, Cory Samaha, and Zach Zappala at
the College of New Jersey for their help with solutions to the database projects.
And our continued thanks go to Jason Snyder at Virginia Tech for his assistance
testing code and many other contributions.
Groups like the ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education
(SIGCSE), the Consortium for Computing Sciences in Colleges (CCSC), and the
Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA) are phenomenal resources. Their
conferences and online activities provide opportunities for educators from all lev-
els and all types of schools to share ideas and materials. If you are a computing
educator and are not involved with these groups, you’re missing out.
Finally, we thank our families for their support and patience during the busy
process of writing.
Contents

Preface vii

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 The Java Programming Language 2
A Java Program 3
Comments 5
Identifiers and Reserved Words 6
White Space 9

1.2 Program Development 11

Programming Language Levels 11
Editors, Compilers, and Interpreters 13
Development Environments 15
Syntax and Semantics 16
Errors 17

1.3 Problem Solving 18

1.4 Software Development Activities 19

1.5 Object-Oriented Programming 21

Object-Oriented Software Principles 21

Chapter 2 Data and Expressions 31

2.1 Character Strings 32
The print and println Methods 32
String Concatenation 34
Escape Sequences 37

2.2 Variables and Assignment 38

Variables 38
The Assignment Statement 40
Constants 42

2.3 Primitive Data Types 43

Integers and Floating Points 43
xiii
xiv CONTENTS

Characters 45
Booleans 47

2.4 Expressions 47
Arithmetic Operators 48
Operator Precedence 48
Increment and Decrement Operators 51
Assignment Operators 53

2.5 Data Conversion 54

Conversion Techniques 56

2.6 Reading Input Data 57

The Scanner Class 57

Chapter 3 Using Classes and Objects 71

3.1 Creating Objects 72
Aliases 74

3.2 The String Class 76

3.3 Packages 79
The import Declaration 80

3.4 The Random Class 82

3.5 The Math Class 85

3.6 Formatting Output 88

The NumberFormat Class 88
The DecimalFormat Class 90
The printf Method 92

3.7 Enumerated Types 92

3.8 Wrapper Classes 95

Autoboxing 97

Chapter 4 Conditionals and Loops 105

4.1 Boolean Expressions 106
Equality and Relational Operators 107
Logical Operators 108
 CONTENTS xv

4.2 The if Statement 110

The if-else Statement 113
Using Block Statements 115
The Conditional Operator 118
Nested if Statements 119

4.3 Comparing Data 121

Comparing Floats 121
Comparing Characters 121
Comparing Objects 122

4.4 The switch Statement 123

4.5 The while Statement 127

Infinite Loops 132
Nested Loops 133
Other Loop Controls 137

4.6 Iterators 137

Reading Text Files 138

4.7 The do Statement 141

4.8 The for Statement 144

Iterators and for Loops 149
Comparing Loops 149

Chapter 5 Writing Classes 161

5.1 Classes and Objects Revisited 162
Identifying Classes and Objects 163
Assigning Responsibilities 165

5.2 Anatomy of a Class 165

Instance Data 170
UML Class Diagrams 171

5.3 Encapsulation 173

Visibility Modifiers 174
Accessors and Mutators 175

5.4 Anatomy of a Method 180

The return Statement 186
Parameters 188
xvi C O N T EN T S

Local Data 189

Constructors Revisited 190

5.5 Static Class Members 190

Static Variables 191
Static Methods 191

5.6 Class Relationships 192

Dependency 195
Dependencies Among Objects
of the Same Class 195
Aggregation 197
The this Reference 202

5.7 Method Design 203

Method Decomposition 204
Method Parameters Revisited 209

5.8 Method Overloading 210

5.9 Testing 216

Reviews 217
Defect Testing 217
Unit Testing 219
Integration Testing 219
System Testing 219
Test-Driven Development 220

5.10 Debugging 220

Simple Debugging with print Statements 221
Debugging Concepts 221

Chapter 6 Graphical User Interfaces 233

6.1 GUI Elements 234
Frames and Panels 235
Buttons and Action Events 239
Determining Event Sources 240

6.2 More Components 243

Text Fields 244
Check Boxes 247
Radio Buttons 250
 CONTENTS xvii

Sliders 255
Combo Boxes 260
Timers 265

6.3 Layout Managers 269

Flow Layout 271
Border Layout 274
Grid Layout 278
Box Layout 280
Containment Hierarchies 284

6.4 Mouse and Key Events 284

Mouse Events 284
Key Events 292
Extending Adapter Classes 297

6.5 Dialog Boxes 298

File Choosers 301
Color Choosers 304

6.6 Some Important Details 305

Borders 305
Tool Tips and Mnemonics 309

6.7 GUI Design 315

Chapter 7 Arrays 325

7.1 Array Elements 326

7.2 Declaring and Using Arrays 327

Bounds Checking 329
Alternate Array Syntax 335
Initializer Lists 335
Arrays as Parameters 336

