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Laboratory 5!

The laboratory work aimed to observe the effects of Faraday's law on the damping of an oscillating pendulum and analyze the interaction between magnetic fields and resistors. The experiment faced significant challenges, including measurement errors and equipment malfunctions, leading to reliance on theoretical calculations for Faraday damping. Despite these issues, the objectives were met, demonstrating the practical applications of Faraday's law in understanding mechanical movements influenced by magnetic fields.

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azatabyshev01
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2 views4 pages

Laboratory 5!

The laboratory work aimed to observe the effects of Faraday's law on the damping of an oscillating pendulum and analyze the interaction between magnetic fields and resistors. The experiment faced significant challenges, including measurement errors and equipment malfunctions, leading to reliance on theoretical calculations for Faraday damping. Despite these issues, the objectives were met, demonstrating the practical applications of Faraday's law in understanding mechanical movements influenced by magnetic fields.

Uploaded by

azatabyshev01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Laboratory Work #5​

Faraday's Law of Induction​


Section #19​
Date: 14.03.2025​
Authors: Yerbolat Ryskeldiyev, Abyshev Azat, Serikov Mansur
Goals
To observe the effects of Faraday's law to the damping of an oscillating pendulum, test the
presence of increase in damping due to Magnetic Field and resistor’s interaction.
Experimental Data
Part 1: Magnetic field strength:
B=55.92 mT ± 10.14 mT
Part 2: Mechanical Damping (Resistor Disconnected)
1.​ Pendulum Parameters
Mass of induction wand: m=0.0903 kg ± 0.00005 kg
Distance from pivot to center of mass: d=0.11 m ± 0.001 m
Distance from pivot to coil center: L=0.255 m ± 0.001 m
Number of coil turns: N=200
Inner radius rin=0.019 m
Outer radius rout=0.031 m
R=1.9Ω
Resistance of resistor, r=50±0.5Ω

2.​ Oscillation Data


Angular frequency: ω=5.99 rad/s ± 0.0012 rad/s
Damping coefficient (from exponential fit): b2I=(6.19±0.36)×10−4 s−1

Data Analysis
Faraday's Law states that a changing magnetic flux induces an electromotive force (EMF), and
the induced EMF is proportional to the change of magnetic flux over time:
E_emf = - dΦ / dt (1)
For a coil with N turns and area A in a uniform field B, the magnetic flux is given by:
Φ = NBA (2)
For the pendulum's mechanical damping (resistor disconnected), the equation of motion is:
I d²θ / dt² = -mgdθ - b dθ / dt (3)
The solution yields angular frequency ω and damping coefficient (b / 2I):
ω = sqrt(mgd / I - (b / 2I)²) (4)
The Faraday damping coefficient created by an electromagnetic induction is given by the
formula:
c = (NAB)² / (2L(R + r)) (5)

Calculations:
Relative error in Magnetic Field Strength:
ΔB/B * 100% = 10.14 / 55.92 * 100% = 18.13%
Moment of Inertia (I):
Using (4) and avoiding (b / 2I)² due to it being negligible(10-8):
I = mgd / ω² = (0.0903 * 9.81 * 0.11) / (5.99)² = 2.71 × 10⁻³
Error propagation:
ΔI = I * sqrt((Δm / m)² + (Δd / d)² + (2Δω / ω)²) = 0.02 × 10⁻³
Damping Coefficient (b):
b / 2I = 6.19 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹. (from exp fit)
b = 2I * 6.19 × 10⁻⁴ = 3.36 × 10⁻⁶
Error:
Δb = b * sqrt((ΔI / I)² + (Δ(b / 2I) / (b / 2I))²) = 0.15 × 10⁻⁶
Using the (5) theoretical value of Faraday damping is:
c = ((200 * 1.96 × 10⁻³ * 0.05076)²) / (2 * 0.255 * (1.9 + 50))
c = ((200 * 9.95 × 10⁻⁵)²) / (2 * 0.255 * 51.9)
c = (0.0199)² / 26.469 ≈ 0.000396 / 26.469 ≈ 1.496 × 10⁻⁵
Formula for error estimation in multiplication and division operations:
Δc / c = sqrt((2 ΔB / B)² + (ΔR / (R + r))²)
Δc / c = sqrt((2 × 0.0001 / 0.05076)² + (0.5 / 51.9)²)
≈ sqrt((0.00394)² + (0.00963)²) ≈ 0.0103
Δc = c × 0.0103 ≈ 1.54 × 10⁻⁷
Thus, final value of theoretical Faraday damping is ctheor = (1.50 ± 0.02) × 10⁻⁵
Discussion
In part I, measurement of the Magnetic Field Strength has relative error of 18%, which greatly
exceeds the acceptable range. It may have been caused by a man-made mistake of choosing
wrong range of values within PASCO graph(Appendix A). It is also estimated that the sensors
have issue with calibration as it is stated in manual that sensor requires preventive ‘tare’ reset
every time that it is used.

Appendix A. Graph of Magnetic Field Strength.


In part 2, there was a critical fault happening on the 7 working laboratory stations that made it
impossible to perform the recording of oscillations with the resistors connected that would
introduce the Faraday damping in the equation and hence it could be compared to theoretical
value of such. Consecutively, the only right decision in the situation is calculating the theoretical
value of Faraday damping due to electromagnetic field (ctheor = (1.50 ± 0.02) × 10⁻⁵).
Mechanical damping calculated in Part 2 is useless in context as there is no experimental value
of oscillations with Faraday damping present that could use experimental mechanical damping as
a measure of finding experimental Faraday damping.
The main issues related to the laboratory work are either man-made mistakes that could be
avoided by excluding human factors in any place possible, for example, making the start of
oscillations by mechanism that will do it exactly the same way, thus preventing the data
alteration. Also, the mechanical counterpart of human in Part 1 is also crucial, as the graph of
measurements for Magnetic Field Strength is solely dependent on hand movement. These
improvements might reduce the amount of errors present.
Second way of decreasing the amount of error is changing the current equipment to new ones
with less amount of instrumental errors present in their sensors, so there would be no need in
doing ‘tare’ reset every time sensor of Magnetic Field Strength is used.
Random errors such as air resistance, release inconsistencies are not to be avoided, yet increasing
the distance between different working stations and creating more isolated system might present
a decrease in random errors.
Conclusion.
Despite all the struggles presented during an experiment it is concluded that all the objectives of
an experiment are achieved, and the practical usage of Faraday’s law is precisely depicted in all
the process of an experiment, thus providing valuable insights about the impact of Magnetic
Field Strength on mechanical movements of charged particles.

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