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Module-3

The document provides an overview of transmission systems in vehicles, detailing manual and automatic transmissions, as well as AWD and 4WD systems. It explains key components such as clutches, gearboxes, torque converters, and differentials, highlighting their functions in power transmission and vehicle performance. Additionally, it covers the importance of various joints and shafts in maintaining drivetrain integrity and efficiency.

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2 views

Module-3

The document provides an overview of transmission systems in vehicles, detailing manual and automatic transmissions, as well as AWD and 4WD systems. It explains key components such as clutches, gearboxes, torque converters, and differentials, highlighting their functions in power transmission and vehicle performance. Additionally, it covers the importance of various joints and shafts in maintaining drivetrain integrity and efficiency.

Uploaded by

jha.ajay431
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Delving into the Powertrain: Transmission Systems and

Beyond
The transmission system is the bridge between the engine's power and the wheels that propel
your car. It allows you to adjust the car's speed and power output for different driving
conditions. Here's a breakdown of the key components and how they work together:

1. Transmission Systems:

There are two main types of transmission systems:

 Manual Transmission: The driver controls gear changes by operating a clutch pedal
and gear shift lever. It offers more driver control but requires practice to operate
smoothly.
 Automatic Transmission: The transmission automatically changes gears based on
engine speed and vehicle load. It provides a smoother driving experience but may be
less fuel-efficient than a manual transmission in some situations.

2. AWD vs. 4WD:

 All-Wheel Drive (AWD): Provides power to all four wheels continuously, enhancing
traction and stability on slippery roads or off-road conditions. Different AWD systems
distribute power differently between the front and rear wheels.
 Four-Wheel Drive (4WD): Typically a manually selectable system that engages all
four wheels for improved traction in challenging terrain. It's not meant for continuous
use on dry pavement as it can cause drivetrain wear.

3. Clutch Types & Construction:

 Friction Clutch: The most common type, it uses friction material to connect and
disconnect the engine from the transmission. When the clutch pedal is pressed, the
clamping force is released, allowing gear changes. Different types of friction
materials offer varying properties for performance and durability.

4. Gearboxes:

 Contain multiple sets of gears with different gear ratios. Higher gear ratios allow for
increased speed at lower engine RPMs, improving fuel efficiency for highway
driving. Lower gear ratios provide more torque multiplication for better acceleration
and hill climbing. The gearbox selects the appropriate gear ratio based on engine
speed and vehicle load.

5. Automatic Transmission:

 Relies on a torque converter (explained below) to transmit power from the engine
instead of a clutch. It uses a planetary gearset that automatically changes gear ratios
based on driving conditions. A hydraulic system with valves and a control unit
manages gear changes.
6. Fluid Flywheel: (Not present in all automatic transmissions)

 Located between the engine and the torque converter, it acts like a flywheel to store
rotational energy. It can improve smoothness during gear changes by reducing engine
RPM fluctuations.

7. Torque Converter:

 A fluid coupling that transmits power from the engine to the transmission. It
multiplies engine torque at low speeds for better acceleration, then acts like a fluid
coupling at higher speeds for smooth operation. It consists of a pump driven by the
engine, a turbine connected to the transmission, and a stator that helps regulate torque
multiplication.

8. Propeller Shaft:

 A rotating shaft that transmits power from the transmission to the differential in rear-
wheel drive (RWD) or all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicles. It may not be present in
front-wheel drive (FWD) vehicles where the engine and transmission are located near
the front wheels.

9. Slip Joints:

 Allow for some axial movement between the driveshaft sections, accommodating
suspension travel and drivetrain misalignment.

10. Universal Joints (U-joints):

 Allow the propeller shaft to rotate through varying angles as the suspension moves up
and down. They are located at the ends of the driveshaft where it connects to the
transmission and differential.

11. Differential:

 Located in the rear axle (or integrated into the transmission in FWD cars), it allows
the two drive wheels to rotate at different speeds while cornering. This is because the
outer wheel needs to travel a greater distance than the inner wheel when making a
turn. The differential distributes torque between the wheels and enables smooth
cornering.

12. Rear Axle:

 The rear axle assembly houses the differential and connects the wheels to the vehicle.
It includes half shafts that transmit power from the differential to the wheels, wheel
bearings that allow the wheels to rotate freely, and brakes to slow down or stop the
wheels.

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