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Phy Project

The document provides an overview of prisms, defining them as three-dimensional solids with identical polygonal bases and categorizing them into regular and irregular types. It specifically details triangular prisms, including their properties, volume, and surface area formulas, as well as an experimental procedure to determine the refractive indices of liquids using a hollow prism. The document concludes with a bibliography of sources for further reference.

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7 views12 pages

Phy Project

The document provides an overview of prisms, defining them as three-dimensional solids with identical polygonal bases and categorizing them into regular and irregular types. It specifically details triangular prisms, including their properties, volume, and surface area formulas, as well as an experimental procedure to determine the refractive indices of liquids using a hollow prism. The document concludes with a bibliography of sources for further reference.

Uploaded by

abikalai1109
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDEX

S.NO DESCRIPTION PAGE


NO
1 INTRODUCTION

2 PRISM

3 TYPES OF PRISM

4 EXPERIMENT

5 BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
PRISM
A prism is a three-dimensional solid which has identical faces
at both ends. The other faces are flats. A prism is named after its base.
Therefore, there are different types of prisms named on the basis of
the shape of their bases. Let us explore more about the world of
prisms.
Prism is an important member of the polyhedron family that
has congruent polygons at the base and top. The other faces of a prism
are called lateral faces. It means that a prism does not have a curved
face. A prism has the same cross-section all along its length. The
prisms are named depending upon their cross-sections. A metallic nut
is the best example to represent hexagonal prism, fish aquarium
represents rectangular prism and many more such live appliances in
our surroundings represent the prisms.
Types of Prisms:

Depending upon the cross-sections, the prisms are named. It is of two


types, namely;

 Regular Prism
 Irregular Prism

Regular Prism
If the bases of the prism are in the shape of a regular polygon, it is
called regular prism.
Irregular Prism
If the bases are in the shape of an irregular polygon, then the prism is
called an irregular prism.

Prism Based on Shape of Bases


Based on the shape of the bases, it is further categorised into different
types, namely;

 Triangular prism (has triangular bases)


 Square prism (has square bases)
 Rectangular prism (has rectangular bases)
 Pentagonal prism (has pentagonal bases)
 Hexagonal prism (has hexagonal bases)

TRIANGULAR PRISM
A triangular prism is a polyhedron made up of two triangular
bases and three rectangular sides. It is a three-dimensional shape that
has three side faces and two base faces, connected to each other
through the edges. If the sides are rectangular, then it is called the
right triangular prism else it is said to be an oblique triangular prism.
If the bases are equilateral and sides are squares, then it is called a
uniform or regular triangular prism. Like other Prisms, the two bases
here are parallel and congruent to each other. In total, it has 5 faces, 6
vertices and 9 edges.
Triangular Prism is a pentahedran and has nine distinct nets.
The edges and vertices of the bases are joined with each other via
three rectangular sides. The sides of the triangular prism, which are
rectangular in shape are joint with each other side by side.
A triangular pyramid has four triangular bases unlike the triangular
prism, joined with each other and all are congruent to each other.

PROPERTIES OF TRIANGULAR PRISM

 It has a total of 9 edges, 5 faces, and 6 vertices (which are


joined by the rectangular faces).
 It has two triangular bases and three rectangular sides
 If the triangular bases are equilateral and the other faces are
squares, instead of a rectangle, then the triangular prism is said
to be semi-regular.

RIGHT TRIANGULAR PRISM


A right triangular prism has its three rectangular sides congruent.
Also, the two triangular bases are parallel and congruent to each
other. The rectangular or lateral faces are perpendicular to the
triangular bases.

Volume of Triangular Prism


The volume of a triangular prism is equal to the product of the
triangular base area and the height of the prism. The formula to find
the volume of triangular prism is given by:
Volume = Area of the Base × Height of prism

Since, the base is in triangular shape, therefore,


Area = ½ b h
Hence,
Volume of Triangular Prism = ½ × b × h × l

Where b is the base length, h is the height of the triangle and l is the
length between the triangular bases.

Surface Area of Triangular Prism


Surface area of triangular prism is equal to the sum of the lateral
surface area and twice the base area of the triangular prism. It is
measured in square units. The formula of surface area of triangular
prism is given by:

Surface area of triangular prism = 2A + PH

Where,

A is the area of the triangular bases,


 P is the perimeter of the bases and

 H is the height of the prism

Now, Area of the triangular base= ½ × b × h


If a, b and c are the sides of the triangular bases, then,
Perimeter of the base = a + b + c
Therefore,
Surface area of triangular prism = 2 (½ × b × h) + (a + b + c)H
Surface Area of the Triangular Prism = ( bh + (a + b + c)H)

Where b and h is the base and height of the bases, respectively and H
is the height of the prism.
Triangular Prism Net
If we open each face of the triangular prism, we will get the net. The
net of this prism comprises three rectangles and two triangles. In the
below figure you can see the nine distinct nets.
Aim:
To find out the refractive indices of different liquids using a
hollow prism.

Apparatus Required:

 Hollow glass prism


 Water and acetone
 Bell pins
 Drawing board

Indroduction:

A prism is a transparent
optical element with flat,
polished surfaces that
refract light. Prisms can be
made from any material that
is transparent including glass,
plastic and fluorite. A prism
can be used to break light up
into its constituent spectral colors. Prisms can also be used to reflect
light, or to split light into components with different polarizations.
The refractive index of the liquid is given by the formula:
U= sin i /sin r = sin((a + d) /2)/ sin(a/2)
Where,
U=refractive index of the liquid.
a= the angle of minimum deviation
d=angle of prism
i=angle of incidence
r=angle of refraction

Procedure :

 Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board


with help
of drawing pins.

 Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.

 Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.

 Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the


normal
PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the
straight
line.

 Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on


the
marked outline ABC.

 Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so


that all
the 4 pins appear to be in same line.

 Remove the prism and draw the line joining the


points so
obtained.
 Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.

 Repeat this with different liquids and different angle


of
Incidence.
Observation:
 Water
S.n aº(angle i º (angle of d º (angle
o of prism) incidence) of
deviation)
1
2
3
4
5
6

U=sin(( + )/ )/sin( )
=
 Ethyl alcohol

S.n aº(angle i º (angle of d º (angle


o of prism) incidence) of
deviation)
1
2
3
4
5
6
U=sin(( + )/ )/sin( )
=
Result:
Refractive index at room temperature:
 Water
Actual:
Experimental:

 Ethyl alcohol
Actual:
Experimental:

Precautions:

 Angle of incidence should lie between 35-60 degree.


 Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in
same line.
 Distance b/w two points should not be less than
10mm.
 Same angle of prism should be used for all
observation.
 Arrow head should be marked to represent
emergent and
incident ray.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:

 Wikipedia.org
 Google.com
 Physicsforlife.com
 Earthphysics.com

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