Name:

Date:

Course: Logic Circuits and Design

Duration: 3 Hours
Lab No.: 1
Laboratory 1: SSI Gates Familiarization and Truth Table Derivation

Objectives:

1. To understand the basic logic gates and their functions.

2. To derive and analyze the truth tables of fundamental logic gates.
3. To perform theoretical computations for different logic gate operations.
4. To simulate logic gate circuits using CircuitVerse.
5. To design and implement a complex logic circuit.

Software and Tools:

 CircuitVerse (online logic simulation platform)

 Computer with internet access
 Datasheets of 7400 series logic ICs

Theory:

Small Scale Integration (SSI) logic ICs contain only a few gates per chip. The fundamental gates
(AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR) form the basis of digital logic design. By applying
different input combinations in a simulation environment, we can verify the expected output and
construct the corresponding truth tables. The behavior of these gates follows Boolean algebra
principles and can be analyzed using logic expressions.

Procedure:

Part 1: Logic Gate Simulation Setup

1. Open a web browser and go to CircuitVerse.

2. Log in to CircuitVerse (create an account if necessary).
3. Click on “New Circuit” to create a new project.
4. In the workspace, locate the Logic Gates section in the toolbox.
5. Drag and place the following basic logic gates onto the workspace: AND, OR, NOT,
XOR, NAND, and NOR.
6. From the toolbox, add two input switches and connect them to the inputs of each gate.
7. Attach LEDs or digital displays to the outputs of each gate to visualize the results.
8. Ensure that the circuit is properly connected before proceeding.

Part 2: Truth Table Derivation Through Simulation

9. Turn on the simulation mode in CircuitVerse.

10. Systematically apply all possible binary input combinations (0,1) to the input switches.
11. Observe the output displayed on the LEDs or digital display for each gate.
12. Record the results in the truth table format.
 Input A Input B AND OR NOT A XOR NAND NOR
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1

Part 3: Theoretical Analysis and Boolean Expressions

13. Write the Boolean expressions for each logic gate.

14. Solve for the expected output using Boolean algebra for given inputs.

15. Compare the simulated outputs with theoretical computations.

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16. Identify and explain any discrepancies between theoretical and simulated results.

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Part 4: Universal Gate Implementation

17. Using only NAND gates, construct equivalent circuits for AND, OR, and NOT gates.
 18. Simulate each of these NAND-based logic gates in CircuitVerse.
19. Verify the correctness of these implementations by comparing their truth tables with
standard gate outputs.
20. Design a simple 2-input XOR gate using only NAND gates and validate its output
through simulation.
21. Discuss how NAND gates can be used to construct any logic circuit.

Analysis and Questions:

1. How does the simulated truth table compare with theoretical calculations?

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2. What logical operations can be implemented using NAND and NOR gates?

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3. How does the NOT gate differ in input requirements from other gates?

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4. How can Boolean algebra be used to simplify complex logic circuits?

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5. What practical applications can these logic gates be used for?

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6. What challenges did you encounter when implementing logic gates using only NAND
gates?

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7. Why is the NAND gate considering a universal gate?

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Conclusion:

Summarize the key observations from the logic gate simulations and truth table derivations.
Discuss the importance of Boolean algebra in predicting digital circuit behavior. Highlight any
discrepancies and how they can be resolved in practical applications. Explain the significance of
universal gates and their role in digital logic design.

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Submission Requirements:

 Completed truth tables with observations

 Boolean expressions and computations
 Screenshots of simulated circuits from CircuitVerse
 Short explanation of findings and conclusions
 XOR circuit implementation using only NAND gates