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Microprocessor:: Development of Microprocessor: 4-Bit Microprocessors

The document provides an overview of microprocessors, detailing their development from 4-bit to 64-bit architectures, including specific models from Intel such as the 4004, 8080, Pentium, and Core series. It highlights key specifications such as clock speeds, transistor counts, instruction execution rates, and memory addressing capabilities. The information illustrates the evolution of microprocessor technology and performance enhancements over time.

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Ahmed Aboalkher
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23 views5 pages

Microprocessor:: Development of Microprocessor: 4-Bit Microprocessors

The document provides an overview of microprocessors, detailing their development from 4-bit to 64-bit architectures, including specific models from Intel such as the 4004, 8080, Pentium, and Core series. It highlights key specifications such as clock speeds, transistor counts, instruction execution rates, and memory addressing capabilities. The information illustrates the evolution of microprocessor technology and performance enhancements over time.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Aboalkher
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microprocessor:

It is a single chip where all the functional components of a computer are in built on this signal chip
using VLSI and ULSI technologies.
Development of microprocessor:
4-Bit Microprocessors
INTEL 4004
Its clock speed was 740KHz.It had 2,300 transistors. It could execute around
60,000 instructions per second
INTEL 4040
It was also 4-bit μP
8-Bit Microprocessors
INTEL 8008
Its clock speed was 5000KHz.Could execute 50,000 instructions
per second
INTEL 8080
Its clock speed was 2 MHz It had 60,000 transistors. Could execute 5, 00,000
instructions per second.
INTEL 8085
Its clock speed was 3 MHz.Its data bus is 8-bit and address bus is 16-bit. It had
60,500 transistors. Could execute 7,69,230 instructions per second. It could
access 64 KB of memory. It had 246 instructions.
16-Bit Microprocessors
INTEL 8086
Its clock speed is 4.77 MHz, 8 MHz and 10 MHz.Its data bus is 16-bit and
address bus is 20-bit. It had 29,000 transistors. Could execute 2.5 million
instructions per second. It could access 1 MB of memory. It had 22,000
instructions
INTEL 8088
It was a 16-bit processor with an 8-bit external bus. Could execute 2.5 million
instructions per second.
INTEL 80186 & 80188:
Clock speed was 6 MHz. 80188 was a cheaper version of
80186 with an 8- bit external data bus.They had additional
components like: Interrupt Controller, Clock Generator, Local
Bus Controller, and Counters.
INTEL 80286
Its clock speed was 8 MHz. Its data bus is 16-bit and address bus is 24-bit. It
could address 16 MB of memory. It had 1, 34,000 transistors. It could execute
4 million instructions per second.
32-Bit Microprocessors
INTEL 80386
Its data bus is 32-bit and address bus is 32-bit. It could address 4 GB of memory.
It had 2,75,000 transistors. Its clock speed varied from 16MHz to 33 MHz
INTEL 80486
It had 1.2 million transistors. Its clock speed varied from 16 MHz to 100 MHz
INTEL PENTIUM
It was originally named 80586. Its clock speed was 66 MHz. Its data bus is 32-bit
and address bus is 32-bit. It could address 4 GB of memory. Could execute 110
million instructions per second. Cache memory: 8 KB for instructions and 8 KB
for data.
INTEL PENTIUM PRO
It had L2 cache of 256 KB. It had 21 million transistors. It was primarily used in
server systems. Cache memory: 8 KB for instructions and 8 KB for data.
INTEL PENTIUM II
Its clock speed was 233 MHz to 500 MHz. Could execute 333 million
instructions per second. MMX technology was supported. L2 cache &
processor were on one circuit.
INTEL PENTIUM II XEON
It was designed for servers. Its clock speed was 400 MHz to 450 MHz. L1
cache of 32 KB & L2 cache of 512 KB, 1MB or 2 MB.
INTEL PENTIUM III
Its clock speed varied from 500 MHz to 1.4 GHz. It had 9.5 million
transistors.
INTEL PENTIUM IV
Its clock speed was from 1.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz. L1 cache was of 32 KB & L2 cache
of 256 KB. It had 42 million transistors
INTEL DUAL CORE
It has two cores. Both the cores have their own internal bus and L1 cache, but
share the external bus and L2 cache. It supported SMT technology.
64-Bit Microprocessors
INTEL CORE 2
Its clock speed is from 1.2 GHz to 3 GHz. It has 291 million transistors. It has 64
KB of L1 cache per core and 4 MB of L2 cache
INTEL CORE I3
It has 2 physical cores. Its clock speed is from 2.93 GHz to 3.33 GHz. It has 781
million transistors. It has 64 KB of L1 cache per core, 512 KB of L2 cache and 4
MB of L3 cache.
INTEL CORE I5
It has 4 physical cores. Its clock speed is from 2.40 GHz to 3.60 GHz. It has
781 million transistors. It has 64 KB of L1 cache per core, 256 KB of L2
cache and 8 MB of L3 cache.
INTEL CORE I7
It has 4 physical cores. Its clock speed is from 2.66 GHz to 3.33 GHz. It has 781
million transistors. It has 64 KB of L1 cache per core, 256 KB of L2 cache and 8
MB of L3 cache.
INTEL CORE I9
Total Cores 14
• # of Performance-cores 6
• # of Efficient-cores 8
• Max Turbo Frequency 5.00 GHz.
• Intel® Max Turbo Frequency 5.40 GHz.
• Processor Base Frequency 3.60 GHz.
• Cache 24 MB Intel® Smart Cache
• Bus Speed 8 GT/s.
TURBO

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