Digital Phase Shifter, 4-Bit,

3.5 - 6.0 GHz

MAPS-010145
Rev. V4
Features Functional Schematic
• 4 Bit Digital Phase Shifter

D1 or SERIN
•

D2 or CLK
360° Coverage with LSB = 22.5°

D3 or LE
• Integrated CMOS Driver

D4
D5
D6
• Serial or Parallel Control VEE VCC
(-5 V) (+5 V)
• Low DC Power Consumption 0.1 µF 24 23 22 21 20 19 0.1 µF
• Minimal Attenuation Variation over Phase Shift 1 18
Range P/S 2
6-Bit
Phase Shifter 17 SEROUT

• 50 Ω Impedance GND 3 16 GND

GND GND
•
4 15
EAR99 RFIN 5
See
Detail 14 RFOUT
• Lead-Free 4 mm 24-Lead PQFN Package GND 6 13 GND

• RoHS* Compliant 7 8 9 10 11 12

• Bidirectional

GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
Applications
• Aerospace & Defense Phase Shifter Detail

• Wireless Networking & Communication... RFIN RFOUT

Description -22.5 deg. -45 deg. -90 deg. -180 deg.

The MAPS-010145 is a GaAs pHEMT 4-bit digital

phase shifter with an integrated CMOS driver in a
4 mm PQFN plastic surface mount package. Step Pin Configuration2
size is 22.5° providing phase shift from 0° to 360° in
22.5° steps. This design has been optimized to
minimize variation in attenuation over the phase shift
range. 1 VEE 13 GND

2 P/S 14 RFOUT
The MAPS-010145 is ideally suited for use where
high phase accuracy with minimum loss variation 3 GND 15 GND
over the phase shift range are required. The 4 mm
PQFN package provides a smaller footprint than is 4 GND 16 GND
typically available for a digital phase shifter with an
internal driver. Typical applications include 5 RFIN 17 SEROUT
communications antennas and phased array radars.
6 GND 18 VCC

7 GND 19 D6

8 GND 20 D5
1
Ordering Information 9 GND 21 D4

Part Number Package 10 GND 22 D3 or LE

MAPS-010145-TR0500 500 piece reel 11 GND 23 D2 or CLK

MAPS-010145-001SMB Sample Test Board 12 GND 24 D1 or SERIN

1. Reference Application Note M513 for reel size information. 2. The exposed pad centered on the package bottom must be
connected to RF, DC and thermal ground.

* Restrictions on Hazardous Substances, compliant to current RoHS EU directive.

1
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For further information and support please visit:

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DC-0007151
 Digital Phase Shifter, 4-Bit,
3.5 - 6.0 GHz
MAPS-010145
Rev. V4

Electrical Specifications:
Freq. = 3.5 - 6.0 GHz, T A = 25°C, Z0 = 50 Ω, VCC = +5.0 V, VEE = -5.0 V

Operating Power 3 3.5 - 6.0 GHz dBm — — +25

Insertion Loss
Any Phase State dB — 5.0 6.5
(Any Phase State)
Attenuation Variation Across All Phase States dB — ±1 —

All Values Relative to Insertion Loss at

RMS Attenuation Error 4 dB — 0.4 —
Reference Phase

RMS Phase Error 4 All Values Relative to Reference Phase deg — 3 —

22.5 Degree Bit ± 1.7
45 Degree Bit ± 1.0
Phase Accuracy 5
90 Degree Bit deg — ± 2.0 —
Relative to Reference Loss State
180 Degree Bit ± 3.5
Sum of All Bits ± 2.5
RF Input 1.8:1
VSWR Ratio — —
RF Output 1.8:1
1 dB Compression Reference State dBm — 27 —

