1.

Which of the following is the main difference between

classical logic and fuzzy logic? a) Union b) Intersection
a) Fuzzy logic uses discrete values. c) Complement d) All of the above
b) Classical logic allows only two values, true or false.
c) Fuzzy logic uses a continuous range of truth values. 12. The union of two fuzzy sets A and B is defined as:
d) Classical logic is based on approximate reasoning. a) The maximum of the membership values of A and B
b) The minimum of the membership values of A and B
2. What does fuzzy logic primarily deal with? c) The average of the membership values of A and B
a) Binary numbers b) Approximate reasoning d) The sum of the membership values of A and B
c) Set theory d) Real numbers
13. Which of the following operations is used to find the
3. In fuzzy logic, which of the following is NOT a intersection of two fuzzy sets?
characteristic of membership values? a) AND operation b) OR operation
a) Membership values range between 0 and 1. c) NOT operation d) Subtraction operation
b) The membership values can represent uncertainty. 14. Which of the following is true about fuzzy set
c) The membership value is always equal to 1 for all complement?
elements in the set. a) The complement of a fuzzy set A is always a fuzzy set.
d) Membership values can be fractional. b) The complement of a fuzzy set can have values greater
than 1.
4. Fuzzy logic is used in systems where the decision- c) The complement of a fuzzy set always has values
making process is: between 0 and 1.
a) Exact and precise b) Complex and non-linear d) The complement of a fuzzy set is not well-defined.
c) Based on binary inputs only
d) Based on conventional logic 15. Which operation in fuzzy logic is used to find the
difference between two fuzzy sets?
5. Fuzzy logic is best described as: a) Union b) Complement
a) A method for dealing with vague, imprecise, or c) Subtraction d) Intersection
incomplete information
b) A method for solving linear equations 16. The intersection of two fuzzy sets A and B is computed
c) A technique used only in artificial intelligence using which of the following?
d) A system based on fixed rules and truth values a) The maximum of their membership values
b) The minimum of their membership values
6. A fuzzy set is different from a crisp set in that: c) The average of their membership values
a) It has sharp boundaries d) The product of their membership values
b) It can have a partial membership
c) Its elements are well-defined 17. Fuzzy set A = { (x, 0.8), (y, 0.5), (z, 0.2)} and fuzzy set B =
d) It only contains discrete elements { (x, 0.6), (y, 0.7), (z, 0.4)}. What is the union of A and B?
a) { (x, 0.8), (y, 0.7), (z, 0.4)}
7. In a crisp set, each element either belongs or does not b) { (x, 0.6), (y, 0.5), (z, 0.2)}
belong to the set. In a fuzzy set, each element has a c) { (x, 0.6), (y, 0.5), (z, 0.4)}
membership value between: d) { (x, 0.8), (y, 0.7), (z, 0.4)}
a) 0 and 0.5 b) -1 and 1
c) 0 and 1 d) 0 and infinity 18. In fuzzy set theory, what does the membership function
define?
8. Which of the following is an example of a crisp set? a) The total number of elements in a fuzzy set
a) {1, 2, 3, 4} b) {x | x ≥ 5} b) The degree of membership of an element in a fuzzy
c) {x | x ∈ Z} d) {x | x > 5 and x ≤ 10} set
c) The union of two fuzzy sets
9. The membership function of a fuzzy set defines: d) The intersection of two fuzzy sets
a) The boundaries of a set
b) The degree of membership of each element in the set 19. Which of the following properties is true for fuzzy sets?
c) The fuzzy rules d) The logical operators used in fuzzy a) Fuzzy sets are not closed under complement, union,
sets and intersection.
b) Fuzzy sets are closed under complement, union, and
10. Which of the following represents a characteristic of a intersection.
crisp set? c) Fuzzy sets can only represent crisp logic.
a) Each element has a fuzzy value between 0 and 1. d) Fuzzy sets are not useful for decision-making.
b) Each element is either in or out of the set.
c) It uses fuzzy rules for decision-making. 20. Which of the following is true about fuzzy relations?
d) It allows fractional membership values. a) They map fuzzy sets to crisp sets.
b) They map fuzzy sets to fuzzy sets.
11. Which operation in fuzzy logic is used to combine two c) They do not allow for partial membership.
fuzzy sets? d) They are equivalent to crisp relations.
 32. What is the primary purpose of using a membership
21. A crisp relation is different from a fuzzy relation in that: function in fuzzy logic systems?
a) It allows partial membership values. a) To measure the accuracy of fuzzy rules
b) It operates only on crisp sets. b) To map real-world variables to fuzzy sets
c) It can map fuzzy sets to fuzzy sets. c) To calculate the union of two fuzzy sets
d) It is used in decision-making with uncertain data. d) To determine the decision-making threshold