7.3 Arrays of Objects 337

7.4 Command-Line Arguments 346

7.5 Variable-Length Parameter Lists 348

7.6 Two-Dimensional Arrays 351

Multidimensional Arrays 355
xviii C O N T EN T S

Chapter 8 Inheritance 363

8.1 Creating Subclasses 364
The protected Modifier 368
The super Reference 370
Multiple Inheritance 371

8.2 Overriding Methods 374

Shadowing Variables 375

8.3 Class Hierarchies 376

The Object Class 378
Abstract Classes 380

8.4 Visibility 382

8.5 Designing for Inheritance 385

Restricting Inheritance 385

Chapter 9 Polymorphism 393

9.1 Late Binding 394

9.2 Polymorphism via Inheritance 394

9.3 Interfaces 407

Interface Hierarchies 412
The Comparable Interface 413
The Iterator Interface 413

9.4 Polymorphism via Interfaces 414

Event Processing 416

Chapter 10 Exceptions 423

10.1 Exception Handling 424

10.2 Uncaught Exceptions 425

10.3 The try-catch Statement 425

The finally Clause 429

10.4 Exception Propagation 430

 CONTENTS xix

10.5 The Exception Class Hierarchy 433

Checked and Unchecked Exceptions 436

10.6 I/O Exceptions 437

Chapter 11 Recursion 447

11.1 Recursive Thinking 448
Infinite Recursion 449
Recursion in Math 449

11.2 Recursive Programming 450

Recursion vs. Iteration 453
Direct vs. Indirect Recursion 453

11.3 Using Recursion 454

Traversing a Maze 454
The Towers of Hanoi 459

Chapter 12 Analysis of Algorithms 469

12.1 Algorithm Efficiency 470

12.2 Growth Functions and Big-Oh Notation 471

12.3 Comparing Growth Functions 473

Method Calls 475
Analyzing Recursive Algorithms 477

Chapter 13 Searching and Sorting 481

13.1 Searching 482
Linear Search 485
Binary Search 487

13.2 Sorting 489

Selection Sort 490
Insertion Sort 497
Bubble Sort 498
Quick Sort 500
Merge Sort 501
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 “I suppose if you had known him well enough you would have
dissuaded him from doing it?”
“I certainly should. I don’t mean any reflection upon you, young man,
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responsibility.”
“Perhaps you are right,” said Guy, a little nettled, “but I shall endeavor
to show that he made no mistake.”
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“What could possibly have recommended you to Mr. Saunders?”
Guy could easily have satisfied his curiosity, but he did not propose to
do so.
“We became acquainted, sir, and he employed me in his office in
Bombay. So he had some opportunity of becoming familiar with my
capacity for business.”
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Guy felt that this was going too far. He did not care to gratify Mr.
Johnson’s impertinent curiosity.
“You must excuse my answering that question, Mr. Johnson,” he said.
“Oh, well, just as you please. If you were in my office in Boston I should
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“Nor do I, Mr. Locke. I wonder which is right in his estimate of me—
Mr. Saunders or he.”
“Mr. Saunders, I am sure.”
“Thank you for your good opinion.”
At length the long voyage was over, and with a thrill of interest and
excitement Guy stepped on the wharf at Liverpool.
 CHAPTER IX

