Name: Date:

Functions
Objective
In this lesson, you will use a function to model and analyze a relationship between two
quantities.

Function: a relation between two variables in which

Function Representations
The value of the independent
Independent variable: a quantity that
variable is called the
and may determine the value of other variables

Dependent variable: a quantity that changes in response to changes The value of the dependent
in variable is called the

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In this function, the independent variable is , t, and the dependent variable is

, h. In notation, the height is represented as ℎ(𝑡𝑡).

Guided Notes: Functions 1

 If 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟔𝟔, find 𝒇𝒇(𝟔𝟔). If 𝒈𝒈(𝒙𝒙) = −𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒, find 𝒙𝒙.

Consider these functions. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −9𝑥𝑥 + 14 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = −3𝑥𝑥 2

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −9𝑥𝑥 + 14 𝑓𝑓(6) = −9( ) + 14 = −3𝑥𝑥 2

= +14 = 𝑥𝑥 2
𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = −3𝑥𝑥 2
= ± = 𝑥𝑥

FUNCTION REPRESENTATIONS
A relation is an between two variables, where one variable is on the
other variable.

Verbal Description Equation

In the 10–19 age group, there are 48 riders
per hour. In the 20–29 age group, there are
24 riders per hour. In the 30–39 age group,
there are 12 riders per hour. To find the number of riders for a specific age group,

For each age group, the number of riders the appropriate value of a into

is as many as the previous group. the equation and simplify.

Table Graph

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The table shows these ordered pairs for this

function: Age is represented . The
(0, ), (1, ), (2, ), (3, ), (4, ) number of riders is represented .

These representations all describe an relationship, in which the number of riders in each
group is half as many as in the previous group.

Guided Notes: Functions 2

IDENTIFYING FUNCTIONS
For a relation to be a function, every input must have exactly one . To see whether a graph

represents a function, we can use the test. If no vertical line intersects the function

at more than , the relation is a function.

Function?
Relation Reasoning
(Yes/No)

Every value of x corresponds to exactly one value

Yes
of . If x = 4, y = 24, or 16.

The x-value of -2 is paired with two different

y-values ( and ).

The x-value of is paired with two different

y-values ( and ).

It passes the line test.

No two -values (points on the graph) have the

same -value.

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Key Features
A function’s equation, table, or graph can reveal many key features of the function.

Guided Notes: Functions 3

Linear Function

• End behavior: The function is

always .

As x approaches ,

f(x) approaches negative infinity.

• Intercepts: The x-intercept is ( ,0). The y-intercept

is ( ,6).

• Slope: The function’s slope (change in divided by change in ) equals .

• Positive interval: (-∞, )

• Negative interval: ( , ∞)

Quadratic Function

• Vertex: the

(maximum) or

(minimum) point, where the graph

changes from decreasing to

increasing.

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• Axis of symmetry: a vertical line that passes through the

, marking the symmetry of the

• Intercepts: The -intercepts are located where g(x) = 0. The -intercept is located

where x = 0.

• Negative interval: This function is negative between the -intercepts.

• Positive interval: This function is positive for every other value of x.

Guided Notes: Functions 4

DOMAIN AND RANGE

Domain: the set of values for which an is defined

Range: the set of values for which a is defined

This exponential function is always increasing

(this occurs when the of an

exponential function is greater than .)

As the value of x approaches negative infinity, the

value of h(x) approaches, but never reaches .

The horizontal line y = 4 is called

an .

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A function’s domain and range can be described in several ways.

Inequalities Set Notation Interval Notation

𝑦𝑦 ≥ 4 {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ|4 < 𝑥𝑥 < ∞} [4, ∞)

Guided Notes: Functions 5

Different types of functions follow different patterns for their domains and ranges.

Linear Quadratic Exponential

Graph

−∞ < 𝑥𝑥 < ∞ −∞ < 𝑥𝑥 < ∞ −∞ < 𝑥𝑥 < ∞

Domain

(−∞, ∞) (−∞, ∞) (−∞, ∞)

{𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ|−∞ < 𝑥𝑥 < ∞} {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ|−∞ < 𝑥𝑥 < ∞} {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ|−∞ < 𝑥𝑥 < ∞}

−∞ < 𝑦𝑦 < ∞ 𝑦𝑦 > 4 𝑦𝑦 ≥ −1

Range

(−∞, ∞) (4, ∞) [−1, ∞)

{𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ|−∞ < 𝑦𝑦 < ∞} {𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ|𝑦𝑦 > 4} {𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ|𝑦𝑦 ≥ −1}

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The domain and range contain an This function does not include every value within

number of values within their boundaries, so this is the of the domain and

a function. range, so it is a function.

Guided Notes: Functions 6

Parent Functions
 A is a group of functions that have the same parent function.

 functions are the simplest function of a certain degree.

LINEAR FUNCTION TRANSFORMATIONS Parent Function

The parent linear function has its x- and y-intercepts at the
. It has a slope of .

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥

Type of transformation: Type of transformation: Type of transformation:

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When the parent function is Multiplying by a number greater Adding a number translates the

multiplied by , it is reflected than 1 it function . Subtracting a

vertically. Multiplying by a number translates the function

across the -axis.
positive number less than 1 .

it towards

the x-axis.

Guided Notes: Functions 7

QUADRATIC FUNCTION TRANSFORMATIONS
Quadratic functions can be reflected, dilated, and translated in the same way as linear functions.

a c Match each equation with its graph.

a 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 (parent function)
d

𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 2
b

𝑦𝑦 = −𝑥𝑥 2 + 5

𝑦𝑦 = (𝑥𝑥 − 5)2

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION TRANSFORMATIONS

Exponential functions can be reflected, dilated, and translated in the same way as linear functions.

a Match each equation with its graph.

a 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 (parent function)

b
𝑦𝑦 = 4(2)𝑥𝑥 ©Edmentum. Permission granted to copy for classroom use.

c 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 − 5

d
𝑦𝑦 = −2𝑥𝑥 + 5

Guided Notes: Functions 8