Project Title:

Performance Evaluation of OFDM-Based Fiber Optic Communication System with

Key Features:

1. OFDM Transmitter Implementation:

• Generate QPSK/16-QAM symbols.

• Apply IFFT to form an OFDM signal.

• Add Cyclic Prefix (CP) to mitigate ISI.

2. Optical Fiber Transmission Path:

• Convert RF to Optical signal.

• Introduce fiber impairments (dispersion, attenuation).

• Apply optical amplification.

3. OFDM Receiver Implementation:

• Convert Optical to RF signal.

• Remove CP and apply FFT to separate subcarriers.

• Perform QPSK/16-QAM demodulation.

4. Dispersion Compensation Techniques:

• Pre-compensation (Equalization at transmitter).

• Post-compensation using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) or Dispersion Compensating Fiber

5. Performance Analysis Using Graphs:

• Bit Error Rate (BER) vs. OSNR.

• Q-Factor vs. Transmission Distance.

• Optical Spectrum Analysis.

• Received Power vs. Transmission Distance.

Tools & Technologies:

• MATLAB/Simulink (for signal processing & optical simulations)

• Python (NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib) (for algorithm development and analysis)

• OptiSystem (optional, for optical communication simulations)

Outcome:

This project will help analyze the advantages of using OFDM in optical fiber communication,
evaluate signal integrity over long distances, and compare dispersion compensation
techniques. It can be extended for 5G and beyond optical networks.

1. Adaptive Modulation in OFDM-Based Optical Networks

🔹 Objective: Implement and analyze adaptive modulation (QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM) in

🔹 Key Features:

• Dynamically switch between QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM based on Signal-to-Noise

• Implement Bit Error Rate (BER)-based thresholding to select the best modulation
scheme.

• Compare fixed vs. adaptive modulation in terms of spectral efficiency and error
performance.
🔹 Performance Metrics:

• BER vs. Optical SNR

• Spectral efficiency vs. Transmission distance

• Power efficiency comparison

🔹 Tools:

• MATLAB/Python (Signal Processing)

• OptiSystem (for Optical Fiber Simulations)

1. Adaptive Modulation in OFDM-Based Optical Networks

Objective

To design and analyze an adaptive modulation scheme for OFDM-based fiber optic
communication. The system should switch between QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM based
on channel conditions (SNR & BER).

Implementation Steps

1️OFDM Transmitter Implementation

• Generate binary data stream.

• Use adaptive modulation selection (QPSK/16-QAM/64-QAM) based on SNR.

• Perform Serial-to-Parallel conversion and map symbols accordingly.

• Apply IFFT to form an OFDM time-domain signal.

• Add a Cyclic Prefix (CP) to reduce Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI).

• Convert RF signal to optical signal using a laser diode.

• Simulate fiber impairments (dispersion, attenuation, noise).

• Apply optical amplification if necessary.

3️OFDM Receiver Implementation

• Convert optical signal back to RF and then to the electrical domain.

• Remove Cyclic Prefix (CP) and apply FFT to extract subcarriers.

• Adaptive demodulation:

• Estimate SNR and select the appropriate QAM scheme.

• Perform QAM demapping & error correction.

4️Performance Analysis

• Plot BER vs. SNR for different modulation schemes.

• Analyze Spectral Efficiency vs. Distance.

• Compare Adaptive vs. Fixed Modulation Performance.

Tools Required

✅ MATLAB/Python for signal processing

✅ OptiSystem for optical fiber simulation

Expected Outcome

• Adaptive Modulation improves system performance under varying channel conditions.

• Lower-order QPSK performs better in noisy conditions.

2. OFDM-Based Visible Light Communication (VLC) System

🔹 Objective: Implement OFDM for Visible Light Communication (VLC) and analyze
performance under different environmental conditions.

🔹 Key Features:

• Use an LED-based optical link to transmit OFDM signals.

• Introduce ambient light noise and flickering effects to simulate real-world scenarios.