GUY ARRIVES IN LONDON

In company with his new acquaintance, August Locke, Guy pushed on

to London. He knew nothing about hotels, but by the advice of Locke he
secured a room at the Charing Cross.
The next morning he called at the offices of Mr. Saunders’
correspondent, Mr. Russell.
These offices were in a solid and heavy-looking building, quite different
from the business structures to be found in American cities.
Guy entered, and was asked his business by the clerk, who looked as if
he might have come from Glasgow or some other Scotch city.
“I wish to see Mr. Russell,” answered Guy.
“You can give me your message.”
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“What firm are you with?”
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will grant me an interview,” Guy added.
“Do you come from Bombay?” asked the clerk, in an altered tone.
“Yes.”
“Who came with you?”
“Quite a number of passengers,” answered Guy, coolly, “but I don’t see
what concern that is of yours.”
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long enough in London to acquire the Cockney accent.
“Thank you for the compliment, but I should like to see Mr. Russell.”
The clerk withdrew to an inner room, and presently reappeared.
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Guy nodded, and betook himself to Mr. Russell’s private room.
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looked staid and dignified.
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Saunders.”
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doubtless his reason.”
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“Here is Mr. Saunders’ letter.”
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looked from time to time at Guy in evident surprise.
This was the letter:
My dear Sir:
This letter will be presented you by young Mr. Fenwick, who has been in
my employ here, and who has my entire confidence. I have given him two
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judgment.
Yours respectfully,
John Saunders.
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placed seemed so unsuitable to his youth, that the London merchant could
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“I cannot understand how Mr. Saunders should have engaged you on
such short acquaintance, as you are so young.”
“I don’t like to mention it, sir, but I had the good fortune to save his life,
and——”
“How?”
Guy related the particulars of the night attack on Mr. Saunders.
“I understand,” said the Englishman, his face clearing up. “You certainly
placed my friend under great obligation; but how came he to have so much
confidence in your business ability?”
“He knew nothing of my business ability at first, but after employing me
a few weeks he seemed to be satisfied with me.”
“Quite so. I was at first inclined to fear that my old friend had lost his
usual discretion, but I begin to see that he has acted sensibly. I shall, of
course, comply with his request, and will assist you to the best of my
endeavors. First, do you require any money?”
“Not to-day, sir, but I probably shall soon.”
Guy gave some business messages to Mr. Russell, and then asked: “Have
you heard anything of Mr. Saunders’ young ward, of late, Mr. Russell?”
“Yesterday I received a letter from Dr. Musgrave, complaining of his
insubordination.”
“Will you kindly show me the letter?”
 The merchant opened his desk and produced a letter, which he placed in
the hands of his young companion.
Guy read it with mingled interest and curiosity.
This is the material portion of it:
Respected Sir:
I regret to find myself under the necessity of complaining to you of the
boy whom you some time since placed under my charge. I should have
refrained from doing so, feeling quite able to manage him, if I did not
suspect that he had made complaints to you or Mr. Saunders, of Bombay, of
his treatment at the school. Let me say, then, that he has shown himself very
insubordinate, and in that respect has set a bad example to my other pupils.
In particular he is impudent to my son Simon, and seems to have conceived
a violent hatred for him.
Simon is a very trustworthy and reliable boy, who endeavors in every
way to carry out my wishes. I have made him a monitor, and to a certain
extent have placed the younger boys under his charge. He has exercised
great forbearance with Vivian, only requiring him to treat him, as my
representative, with proper respect. This, young Bell seems unwilling to do,
and I have no doubt is quite capable of misrepresenting the condition of
things at the school, and his own treatment.
I do not ask your assistance in any way, feeling quite able to cope with
him, but I wish to prepare you for any mendacious statements the boy may
be tempted to make.
My school has, happily, a high reputation, and has been for years noted
for its excellent parental discipline. I have received many testimonials from
parents who appreciate the valuable training their sons have received at the
school.
I am, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
Peter Musgrave, LL.D.
“What do you think of this letter, Mr. Russell?” asked Guy.
“I have nothing to go upon. I have not received any letter of complaint
from young Bell.”
“Mr. Saunders has.”
 “Indeed!”
“I have brought a copy of it to show you.”
The merchant looked over the letter, which has already been given in an
earlier chapter.
“If these statements are true,” he said slowly, “the boy should be
removed at once. The question is, are they true or not?”
“What did you know of the school, sir, that led you to select it for Vivian
Bell?”
“I saw it advertised in the Times. Several well-known names were
appended as references.”
“I chanced to have a fellow passenger, a young man, who, in his
boyhood, was a pupil at the school.”
“Ha! And what did he say?”
“That Dr. Musgrave was a brute and a tyrant.”
“Possibly he was insubordinate, also.”
“I shall bring him in some day to call upon you. His name is August
Locke, of Glasgow.”
“Indeed! Is he related to the merchant of that name?” asked Mr. Russell,
with interest.
“He is his son.”
“His testimony carries weight. Then he thinks the complaints are well
founded?”
“Yes, sir.”
“Well, Mr. Fenwick, the affair is in your hands. I have no responsibility
in the matter. You will doubtless go to Milton and investigate.”
“Yes, sir. I am glad to say that Mr. Locke has agreed to go with me.”
“He can assist you materially, as he is acquainted with the school.”
At this moment the young Scotch clerk made his appearance.
“Here is a message just received from Milton,” he said.
The merchant tore it open, and read aloud, in some excitement:
From Dr. Musgrave, of Milton, to David Russell, Grace Court,
London.
The boy Vivian Bell has run away. Will you defray expenses of search?
 “How shall I answer this, Mr. Fenwick?”
“Please wire him that a special messenger will call upon him to-
morrow.”
 CHAPTER X

