Planets of the solar system

 Mercury
 Venus
 Earth
 Mars
 Jupiter
 Saturn
 Uranus
 Neptune

The sun, eight planets (including Pluto, which is a dwarf planet), and satellites make up the solar

system. The inner solar system is made up of the sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, whereas

the outer solar system is made up of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Between Mars and

Jupiter’s orbits is where the asteroid belt lies. Asteroids, comets, dust, tiny planets, and gases are

among the other objects that can be found in space. The sun is the largest star in the solar system,

located at the centre of the system, around which all the eight planets revolve. Planets rotate in their

own axes and follow their own orbits around the sun. The rotation of the planets in their own axes

causes the change of day and night, and the revolution causes the change of seasons throughout

the year. Research about the universe is still a vast ongoing process, but different scientists and

researchers have come to various conclusions about the solar system. It has been found that the

solar system lies in the Milky way Galaxy. The Milky way galaxy got its name from the Romans, who

thought the earth’s nighttime skyline looked like a band and a patch of milk. As per our little

knowledge, we know that there are about 500 solar systems in the universe, but later, there might

be some additions. As per scientists and astronomers, the earth is the only planetary body where

life can exist, but this can be proven wrong after more research and discoveries about the universe.
 1. MERCURY

Mercury is the first planet from the Sun and the smallest in the Solar System. It is a terrestrial planet with a
heavily cratered surface due to overlapping impact events. These features are well preserved since the planet
has no geological activity and an extremely tenuous atmosphere called an exosphere. Despite being the
smallest planet in the Solar System with a mean diameter of 4,880 km (3,030 mi), 38% of that of Earth, Mercury
is dense enough to have roughly the same surface gravity as Mars. Mercury has a dynamic magnetic field with a
strength about 1% of that of Earth's and has no natural satellites.

According to current models, Mercury may have a solid silicate crust and mantle overlying a solid outer core, a
deeper liquid core layer, and a solid inner core. Having almost no atmosphere to retain heat, Mercury has
surface temperatures that change wildly during the day, ranging from 100 K (−173 °C; −280 °F) at night to 700 K
(427 °C; 800 °F) during sunlight across the equator regions. At Mercury's poles there are large reservoirs of
water ices that are never exposed to direct sunlight, which has an estimated mass of about 0.025–0.25%
the Antarctic ice sheet. There are many competing hypotheses about Mercury's origins and development, some
of which incorporate collision with planetesimal and rock vaporization.

2. VENUS

Venus is the second planet from the Sun. Venus is the only planet in the Solar System that has a day longer
than a year. The year length of Venus is 225 Earth days. The day length of Venus is 243 Earth days. Venus is
a terrestrial planet because it has a solid, rocky surface like other planets in the inner Solar System.
Astronomers have known Venus for thousands of years. The ancient Romans named it after
their goddess Venus, goddess of love and beauty.

Venus is the brightest thing in the night sky except for the Moon. It is sometimes called the morning star or
the evening star as at some elongations it is easily seen just before the sun comes up in the morning. At other
times, it can be seen just after the sun goes down in the evening. Venus comes closer to the Earth than any
other planet does. Venus is sometimes called the sister planet of Earth as they are quite similar in size
and gravity. In other ways the planets are very different. Venus' atmosphere (air) is mostly carbon dioxide with
clouds of sulphuric acid. Sulphuric acid is a chemical that is poisonous to life. For this it is sometimes known as
the Earth's "evil twin".

3. EARTH

Earth is the third planet from the Sun in the Solar System. It is the only planet known to have life on it. The
Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. It is one of four rocky planets on the inner side of the Solar System.
The other three are Mercury, Venus, and Mars. The large mass of the Sun keeps the Earth in orbit through the
force of gravity. Earth also turns around in space, so that different parts face the Sun at different times. Earth
goes around the Sun once (one year) for every 3651⁄4 times it turns around (one day).

Earth is the only planet in the Solar System that has a large amount of liquid water on its surface. About 74% of
the surface of Earth is covered by liquid or frozen water.[] Because of this, people sometimes call it the blue
planet. Because of its water, Earth is home to millions of species of plants and animals which need water to
survive. The things that live on Earth have changed its surface greatly. For example, early cyan
bacteria changed the air and gave it oxygen. The living part of Earth's surface is called the
 4. MARS

 Mars is the fourth planet and the furthest terrestrial planet from the Sun. The reddish color of its
surface is due to finely grained iron(III) oxide dust in the soil, giving it the nickname "the Red
Planet". Mars's radius is second smallest among the planets in the Solar System at 3,389.5 km
(2,106 mi). The Martian dichotomy is visible on the surface: on average, the terrain on Mars's northern
hemisphere is flatter and lower than its southern hemisphere. Mars has a thin atmosphere made
primarily of carbon dioxide, and two irregularly shaped natural satellites, Phobos and Deimos.