• Implement Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques to improve

🔹 Performance Metrics:

• BER vs. Optical Power

• PAPR analysis

• Received Signal Strength vs. Distance

🔹 Tools:

• MATLAB/Python

• Raspberry Pi (for hardware implementation, optional)

Objective

To implement OFDM over a VLC system using an LED-based optical channel and
analyze performance under different environmental conditions.
Implementation Steps

1️OFDM Transmitter Implementation

• Generate binary data.

• Use QPSK/16-QAM for symbol mapping.

• Perform IFFT to generate an OFDM time-domain signal.

• Add Cyclic Prefix (CP).

• Convert OFDM signal to intensity variations (as LED cannot transmit RF signals).

2️Optical Transmission via LED

• Modulate LED intensity proportional to OFDM signal amplitude.

• Introduce ambient noise, flickering, and reflections in simulation.

3️OFDM Receiver Implementation

• Use Photodiode to receive light intensity.

• Convert intensity back to an electrical signal.

• Remove CP and apply FFT to extract subcarriers.

• Perform QPSK/16-QAM demodulation.

4️Performance Analysis

• Measure Bit Error Rate (BER) vs. Optical Power.

• Analyze Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR).

• Test signal distortion in different lighting conditions.

✅ MATLAB/Python for OFDM simulation

✅ OptiSystem (for VLC simulation)

✅ Arduino/Raspberry Pi (for hardware implementation, optional)

Expected Outcome

• OFDM-based VLC improves data rate over LED links.

• Noise and flickering reduce performance, requiring PAPR reduction techniques.

• Photodiode placement and environment conditions impact signal quality.

3. Machine Learning-Based Equalization for OFDM in Optical Fiber

🔹 Objective: Use Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to improve OFDM signal

🔹 Key Features:

• Implement Neural Networks or Support Vector Machines (SVM) for nonlinear

• Train the ML model using received OFDM symbols under different dispersion conditions.

• Compare traditional Zero-Forcing and MMSE equalizers with ML-based equalization.

🔹 Performance Metrics:

• BER vs. Optical Fiber Length

• Q-Factor comparison
• Training Time vs. Computational Complexity

🔹 Tools:

• Python (TensorFlow/PyTorch for ML)

• MATLAB (for OFDM signal processing)

Objective

To design a Machine Learning (ML)-based equalizer to compensate for nonlinear

Implementation Steps

1️OFDM Signal Generation

• Generate QPSK/16-QAM modulated OFDM signals.

• Perform IFFT and add Cyclic Prefix (CP).

• Transmit signal through fiber optic channel with dispersion & noise.

2️Traditional Equalization (Baseline)

• Apply Zero-Forcing (ZF) and MMSE Equalizers.

• Measure Bit Error Rate (BER) & Q-Factor as benchmarks.

3️ML-Based Equalization Implementation

• Use Deep Neural Network (DNN) or Support Vector Machine (SVM).

• Train ML models on received OFDM symbols & corresponding transmitted symbols.

• Implement ML-based non-linear equalization.

• Compare ML Equalization vs. Traditional Equalizers.

• Analyze BER vs. Fiber Length.

• Evaluate Training Time vs. Computational Complexity.

Tools Required

✅ Python (TensorFlow/PyTorch) for ML

✅ MATLAB/Python for OFDM simulation

✅ OptiSystem for fiber optic simulation

Expected Outcome

• ML-based equalization significantly reduces BER and improves Q-factor.

• ML models learn non-linear distortions better than traditional equalizers.

• Computational complexity is higher, but real-time implementation is possible with

Conclusion & Recommendation

All three projects offer unique challenges and innovations in OFDM-based fiber optics:

✅ Project 1 (Adaptive Modulation) → Best for dynamic SNR environments.

✅ Project 2 (VLC) → Best for Visible Light Communication applications.

✅ Project 3 (ML Equalization) → Best for high-performance optical networks.