Capítulo 3

Ficha 3

3.1 Exercícios: derivadas

1. Calcule f 0 (x), sem usar a regra de derivação do quociente:

15x3 + 6x2 − 3x + 2 2x − 3
(a) f (x) = (c) f (x) =
3 3x2
3
x 3 x +x−3
(b) f (x) = 7x − + 3 (d) f (x) =
4 x 2x
x−2 x 2
Sugestão: recorra a técnicas semelhantes a = − = x−1 − 2x−2 .
x2 x2 x2
2. Escreva cada função na forma f (x) = k · [u(x)]r e use a regra de derivação da
potência para calcular f 0 (x):
1 2
(a) f (x) = (c) f (x) = √
(2x − 1)2 3
x3− x2
√ 10
(b) f (x) = x2 − 3x (d) f (x) = 2
x −3
dy
3. Calcule usando a regra de derivação do produto:
dx
(a) y = (x2 + 3x − 5) · (x4 − x2 + 1) (c) y = x2 · (x2 − 2x)4
√ √
(b) y = x · (2x + 1)3 (d) y = (x − x2 )3 · x2 + 1

dy
4. Calcule usando a regra de derivação do quociente:
dx
x2 + 1 x3
(a) y = (c) y =
2x − 5 (x − x2 )4
√
x x
(b) y = (d) y = √
1 − 3x 1 − 3x

5. Dena (f ◦ g) (x) = f [ g(x) ], determine o seu domínio e use a regra de derivação

da função composta para calcular (f ◦ g)0 (x):

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 √
(a) f (y) = y 2 e g(x) = 2x + 7 (c) f (x) = x e g(x) = 3 − 4x
√
(b) f (y) = 2y + 7 e g(x) = x2 (d) f (x) = 3 − 4x e g(x) = x

6. Calcule f 0 (x) e f 00 (x):

(a) f (x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − x + 5 (c) f (x) = (x2 − 3x)3

2 − 3x 1
(b) f (x) = (d) f (x) = x2 − x +
x2 1−x

3.2 Resoluções propostas

1. (a)
0  0
15x3 + 6x2 − 3x + 2 15x3 6x2 3x 2

0
f (x) = = + − +
3 3 3 3 3
 0
2
= 5x3 + 2x2 − x + = 15x2 + 4x − 1
3

(b)
 0  0
0 x 3 1 −3 1
f (x) = 7x − + 3 = 7x − x + 3x = 7 − − 9x−4
4 x 4 4

(c)
 0  0  0
0 2x − 3 2x 3 2 −1
f (x) = = − 2 = x − x−2
3x2 3x 2 3x 3
2 2
= (−1)x−2 − (−2)x−3 = − x−2 + 2x−3
3 3
(d)
0  3 0
x3 + x − 3

0 x x 3
f (x) = = + −
2x 2x 2x 2x
 0
1 2 1 3 −1 3 3
= x + − x = x + 0 − (−1)x−2 = x + x−2
2 2 2 2 2

2. (a)
f (x) = (2x − 1)−2 ⇒ f 0 (x) = (−2)(2x − 1)−3 (2)
(b)
1
f (x) = (x2 − 3x)1/2 ⇒ f 0 (x) = (x2 − 3x)−1/2 (2x − 3)
2
(c)
 
2 −1/3 0 1
f (x) = 2(x − x ) 3
⇒ f (x) = 2 − (x3 − x2 )−4/3 (3x2 − 2x)
3

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 (d)
f (x) = 10(x2 − 3)−1 ⇒ f 0 (x) = 10(−1)(x2 − 3)−2 (2x)

3. (a)
dy
= (x2 + 3x − 5)0 · (x4 − x2 + 1) + (x2 + 3x − 5) · (x4 − x2 + 1)0
dx
= (2x + 3) · (x4 − x2 + 1) + (x2 + 3x − 5) · (4x3 − 2x)

(b)
dy
0
0
= x1/2 · (2x + 1)3 + x1/2 · (2x + 1)3
dx
1 −1/2
= x · (2x + 1)3 + x1/2 · 3(2x + 1)2 (2)
2
(c)
dy
0
= (x2 )0 · (x2 − 2x)4 + x2 · (x2 − 2x)4
dx
= 2x · (x2 − 2x)4 + x2 · 4(x2 − 2x)3 (2x − 2)