AT MILTON SCHOOL

Milton School was situated in a delightful part of the country. It was

broad on the ground, and built of stone, the sides being overgrown with the
clinging ivy so abundant in England.
It ought to have been a paradise. Casual visitors always admired it, and
declared that the boys who attended it were especially favored.
But they did not know the character of Dr. Peter Musgrave, who had for
fifteen years exercised tyrannical sway over the pupils committed to his
charge.
He was in the habit of forming sudden prejudices against his pupils, and
when he was “down on a boy,” as the saying is, no amount of good
behavior softened him. Vivian Bell had been unfortunate enough to incur
this man’s enmity, and his life had been a hard one ever since he had
entered the school.
Two days before the date of the telegram mentioned at the close of the
last chapter, Simon Musgrave, the doctor’s son, ordered Vivian to go on an
errand to Milton village.
“I have a bad headache, Simon,” said Vivian. “I don’t feel as if I could
sit up.”
“I don’t believe a word of it,” returned the young tyrant. “You’re lazy,
that’s all.”
“But indeed my head aches badly, Simon.”
“Don’t call me Simon.”
“Isn’t that your name?” asked Vivian, wonderingly.
“My name to you is Mr. Musgrave. Just remember that, will you?”
“Yes, Simon—I mean Mr. Musgrave.”
“Take that!” said Simon, aiming a blow at Vivian that nearly felled him
to the ground. “Perhaps you’ll remember next time.”
“You have no right to strike me!” said Vivian, plucking up courage.
 He did not dare to retaliate, for he was weak compared with the young
tyrant.
“Haven’t I? Then I’ll do it again!”
Which threat he promptly translated into action.
“Now you know me. Don’t you ever dare to tell me again that I haven’t a
right to wallop you! Start for the village at once, or you’ll get another!”
But there was an unexpected champion in the person of one of the older
boys, who had come up while Simon was gratifying his brutal instincts.
“I say, Musgrave, what are you doing to Bell?”
“None of your business!”
“Isn’t it, though? You have made him cry.”
“Oh, he’s a cry-baby, anyway,” said Simon, scornfully.
“What has he been doing to you, Vivian?” asked the other boy, kindly.
“He hit me twice!”
“What did you do that for?”
“I told you before it was none of your business,” returned Simon
Musgrave, sullenly. “If you’re not careful, I’ll serve you the same way!”
“You will, eh? I should like to see you do it!” replied Jim Rawdon, not in
the least terrified by Musgrave’s threats, even if he were the son of the head
master.
Simon Musgrave scowled at the intrepid boy, but he knew very well that
it would not do to treat him as he had Vivian Bell. Simon was a born bully,
and bullies are generally cowards.
He took advantage of Vivian Bell’s gentleness, but he held in unwilling
respect James Rawdon’s strength and pluck.
“I’ll report your insolence to my father,” he said, biting his nether lip.
“Do,” retorted Rawdon. “Go and complain to your pa like an overgrown
baby!”
Simon was in such a passion that he ached to strike Rawdon, but
prudence got the better of temper, and he refrained.
Turning to Vivian, he said: “You heard what I told you to do. Go and do
it!”
“What did you tell him to do?” asked Rawdon.
 “I told him to go to the village on an errand for me.”
“Why don’t you go yourself?”
“Because I don’t choose to.”
“I would go if I hadn’t a headache,” interposed Vivian, putting his hand
to his head and sighing. “It’s very bad.”
“It’s all put on,” said Simon, brutally. “Your head doesn’t ache any more
than mine does.”
“Indeed, indeed it does!”
James Rawdon listened to Simon with a disgust for his brutality which
he did not attempt to conceal.
“Don’t you go, Bell,” he said. “I’ll stand by you.”
“Look here, Rawdon, don’t put in your oar! You’ll get into trouble!”
“Who’s going to get me into trouble?”
“I am.”
“Come on, then!” and Jim Rawdon put himself in an attitude of defence.
“Oh, I sha’n’t touch you! I’d scorn to fight you; but I’ll report you and
Bell to my father.”
“I’ve been reported to your father before now,” said Rawdon,
significantly.
It was quite true that Jim Rawdon had little to fear from Dr. Musgrave.
He was a resolute and determined boy, who would not permit anyone to
impose upon him.
His father was a wealthy merchant in London, and it so happened that
Dr. Musgrave was under a pecuniary obligation to the senior Rawdon to the
extent of five hundred pounds. These two considerations made Jim a
privileged character.
Simon, however, knew nothing of the pecuniary relations between his
father and Mr. Rawdon, and was now thoroughly incensed, especially when
Rawdon, taking Vivian Bell under his protection, walked off with him.
“I’ll go and complain to my father!” exclaimed Simon, wrathfully.
“Go along! Come with me, Vivian!”
Vivian, influenced by the older and stronger boy, obeyed him.
“Now, Vivian,” said Rawdon, “tell me why you let that brute impose
upon you?”
 “Because I can’t help it, Rawdon.”
“That’s something I wouldn’t say.”
“You don’t need to. You are strong—oh, so strong!” returned Vivian,
admiringly.
“I am not as strong as Dr. Musgrave, but he never touches me.”
“He has flogged me often.”
“The old brute! And yet you are always gentle and inoffensive.”
“I try to be good and obey the rules, but the doctor is always finding
fault with me.”
“That’s his way.”
“I can’t seem to please him.”
“Then why don’t you give it up?”
“I don’t understand you, Rawdon.”
“Then I’ll tell you, Vivian. If I were treated as you are I’d leave the
school.”
“But how can I?”
“Who put you here?”
“My guardian.”
“Then why don’t you ask him to take you away?”
“I’ll tell you something, Rawdon, if you won’t tell.”
“Of course I won’t tell! What do you take me for?”
“I wrote to my guardian four months ago, telling him how I was treated
here.”
“Four months ago! And haven’t you had any answer?”
“No. You see, he lives in Bombay.”
Jim Rawdon whistled.
“Bombay! That’s a terrible distance off!”
“Yes. It takes a long time for a letter to reach there. That’s the reason I
haven’t yet heard from him?”
“Did you ask him to take you away?”
“Yes; and I do hope he will.”
“Very likely he won’t. If he lives so far off, very likely he won’t take any
trouble in the matter.”
 “Oh, I hope he will!”
“If I were you I would take the matter into my own hands. I’d run
away!”
Vivian Bell almost gasped at the daring suggestion.
“But what could I do if I did run away? I haven’t any money; that is, I
have only half a crown.”
“I’ve got two half-sovereigns, and you may have one of them.”
“You’re awfully kind, Rawdon. Would you really advise me to run
away?”
“Yes, I would.”
“Where shall I go first?”
“There’s a farmer four miles away on the Bolton Road. His name is
Giles Glover. Go there and ask him to keep you for a couple of days. You
can pay him, you know. Tell him I sent you. He’s a friend of mine.”
“But after the two days?”
“I’ll call over and have a talk with you. I can ride with the carrier, so it
won’t be any trouble. Then I’ll arrange something for you. Perhaps I may
send you to London with a letter to my father.”
“But if the doctor catches me?” asked Vivian, with a shiver.
“The doctor won’t catch you. I’ll put him off the scent.”
“I don’t know, Rawdon. It seems a very bold thing to do.”
The conversation was interrupted here, for Simon Musgrave came up
with a triumphant smile on his face.
“Rawdon and Bell are wanted,” he said. “You are to report at once to my
father at his office.”
 CHAPTER XI