Geologically, Mars is fairly active, with dust devils sweeping across the landscape and marsquakes (Martian
analog to earthquakes) trembling underneath the ground. The surface of Mars hosts a large shield
volcano (Olympus Mons) and one of the largest canyons in the Solar System (Valles Marineris). Mars's
significant orbital eccentricity and axial tilt cause large seasonal changes to the polar ice caps' coverage and
temperature swings between −110 °C (−166 °F) to 35 °C (95 °F) on the surface. A Martian solar day (sol) is
equal to 24.5 hours and a Martian solar year is equal to 1.88 Earth years.

5. JUPITER

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass more
than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined, and slightly less than one
one-thousandth the mass of the Sun. Jupiter orbits the Sun at a distance of 5.20 AU (778.5 Gm) with an orbital
period of 11.86 years. Jupiter is the third brightest natural object in the Earth's night sky after
the Moon and Venus, and it has been observed since prehistoric times. It was named after Jupiter, the chief
deity of ancient Roman religion.

Jupiter was the first planet to form, and its inward migration during the primordial Solar System impacted much
of the formation history of the other planets. Jupiter is primarily composed of hydrogen (90% by volume),
followed by helium, which makes up a quarter of its mass and a tenth of its volume. The ongoing contraction of
Jupiter's interior generates more heat than the planet receives from the Sun. Its internal structure is believed to
comprise an outer mantle of liquid metallic hydrogen, and a diffuse inner core of denser material. Because of its
rapid rotation rate of 1 rotation per 10 hours, Jupiter's shape is an oblate spheroid: it has a slight but noticeable
bulge around the equator. The outer atmosphere is divided into a series of latitudinal bands, with turbulence and
storms along their interacting boundaries. The most obvious result of this is the Great Red Spot, a giant storm
which has been observed since 1831 and possibly earlier.

6. SATURN

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. It is a gas
giant with an average radius of about nine-and-a-half times that of Earth. It has only one-eighth the average
density of Earth, but is over 95 times more massive.

Saturn's interior is thought to be composed of a rocky core, surrounded by a deep layer of metallic hydrogen, an
intermediate layer of liquid hydrogen and liquid helium, and finally, a gaseous outer layer. Saturn has a pale
yellow hue due to ammonia crystals in its upper atmosphere. An electrical current within the metallic hydrogen
layer is thought to give rise to Saturn's planetary magnetic field, which is weaker than Earth's, but which has
a magnetic moment 580 times that of Earth due to Saturn's larger size. Saturn's magnetic field strength is
around one-twentieth of Jupiter's. The outer atmosphere is generally bland and lacking in contrast, although
long-lived features can appear. Wind speeds on Saturn can reach 1,800 kilometres per hour (1,100 miles per
hour).
 7. URANUS

Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. It is a gaseous cyan-colored ice giant. Most of the planet is made
of water, ammonia, and methane in a supercritical phase of matter, which in astronomy is called 'ice'
or volatiles. The planet's atmosphere has a complex layered cloud structure and has the lowest minimum
temperature of 49 K (−224 °C; −371 °F) out of all the Solar System's planets. It has a marked axial tilt of 82.23°
with a retrograde rotation rate of 17 hours. This means that in an 84-Earth-year orbital period around the Sun, its
poles get around 42 years of continuous sunlight, followed by 42 years of continuous darkness.

Uranus has the third-largest diameter and fourth-largest mass among the Solar System's planets. Based on
current models, inside its volatile mantle layer is a rocky core, and surrounding it is a
thick hydrogen and helium atmosphere. Trace amounts of hydrocarbons (thought to be produced via hydrolysis)
and carbon monoxide along with carbon dioxide (thought to have been originated from comets) have been
detected in the upper atmosphere. There are many unexplained climate phenomena in Uranus's atmosphere,
such as its peak wind speed of 900 km/h (560 mph), variations in its polar cap and its erratic cloud formation.
The planet also has very low internal heat compared to other giant planets, which is still unexplained.

8. NEPTUNE

Neptune is the eighth and farthest planet from the Sun in the Solar System. It is an ice giant. It is the fourth-
largest planet in the system. Neptune's mass is 17 times Earth's mass and a little bit more than Uranus' mass.
Neptune is denser and smaller than Uranus. Because of its greater mass, Neptune's gravity makes
its atmosphere smaller and denser.

It was named after the Roman god of the sea, Neptune. Neptune's astronomical symbol is ♆, the trident of the
god Neptune. Neptune's atmosphere is mostly hydrogen and helium. It also contains small amounts
of methane which makes the planet appear blue. Neptune's blue color is much darker than the color of Uranus.
Neptune also has the strongest winds of any planet in the Solar System, as high as 2,100 km/h or 1,300 mph.

Urbain Le Verrier and John Couch Adams were the astronomers who discovered Neptune. Neptune was not
discovered using a telescope. It was the first planet to be discovered using mathematics. In 1821, astronomers
saw that Uranus' orbit was different from what they expected. Another nearby planet's mass was changing
Uranus' orbit. They found Neptune was the cause.