(d)
dy
0
0
= (x − x2 )3 · (x2 + 1)1/2 + (x − x2 )3 · (x2 + 1)1/2
dx
1
= 3(x − x2 )2 (1 − 2x) · (x2 + 1)1/2 + (x − x2 )3 · (x2 + 1)−1/2 (2x)
2

4. (a)
dy (x2 + 1)0 · (2x − 5) − (x2 + 1) · (2x − 5)0
=
dx (2x − 5)2
2x · (2x − 5) − (x2 + 1) · 2
=
(2x − 5)2

(b)

0
dy x1/2 · (1 − 3x) − x1/2 · (1 − 3x)0
=
dx (1 − 3x)2
1 −1/2
2
x · (1 − 3x) − x1/2 · (−3)
=
(1 − 3x)2

(c)
0 0
dy (x3 ) · (x − x2 )4 − x3 · [(x − x2 )4 ]
=
dx [(x − x2 )4 ]2
3x2 · (x − x2 )4 − x3 · 4(x − x2 )3 (1 − 2x)
=
(x − x2 )8

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 (d)
0
(x)0 · (1 − 3x)1/2 − x · (1 − 3x)1/2

dy
= 2
dx [(1 − 3x)1/2 ]
1 · (1 − 3x)1/2 − x · 12 (1 − 3x)−1/2 (−3)
=
1 − 3x

5. (a) f (y) = y 2 e g(x) = 2x + 7

(f ◦ g) (x) = f [g(x)] = f [2x + 7] = (2x + 7)2

O domínio de f ◦ g é R. f 0 (y) = 2y e g 0 (x) = 2, logo:

(f ◦ g)0 (x) = f 0 [g(x)] · g 0 (x) = f 0 [2x + 7] · g 0 (x) = 2(2x + 7) · 2

(b) f (y) = 2y + 7 e g(x) = x2

(f ◦ g) (x) = f [g(x)] = f x2 = 2x2 + 7
 

O domínio de f ◦ g é R. f 0 (y) = 2 e g 0 (x) = 2x ,logo

(f ◦ g)0 (x) = f 0 [g(x)] · g 0 (x) = f 0 x2 · g 0 (x) = 2 · 2x
 

√
(c) f (x) = x e g(x) = 3 − 4x
√
(f ◦ g) (x) = f [g(x)] = f [3 − 4x] = 3 − 4x
 
3
O domínio de f ◦ g é {x ∈ R : 3 − 4x ≥ 0} = −∞, .
4
1
f 0 (x) = x−1/2 e g 0 (x) = −4 , logo
2
1
(f ◦ g)0 (x) = f 0 [g(x)] · g 0 (x) = f 0 [3 − 4x] · g 0 (x) = (3 − 4x)−1/2 · (−4)
2
√
(d) f (x) = 3 − 4x e g(x) = x
√  √
(f ◦ g) (x) = f [g(x)] = f x =3−4 x

0.
O domínio de f ◦ g é R+
1
f 0 (x) = −4 e g 0 (x) = x−1/2 , logo
2
1
(f ◦ g)0 (x) = f 0 [g(x)] · g 0 (x) = f 0
√  0
x · g (x) = −4 · x−1/2
2
6. (a)

0
f 0 (x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − x + 5 = 6x2 − 6x

0
f 00 (x) = 6x2 − 6x = 12x − 6

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(b)
 0
0 2 − 3x
0
f (x) = = 2x−2 − 3x−1 = −4x−3 + 3x−2
x2

0
f 00 (x) = −4x−3 + 3x−2 = 12x−4 − 6x−3

(c)
0
f 0 (x) =
 2
(x − 3x)3 = 3(x2 − 3x)2 (2x − 3)
0  
f 00 (x) = 3(x2 − 3x)2 (2x − 3) = 3 2(x2 − 3x)(2x − 3) · (2x − 3) + (x2 − 3x)2 · 2


= 6(x2 − 3x)(2x − 3)2 + 6(x2 − 3x)2

(d)
0
f 0 (x) = x − x + (1 − x)−1 = 2x − 1 − (1 − x)−2 (−1)
 2
0
f 00 (x) = 2x − 1 + (1 − x)−2 = 2 − 2(1 − x)−3 (−1)


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