Input IP3 Two-tone inputs up to +5 dBm dBm — 45 —

TRISE, TFALL 10% to 90% RF, 90% to 10% RF ns — 50 —

VCC 3.0 — 5.5

— V
VEE -5.5 -5.0 -3.0

VIL LOW-level input voltage 0.0 0.3 x VCC

V —
VIH HIGH-level input voltage 0.7 x VCC VCC

lIN (Input Control Current) VIN = VCC or GND µA — 1 —

VOH For serial out; IOH = -100 µA VCC - 0.2 —

V —
VOL For serial out; IOL = 100 µA — 0.2

ICC
VCONTROL = VCC or GND µA — — 2
(Quiescent Supply Current)

VEE min to max

IEE mA -1.0 -0.1 —
VIN = VIL or VIH

3. Maximum operating power is the maximum power where the specifications are guaranteed.
4. RMS is calculated across all 15 amplitude or phase states. Refer to application section for further discussion of this method.
5. This phase shifter is guaranteed to have monotonic phase shift.

2
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For further information and support please visit:

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DC-0007151
 Digital Phase Shifter, 4-Bit,
3.5 - 6.0 GHz
MAPS-010145
Rev. V4

Typical Performance Curves

RFIN Return Loss vs. Frequency (All States) RFOUT Return Loss vs. Frequency (All States)
0 0

-5 -5

-10 -10

-15 -15

-20 -20

-25 -25

-30 -30

-35 -35
3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)

RMS Phase Error vs. Frequency5 RMS Amplitude Error vs. Frequency (0 degree state
reference)5
10
1.5

8
1.2

6
0.9

4
0.6

2
0.3

0
3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 0
3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
Frequency (GHz)
Frequency (GHz)

Phase Error (degrees) vs. State Amplitude Error (dB) vs. State
15 2.0
3.5 GHz
1.5 4.0 GHz
10 4.5 GHz
5.0 GHz
1.0 5.5 GHz
6.0 GHz
5
0.5

0 0.0

-0.5
-5 3.5 GHz
4.0 GHz -1.0
4.5 GHz
-10 5.0 GHz
5.5 GHz -1.5
6.0 GHz
-15 -2.0
0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360
State (deg) State
3
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DC-0007151
 Digital Phase Shifter, 4-Bit,
3.5 - 6.0 GHz
MAPS-010145
Rev. V4

Typical Performance Curves

Amplitude Variation vs. Phase State Phase Shift vs. Frequency (Major States)

0 0

-45
-2 -90

-135
-4 -180

-225
-6
-270

-315
-8
-360

-10 -405
3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)
22.5° 90° 157.5° 225° 292.5°
45° 112.5° 180° 247.5° 315°
67.5° 135° 205.5° 270° 337.5°

Absolute Maximum Ratings6,7 Sample Board Header Pin Labels8

Input Power
27 dBm
3.5 - 6.0 GHz
VCC -0.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ +7.0 V
VEE -7.0 V ≤ VEE ≤ +0.5 V
D1-D4, P/S, LE, CLK or
-0.5 V ≤ VIN ≤ VCC + 0.5 V
SER IN
SER OUT -0.5 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VCC + 0.5 V
Operating Temperature -40ºC to +85ºC
Storage Temperature -65ºC to +150ºC
6. Exceeding any one or combination of these limits may cause
permanent damage to this device.
7. MACOM does not recommend sustained operation near these
survivability limits.
8. Sample board CAD files available by request.

Handling Procedures
Please observe the following precautions to avoid
damage:

Static Sensitivity
Gallium Arsenide and Silicon Integrated Circuits are
sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD) and can
be damaged by static electricity. Proper ESD
control techniques should be used when handling
4 these devices.
MACOM Technology Solutions Inc. (MACOM) and its affiliates reserve the right to make changes to the product(s) or information contained herein without notice.
Visit www.macom.com for additional data sheets and product information.