22. Fuzzy relations are characterized by: 33. In fuzzy logic, "If-Then" rules are used to:
a) A binary output (true or false) a) Convert crisp inputs into fuzzy sets
b) A continuous range of outputs (partial membership) b) Define relationships between fuzzy sets and outputs
c) Crisp outputs only d) None of the above c) Perform fuzzy arithmetic operations
d) Perform defuzzification
23. Which operation is used to combine two fuzzy
relations? 34. A fuzzy inference system uses fuzzy rules to:
a) Union b) Intersection a) Perform crisp operations on input data
c) Composition d) All of the above b) Generate fuzzy outputs from fuzzy inputs
c) Convert fuzzy inputs into crisp outputs
24. Fuzzy relations can be used to model: d) Both b and c
a) Complex decision-making systems
b) Binary relations only 35. In fuzzy inference systems, the process of aggregating
c) Systems with crisp outputs rules is done using:
d) Systems with fixed membership values a) Union operation b) Intersection operation
c) Composition operation d) None of the above
25. Which of the following techniques is used to convert a
fuzzy set to a crisp set? 36. What is the goal of defuzzification in fuzzy systems?
a) Fuzzification b) Defuzzification a) To convert crisp values to fuzzy sets
c) Membership function d) Union operation b) To combine fuzzy rules
c) To obtain a crisp value from fuzzy outputs
26. Defuzzification is the process of: d) To perform the union of fuzzy sets
a) Converting a crisp input to a fuzzy set
b) Converting a fuzzy set to a crisp output 37. Fuzzy logic systems are most suitable for:
c) Generating fuzzy rules a) Binary decision-making
d) Mapping fuzzy sets to fuzzy relations b) Systems with precise data
c) Systems with uncertain or vague data
27. The most common method of defuzzification is: d) Linear systems only
a) Center of gravity (centroid) method
b) Mean of maximum method 38. Which of the following is a real-world application of
c) Smallest of maximum method fuzzy logic?
d) Largest of maximum method a) Temperature control systems
b) Medical diagnosis systems
28. In defuzzification, the center of gravity method c) Automatic gear systems in vehicles
calculates: d) All of the above
a) The average of the membership values
b) The weighted average of all points in the fuzzy set 39. The fuzzification process involves:
c) The sum of all crisp inputs a) Defining fuzzy rules
d) The maximum membership value b) Converting crisp inputs into fuzzy sets
c) Generating crisp outputs
29. The membership function in fuzzy logic represents: d) All of the above
a) The relationship between crisp input and output
b) The degree of membership of an element in a fuzzy 40. Fuzzy logic is particularly useful in which of the
set following situations?
c) The exact classification of elements a) When dealing with precise, quantitative data
d) The operations between fuzzy sets b) When exact rules and calculations are available
c) When dealing with uncertain, imprecise, or vague
30. Which of the following types of membership functions information
is commonly used in fuzzy systems? d) When working with linear functions
a) Triangular b) Gaussian
c) Trapezoidal d) All of the above

31. A triangular membership function is defined by:

a) Three points, a peak, and two slopes
b) Two points, a peak, and one slope
c) A Gaussian curve d) None of the above
1Answer: c) Fuzzy logic uses a continuous range of truth values.
2Answer: b) Approximate reasoning
3Answer: c) The membership value is always equal to 1 for all
elements in the set.
4Answer: b) Complex and non-linear
5Answer: a) A method for dealing with vague, imprecise, or
incomplete information
6Answer: b) It can have a partial membership
7Answer: c) 0 and 1
8Answer: a) {1, 2, 3, 4}
9Answer: b) The degree of membership of each element in the
set
10Answer: b) Each element is either in or out of the set.
11Answer: d) All of the above
12Answer: a) The maximum of the membership values of A and B
13Answer: a) AND operation
14Answer: a) The complement of a fuzzy set is always a fuzzy set.
15Answer: c) Subtraction
16Answer: b) The minimum of their membership values
17Answer: d) { (x, 0.8), (y, 0.7), (z, 0.4)}
18Answer: b) The degree of membership of an element in a fuzzy
set
19Answer: b) Fuzzy sets are closed under complement, union,
and intersection.
20Answer: b) They map fuzzy sets to fuzzy sets.
21Answer: b) It operates only on crisp sets.
22Answer: b) A continuous range of outputs (partial membership)
23Answer: c) Composition
24Answer: a) Complex decision-making systems
25Answer: b) Defuzzification
26Answer: b) Converting a fuzzy set to a crisp output
27Answer: a) Center of gravity (centroid) method
28Answer: b) The weighted average of all points in the fuzzy set
29Answer: b) The degree of membership of an element in a fuzzy
set
30Answer: d) All of the above
33. 31Answer: a) Three points, a peak, and two slopes

32Answer: b) To map real-world variables to fuzzy sets

33Answer: b) Define relationships between fuzzy sets and outputs
36. 34Answer: d) Both b and c
35Answer: a) Union operation
36Answer: c) To obtain a crisp value from fuzzy outputs
37Answer: c) Systems with uncertain or vague data
38 Answer: d) All of the above
39 Answer: b) Converting crisp inputs into fuzzy sets
40 Answer: c) When dealing with uncertain, imprecise, or vague
information