AN INDEPENDENT PUPIL

Simon Musgrave walked away, not doubting that the two boys would
obey orders.
“What shall I do, Rawdon?” asked Vivian, in a state of nervous alarm.
“The doctor will be sure to flog me!”
“Then don’t go near him.”
“But he will come for me.”
“Then mind you are not to be found.”
“What do you mean?”
“Go to your room, get a few underclothes, and run away. Remember
where I told you to go. You know where Farmer Glover lives?”
“Yes.”
“Go there. Ask him to keep you till I come.”
“But will he?”
“I am sure he will. He hates Dr. Musgrave, who tried to cheat him out of
pay for some hay he bought of him. You’ll find him to be a good friend.”
“It seems a bold thing to do, Rawdon, but if you say I had better, I will
be guided by you.”
“That is right. Now lose no time in going to your room, and I will delay
matters so that you will have a chance to get away.”
“Shall you go to see the doctor?”
“Yes; I am not afraid of him.”
Jim Rawdon loitered about the quadrangle, and it was nearly fifteen
minutes before he presented himself near the office. Simon had been sent
out to look for him.
“Why don’t you go to my father’s office?” he demanded.
“There is no hurry,” returned Rawdon, composedly.
“You’ll find out if there isn’t. Pa’s awful mad; I can tell you that.”
 “Then he’d better get over it as soon as possible. It isn’t healthy for an
old man like him to get into a rage.”
“I hope he’ll flog you!” said Simon, exasperated at Rawdon’s coolness.
“You were always kind and friendly, Simon. Just as sure as he tries to
flog me, I’ll flog you!”
“Where is Bell? Has he gone to the office?” said Simon, who felt that
Rawdon would be very likely to carry out his threat.
“What have I got to do with Bell? Isn’t he in the office now?”
“If he isn’t it’ll be worse for him. Pa isn’t in a humor to be trifled with.”
Five minutes later Jim Rawdon sauntered into the office of Dr.
Musgrave.
The doctor was sitting at his desk. His face was stern and wrathful.
“Where is Bell?” he asked, abruptly.
“I can’t tell you, sir.”
“Wasn’t he with you when my son Simon summoned you to my office?”
“Yes, sir.”
“Then how is it you don’t know where Bell is?”
“I am not his guardian, Dr. Musgrave. We separated, and I did not
trouble myself to see where he went. Hasn’t he been here?”
“No, he hasn’t,” answered the doctor, sharply. “How happens it that you
come so late?”
“Simon didn’t tell me there was any particular hurry.”
“My orders are always to be obeyed at once!”
“Very well, sir.”
“You’d better remember that next time.”
“I am here now. What did you wish to see me about?”
“I understand that you have treated my son Simon with disrespect.”
“Please be more explicit, sir,” said Rawdon, with exasperating coolness.
The doctor bit his lip. He felt that Rawdon was impertinent, though his
language was strictly respectful.
“You interfered between him and Bell.”
“I did. I saw that he was bullying Bell, and I interfered to protect Bell.”
“What business was it of yours?”
 “Sir,” said Rawdon, with dignity, “I am an English boy, and I can’t stand
by and see a younger boy bullied by an older and stronger one.”
“Do you think I will allow you to interfere with my son? If you had any
complaints to make, you should have come to me.”
“There was no time for it.”
“Simon tells me that he asked Bell to go to the village on an errand for
him.”
“Bell had a headache, and was not fit to run errands.”
“You could have told me that.”
“And in the meantime Bell would have been on his way to the village.”
“Hark you, Rawdon! You are taking too much on yourself!”
Jim Rawdon made no reply.
“And if this continues I shall feel compelled to flog you!”
“I think you had better not, Dr. Musgrave,” said Rawdon, in a significant
tone.
“Why not, sir?” demanded the doctor, angrily.
“Because my father won’t permit it. He told me when I came to school
to report to him if you laid your hand on me.”
Dr. Musgrave winced. He had reason to believe that Jim told the truth,
and he knew that he was under obligations to the senior Rawdon, who
might make things uncomfortable.
“I don’t allow any outsider to interfere with my discipline,” he said, “but
I will postpone your case till I have dealt with Bell. You say you don’t know
where he is?”
“No, sir.”
“Have you any idea where he went when he left you?”
“I think he may have gone to his room.”
“Did he understand that I sent for him?”
“I presume so, Dr. Musgrave. I didn’t ask him.”
“You may go to his room and see if he is there. If so, tell him to come
here directly.”
Rawdon left the office.
Outside stood Simon Musgrave.
 “Did my father flog you?” he asked, maliciously.
“You had better ask him.”
“I hope he did.”
“By the way, Simon, have you seen Bell?”
“No.”
“Your father thinks he may be in his room. Will you go and tell him, if
you find him there, that he is to go to the office?”
This was to Simon an agreeable errand, and without asking whether it
was desired by the doctor that he should go, he set off at once.
He returned in a brief space of time, saying:
“I can’t find him.”
“Then you might tell your father; or shall I do so?”
“I’ll go in.”
“I’ve been round to Bell’s room, pa,” he said, “but he isn’t there.”
“Inquire around among the boys if anyone has seen him,” answered the
doctor, frowning.
“Did you flog Rawdon?” asked Simon, eagerly.
“Not yet. Do as I told you.”
Inquiry was made among the pupils, but if anyone had seen Vivian Bell,
no one would give information on the subject.
At length an under-gardener said: “I seen him going off Bolton way. He
had a bundle under his arm. He looked like he was running away.”
“Bell running away!” exclaimed Dr. Musgrave, scandalized. “Why, he
wouldn’t dare to do such a thing!”
“You know best, sir,” said the gardener, humbly.
“If he has run away,” said Dr. Musgrave, setting his teeth, “I’ll half kill
him when I get him back!”
Jim Rawdon was summoned again.
“Rawdon,” said Dr. Musgrave, abruptly, “has Bell ever said anything to
you about running away?”
“Has he run away?” asked Rawdon, innocently, looking immensely
surprised.
“Answer my question, sir.”
 “I can’t say that he has, sir, although he has complained of being badly
treated.”
“No one is badly treated here!” roared the doctor, furiously. “What do
you mean by such an insinuation?”
Jim Rawdon did not seem terrified by the doctor’s angry outburst.
“I am not saying he was ill treated,” he replied, “but——”
“Well?”
“I think he was.”
“You are the most impudent boy I have in my school! How dare you talk
in this way?”
Rawdon merely shrugged his shoulders.
Dr. Musgrave wished he might set off at once in pursuit of the missing
pupil, but he could not break away from his duties.
“I’ll go for him, pa,” volunteered Simon.
“No; I will wait till to-morrow morning, and go myself.”
“But he may get away for good and all!”
“He can’t go far, for he has no money. I am not afraid of losing him.”
 CHAPTER XII