For further information and support please visit:

https://www.macom.com/support
DC-0007151
 Digital Phase Shifter, 4-Bit,
3.5 - 6.0 GHz
MAPS-010145
Rev. V4

Modes of Operation:
Serial and Direct Parallel

Serial Mode Mode Truth Table9,10

The serial control interface (SERIN, CLK, LE,
SEROUT) is compatible with the SPI protocol. SPI
mode is activated when P/S is kept high. The 6-bit 1 X Serial
serial word must be loaded with the MSB first. After 0 N/A Direct Parallel
shifting in the 6 bit word, a rising edge on LE will set
the phase shifter to the desired state. While LE is 9. There are two dummy bits (D1 & D2), that must be sent in
the serial mode. This is because the 4 bit phase shifter uses
high the CLK is masked to protect the data while the same driver as the 6 bit phase shifter.
implementing the change. SEROUT is SERIN 10. In the parallel mode, D1 and D2 should be tied to ground or to
delayed by 6 clock cycles. VCC.

When P/S is low, the serial control interface is Truth Table (Digital Phase Shifter)11
disabled. When P/S is set high, Pins 22, 23, and 24
have the LE, CLK, and SER IN function.
0 0 0 0 X X Reference Phase
In serial mode operation, the outputs will stay
constant while LE is kept low. 0 0 0 1 X X 22.5°
0 0 1 0 X X 45°
0 1 0 0 X X 90°
Direct Parallel Mode 1 0 0 0 X X 180°
The parallel mode is enabled when P/S is set low. In 1 1 1 1 X X 337.5°
the direct parallel mode, the phase shifter is
11. 0 = CMOS Low; 1 = CMOS High, X is CMOS Low or High.
controlled by the parallel control inputs directly.
When P/S is set low, Pins 22, 23, and 24 have the
D3, D2, and D1 function.

Serial Interface Timing Characteristics

tSCK Min. Serial Clock Period 100 100 100 ns

tCS Min. Control Set-up Time 20 20 20 ns

tCH Min. Control Hold Time 20 20 20 ns

tLS Min. LE Set-up Time 10 10 10 ns

tLEW Min. LE Pulse Width 10 10 10 ns

tLH Min. Serial Clock Hold Time from LE 10 10 10 ns

tLES Min. LE Pulse Spacing 630 630 630 ns

5
MACOM Technology Solutions Inc. (MACOM) and its affiliates reserve the right to make changes to the product(s) or information contained herein without notice.
Visit www.macom.com for additional data sheets and product information.

For further information and support please visit:

https://www.macom.com/support
DC-0007151
 Digital Phase Shifter, 4-Bit,
3.5 - 6.0 GHz
MAPS-010145
Rev. V4

Functionality
Modes of Operation: Serial and Direct Parallel

Serial Input Interface Timing Diagram

tLS tLEW tLH

SERIAL
CLK

LE
tLES
CONTROL D5
D4 D1
D0
MSB LSB
WORD
tCS tCH

Lead Free 4 mm 24-Lead PQFN †

†
Reference Application Note S2083 for lead-free solder reflow recommendations.
Meets JEDEC moisture sensitivity level 1 requirements.
Plating is 100% matte tin over copper.
6
MACOM Technology Solutions Inc. (MACOM) and its affiliates reserve the right to make changes to the product(s) or information contained herein without notice.
Visit www.macom.com for additional data sheets and product information.

For further information and support please visit:

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DC-0007151
 Digital Phase Shifter, 4-Bit,
3.5 - 6.0 GHz
MAPS-010145
Rev. V4

Application Section
Phase shifters such as this product are bidirectional. All prior data in the datasheet shows S(2,1), but the following
pages illustrate typical S(1,2) performance.

By inspection of the posted S-Parameters, one can observe that this device will work bidirectionally. Considering
the MMIC topology, this is an expected feature.

Insertion Loss (S12), All States

Insertion Loss (S21), All States

7
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DC-0007151
 Digital Phase Shifter, 4-Bit,
3.5 - 6.0 GHz
MAPS-010145
Rev. V4

Application Section

Below is a comparison of unwrapped, normalized phase in both directions.