HOW VIVIAN ESCAPED

When Vivian Bell parted from Jim Rawdon he strictly followed the
directions of his schoolmate. He went hurriedly to his room, made up a
bundle of underclothing, and then crossing the grounds in nervous haste,
started on the Bolton Road.
He knew the way, for he had often gone in this direction on holidays,
usually with a company of his schoolfellows.
He had hardly time to consider the importance of the step he was taking.
He was animated by a feverish desire to get as far away as possible from the
school where he was ill treated.
He feared and detested the head master, who, to the best of his
remembrance, had never spoken a kindly word to him.
He would never of his own impulse have dared to run away, but the
stronger will of Jim Rawdon dominated him.
As he hurried along on a rustic road between two delightful hedge-rows,
he looked backward from time to time with nervous apprehension, almost
expecting to see the tall, gaunt figure of Dr. Musgrave following him in hot
pursuit, or the red head and malicious face of his young tormentor, Simon.
But when a mile away he began to feel less apprehension. He was
confident that Rawdon would somehow cover his flight and put the
pursuers off his track.
An unwonted sense of freedom came to him.
“Oh, if I could get away entirely from Dr. Musgrave!” he thought. “I
would be willing to work hard. Perhaps some farmer would engage me. I
would not mind hard work as long as I was well treated.”
It is a very serious thing when a teacher who should be the guardian and
guide of his pupils inspires dread and abhorrence. It is difficult to estimate
how much unhappiness is occasioned by such unprincipled tyrants as Dr.
Peter Musgrave, the head master of Milton School.
 It seems a pity that they could not for a time change places with some of
the pupils they abuse, as is done in the ingenious story, “Vice Versa.”
Vivian had walked about two miles when he was overtaken by the
carrier in his cart.
All the boys of Milton School knew Jack Hunt, who was a good-natured
man of middle age.
“Where are you going, Master Bell?” asked the carrier, slackening his
speed.
Vivian turned round and answered: “Won’t you ever tell, Jack?”
“No, I won’t,” answered Jack, stoutly.
“Then I am running away.”
“You don’t mean it now, Master Bell?” exclaimed Jack, half incredulous.
“Yes, Jack, it’s true.”
“What! Running away from the schoolmaster?”
“Yes, Jack.”
“Then I’ll be danged if I blame thee, lad. He’s a brute, he is.”
“He’s treated me brutally, Jack.”
“But I say, Master Bell, I didn’t think thee had it in thee. Why, I didn’t
think thee had the pluck to run away.”
“I don’t think I would, Jack, if it hadn’t been for Jim Rawdon.”
“Ah, yes, Rawdon. He’s a plucky lad. He wouldn’t let the master flog
him.”
“No, I don’t think Dr. Musgrave ever flogged Rawdon.”
“But he’s flogged thee?”
“Oh, many a time,” answered Vivian, shuddering. “Oh, he has beat me
cruelly.”
“I’d like to get at him,” said Jack, shutting his teeth firmly together. “I’d
like to get at him with a horsewhip, that I would!”
“But Simon is almost as bad.”
“That’s the schoolmaster’s boy. I know that Simon. He’s got an ugly
temper, he has. And he’s impudent, too.”
“Did you ever have any trouble with him, Jack?”
The carrier laughed.
 “He’s had trouble with me,” he answered. “I’ll tell you how it was. I was
drivin’ along one day, just as you see me now, when Simon came up, and,
just out of ugliness, picked up a stone and fired it at my ’orse. Well, I
wouldn’t stand that, you know, so I jumps off my cart and I ran after the
boy whip in hand.”
“Did he run away?”
“No; he stood his ground. He thought I wouldn’t dare to hit him. So
when I said: ‘Why did you go to do that?’ he answered, impudent like:
‘Because I chose.’ With that I took my whip and slashed him about the legs