Insertion Phase (S21), All States

Insertion Phase (S12), All State

8
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DC-0007151
 Digital Phase Shifter, 4-Bit,
3.5 - 6.0 GHz
MAPS-010145
Rev. V4

Application Section

To be complete in reviewing phase shifter performance in both directions, error metrics should be discussed.

With phase shifters, both phase and amplitude error are described. Amplitude error describes the state-to-state
amplitude variation. Phase error describes the delta-from ideal phase observed in each state.

Amplitude error can be calculated in two ways. The first is with respect to the 0° or reference state. This can be
called cross-error. Another, and perhaps more widely accepted method for calculating amplitude error, is to com-
pare it by frequency to the mean amplitude of all the states as is calculated here. [1]

Amplitude Error (dB) vs. State (S12)

While the above shows amplitude error at particular frequencies vs phase shifter state, another common way to
look at this parameter is error vs frequency.

Amplitude Error Compared to Average Amplitude (S12)

9
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Visit www.macom.com for additional data sheets and product information.

For further information and support please visit:

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DC-0007151
 Digital Phase Shifter, 4-Bit,
3.5 - 6.0 GHz
MAPS-010145
Rev. V4

Application Section

Phase error is calculated as the difference between the requested or ideal phase and actual insertion phase. For
example, if 22.5° of shift is desired, and 23.5° is observed, the delta, or error, is 1°.

Phase Error (°) vs. State (S12)

Phase Error (°) vs. Frequency as shown below:

Phase Error compared to ideal (S12)

Following many traces, trying to consider how that will impact a system is difficult. A simpler method is adopted:
RMS Error. It is important to use the right convention when applying an RMS calculation to phase shifter insertion
phase. We compare the raw errors with the mean (error) below.

If we use only the raw phase errors in an RMS error calculation the result will be pessimistic. This is because the
average of the phase errors is not typically zero. Ignoring the mean error would result in an RMS Error that differs
depending on chosen reference state. [1]

[1]
10
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Visit www.macom.com for additional data sheets and product information.

For further information and support please visit:

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DC-0007151
 Digital Phase Shifter, 4-Bit,
3.5 - 6.0 GHz
MAPS-010145
Rev. V4

Application Section

This graph shows RMS Phase Error in both directions. The traces overlay.

RMS
RMS Phase
Phase Error
Error (S21 (S21 & S12)
and S12)
4.5
4
3.5
3
Degrees

2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Frequency (GHz)

RMS Phase Error (S12) (dB) RMS Phase Error (S21) (dB)

For RMS Error applied to amplitude, both methods are shown below. One method derives error vs the reference
(0°) state, and the other method calculates error vs the mean insertion loss. Forward and reverse conditions
overlay.

RMS Amplitude Error Referencing the Average & the 0°States (S21 & S12)

References:

[1] “RMS Phase & Amplitude Calculation for Phase-shifters”, 10-12-2008 T.Fattorini, MACOM DesignGuide
11
MACOM Technology Solutions Inc. (MACOM) and its affiliates reserve the right to make changes to the product(s) or information contained herein without notice.
Visit www.macom.com for additional data sheets and product information.

For further information and support please visit:

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DC-0007151
 Digital Phase Shifter, 4-Bit,
3.5 - 6.0 GHz
MAPS-010145
Rev. V4

MACOM Technology Solutions Inc. (“MACOM”). All rights reserved.

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used for informational purposes only. Except as provided in its Terms and Conditions of Sale or any separate
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materials; (ii) failure to update these materials; or (iii) conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to
specifications and product descriptions, which MACOM may make at any time, without notice. These materials
grant no license, express or implied, to any intellectual property rights.

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RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF MACOM PRODUCTS INCLUDING FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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RESULT FROM USE OF THESE MATERIALS.

MACOM products are not intended for use in medical, lifesaving or life sustaining applications. MACOM
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indemnify MACOM for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale.

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MACOM Technology Solutions Inc. (MACOM) and its affiliates reserve the right to make changes to the product(s) or information contained herein without notice.
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DC-0007151