till he jumped and swore.”
“You lashed Simon Musgrave?” asked Vivian, almost incredulous.
“Yes, I did. Oh, wasn’t he mad, though! He threatened that he would tell
his pa, and have me locked up.”
“I am glad to hear that. It does me good! And you really and truly lashed
Simon?”
“Ask him if I didn’t.”
“I wonder he didn’t tell the doctor.”
“I told him I would have him arrested for stoning my ’orse.”
“I would like to have been there.”
Vivian Bell was far from being a vindictive boy, but it seemed to do him
good to hear that his persistent young persecutor had for once had the same
treatment meted out to him that he had so often inflicted upon others.
“Where are you going, Master Bell?” asked the carrier, with a sudden
thought.
“Rawdon told me I’d better go to Farmer Glover’s, and ask him to take
me in over-night.”
“And a good plan it is; but you’re only half way to Giles Glover’s.”
“I’m not tired, Jack. I shall be able to walk.”
“There’s no need of walking. I’m going all the way there myself. So just
jump up into my cart, Master Bell, and I’ll have you there in a jiffy.”
Vivian was glad to accept this offer, and in a minute he was in the cart,
riding beside Jack, the carrier.
“I am afraid I will get you into trouble, Jack,” said Vivian, after a pause.
 “Never you think of that, Master Bell. You don’t think the doctor’ll be
flogging me, do you, now?” asked the carrier, with a broad grin.
“No; I don’t think he would do that.”
“I would like to see him try it, I would.”
“But he might refuse to employ you.”
“As I am the only carrier hereabouts he wouldn’t do that.”
“Well, you are very kind, Jack.”
“And why wouldn’t I be? I’d help any of the schoolboys. There’s one
thing I’d like to help them in.”
“And what’s that?”
“To flog the schoolmaster. That would be rare fun.”
So Vivian Bell and his good friend the carrier sped along till they came
in sight of the farmhouse occupied by Giles Glover.
It so happened that the farmer himself was out in the yard when the
carrier drove up.
They greeted each other like old friends.
“And whom have you got with you, Jack?” asked the farmer.
“I’ve got a boarder for you, farmer.”
“I don’t understand. Isn’t this one of Dr. Musgrave’s boys?”
“Yes; and he’s run away from school.”
“You don’t say! And what for?”
“Because the doctor has been flogging him almost every day, till he’s
tired of it. Will you take him in for a night?”
“Aye, that I will! But what are you going to do, lad?”
“I will wait here till Jim Rawdon comes. He will advise me.”
“Aye! I know Rawdon. He is a manly boy, Rawdon is.”
“It was he that advised me to run away.”
“But have you any money, lad? You know you can’t get along without
money.”
“Yes, I have a little money. I will pay you for taking me in.”
“No, you won’t, lad! Giles Glover wants no pay from a poor, persecuted
lad. There’s plenty to eat here, and you’re heartily welcome to it. But have
you nothing to live on? Where is your father, lad?”
 “I have no father nor mother.”
“Then who pays your bills?”
“My guardian.”
“Then why don’t you go to him?”
“I can’t. He lives in Bombay. That’s ever so many thousands of miles
off. I have written to him, and I hoped to hear from him before this time.”
“Wouldn’t it have been better to wait?”
“I couldn’t,” said Vivian, wearily. “It is four months since I wrote.”
“But how will you get along?”
“If I can get to London I will go to my guardian’s bankers.”
“Well, I will keep thee at any rate for a night or two, and it sha’n’t cost
thee a penny.”
Soon after Vivian’s arrival he sat down to a plentiful supper. He ate
heartily, and his courage rose. He was surrounded by humble but cordial
friends, and the atmosphere of kindness was as grateful as it was new to
him.
But it would not be long before his place of concealment would be
discovered, and his foes be on his track.
 CHAPTER XIII

DR. MUSGRAVE RECEIVES INFORMATION

It so happened, though Vivian did not know it, that he was seen riding
with Jack the carrier by a boy named Jarvis, connected with Milton School.
Jarvis was a toady to Simon, and strove to ingratiate himself with Dr.
Musgrave by carrying him tales of his schoolmates.
Hidden behind the shrubbery, Jarvis saw the carrier’s cart with Bell as
passenger.
He had been to Bolton to call on an aunt.
On his return to the school he heard of Vivian Bell’s disappearance.
Jarvis congratulated himself on being the first to carry news of his
missing scholar to the head master.
In crossing the campus he fell in with Simon.
“What’s the news, Simon?” he asked.
“Bell has run away!”
“Do you know where he has gone?”
“No; but pa’ll catch him, I’m sure of that. I wouldn’t like to be in his
shoes then, I can tell you!”
“Didn’t anybody see him go?”
“No; I had just told him pa wanted to see him in the office, and I
supposed he would report there. I’ll tell you who knows something about
his going away.”
“Who is it?”
“Rawdon. He was with him, and I feel sure that he put Bell up to running
away.”
“Very likely. Bell’s a milk-and-water chap. He wouldn’t dare to run
away unless someone put him up to it. Have you any idea in what direction
he went?”
“No.”
 “Humph!”
“What do you mean by your mysterious manner. Do you know anything
about his going away?”
“Well, I might have found out something,” answered Jarvis.
“If you know anything it’s your duty to tell me right off,” said Simon,
imperiously.
Jarvis, in general, acquiesced in anything that Simon said, but he was
aware of the importance of the information he had to offer, and chose to get
all the credit himself.
“Why is it my duty to tell you?” he asked.
“So that I may tell pa.”
“It will do just as well if I tell him.”
“No, it won’t. You tell me, and I will go to the office at once and tell pa.”
“There is no need to trouble you, Simon. Whatever there is to tell I can
tell myself.”
“I don’t believe you’ve got anything to tell,” said Simon, cunningly.
“Nothing much, only that I saw Bell when he was running away.”
“Where did you see him?” asked Simon, eagerly.
“That’s what I am ready to tell your father.”
Simon made another attempt to obtain the information, but failing, he
escorted Jarvis to the office of Dr. Musgrave.
“Pa,” he said, bustling in, “there’s some news of Bell.”
“What is it?” asked the master, looking up from the desk.
“Jarvis saw him running away.”
Jarvis, who had followed Simon into the office, now pressed forward.
“Well, Jarvis, what have you to tell?” asked the doctor.
“This afternoon I saw Bell riding over the Bolton Road with Jack Hunt,
the carrier.”
“Ha! that man is in it! I am not surprised. His influence over my pupils is
very demoralizing. He will get into trouble if he is not very careful.”
“Can’t you have him arrested, pa?” said Simon, who had a grievance of
his own against the independent carrier.
 “That depends on his connection with the affair. In what direction was
the carrier going?”
“Toward Bolton, sir.”
“Did he or Bell see you?”
“No, sir. I was hiding behind the hedge.”
“What else did you see?”
“Bell had a bundle with him.”
“Ha! a bundle of clothes, no doubt! What time was this?”
Jarvis mentioned the hour.
“He must have started about the time I told him to go to your office, pa.”
“Probably. Simon, do you know where the carrier lives?”
“Yes, pa.”
“What time does he get back from Bolton?”
“About six o’clock.”
“Very well; go there at that time and ask him to step around to see me.”
“All right, pa.”
This was an errand which Simon enjoyed. He reached the carrier’s house
just as Jack was unharnessing his horse.
“I say, Jack,” he began, “pa wants to see you right off.”
“Does he?” returned the carrier. “You can tell him where I am. If he will
come round here he can see me.”
“He wants to see you at his office.”
“Well, I haven’t time to go there. My supper is waiting for me. Do you
know what he wants to see me about?”
“Yes; it’s about Bell. He was seen riding with you this afternoon.”
“Oh, he was, was he? Did you see him riding with me?”
“No, but Jarvis did; so there’s no use of your denying it.”
“I don’t deny it. Master Bell is always welcome to ride with me, but I
wouldn’t take you on my cart, nor yet that Jarvis.”
“I say, you’d better be careful. Pa ain’t going to have you help his boys
run away.”
“Who’s run away?” asked Jack, innocently.
“Why, Bell, of course. You don’t mean to say you didn’t know it?”
 “Master Bell run away! You don’t mean it! Why should he run away
from such a kind man as your father?”
“Because he was a bad boy. He always disobeyed the rules,” said Simon,
sharply.
“You don’t mean to tell me so! And I thought he was such a good, quiet
boy.”
“Where did you leave him?”
“Where did I leave him? I didn’t leave him anywhere. He left me.”
“Where was it?”
“On the road.”
“Did he tell you where he expected to spend the night?”
“He might, and again he mightn’t. I am so forgetful that I never minds
what’s told me. It just goes into one ear and out of the other.”
Finding he could get no certain information out of the carrier, Simon
started to go, threatening him with arrest for conniving at the escape of
Vivian Bell.
“You don’t really think your pa would have me arrested, do you,
Simon?” asked the carrier, pretending to be very much frightened.
“You just see!”
“You’ll speak a good word for me, won’t you? You see it would be bad
for my business to be arrested.”
“You ought to have thought of that,” said Simon, under the impression
that Jack was weakening. “Your only course is to tell pa all you know about
Bell, and just where he’s gone.”
“I remember now he told me where he was going.”
“Where?” asked Simon, eagerly.
“To London.”
“To London!” repeated Simon, in disgust. “Why, he’d have to walk all
the way!”
“I don’t know anything about that.”
“Why didn’t you turn right round and bring him back to the school? Pa’d
have given you a sixpence.”
“Would he, now?”
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