Below is a Java implementation of a Student Record Management System that meets the

requirements outlined. The program is designed to be robust, user-friendly, and well-

documented. I'll provide the code, explanation, and instructions for running the program.

Java Code: Student Record Management System

```java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class StudentRecordManagementSystem {

// Static variables to store student data

private static ArrayList<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
private static int totalStudents = 0;

// Student class to represent student data

static class Student {
String name;
int id;
int age;
String grade;

// Constructor to initialize student details

public Student(String name, int id, int age, String grade) {
this.name = name;
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
this.grade = grade;
}
 // Override toString() to display student details
@Override
public String toString() {
return "ID: " + id + ", Name: " + name + ", Age: " + age + ", Grade: " + grade;
}
}

// Method to add a new student

public static void addStudent(Scanner scanner) {
System.out.println("\n--- Add New Student ---");
System.out.print("Enter Student Name: ");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter Student ID: ");
int id = scanner.nextInt();
scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline
System.out.print("Enter Student Age: ");
int age = scanner.nextInt();
scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline
System.out.print("Enter Student Grade: ");
String grade = scanner.nextLine();

// Check if student ID already exists

for (Student student : studentList) {
if (student.id == id) {
System.out.println("Error: Student ID already exists!");
return;
}
}
 // Add new student to the list
studentList.add(new Student(name, id, age, grade));
totalStudents++;
System.out.println("Student added successfully!");
}

// Method to update student information

public static void updateStudent(Scanner scanner) {
System.out.println("\n--- Update Student Information ---");
System.out.print("Enter Student ID to update: ");
int id = scanner.nextInt();
scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline

// Find the student by ID

Student studentToUpdate = null;
for (Student student : studentList) {
if (student.id == id) {
studentToUpdate = student;
break;
}
}

if (studentToUpdate == null) {
System.out.println("Error: Student ID not found!");
return;
}

// Prompt for updated details

 System.out.print("Enter new Name (leave blank to keep current): ");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
if (!name.isEmpty()) {
studentToUpdate.name = name;
}

System.out.print("Enter new Age (leave 0 to keep current): ");

int age = scanner.nextInt();
scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline
if (age != 0) {
studentToUpdate.age = age;
}

System.out.print("Enter new Grade (leave blank to keep current): ");

String grade = scanner.nextLine();
if (!grade.isEmpty()) {
studentToUpdate.grade = grade;
}

System.out.println("Student information updated successfully!");

}

// Method to view student details

public static void viewStudentDetails(Scanner scanner) {
System.out.println("\n--- View Student Details ---");
System.out.print("Enter Student ID: ");
int id = scanner.nextInt();
scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline
 // Find the student by ID
Student studentToView = null;
for (Student student : studentList) {
if (student.id == id) {
studentToView = student;
break;
}
}

if (studentToView == null) {
System.out.println("Error: Student ID not found!");
} else {
System.out.println(studentToView);
}
}

// Method to display the main menu

public static void displayMenu() {
System.out.println("\n--- Student Record Management System ---");
System.out.println("1. Add New Student");
System.out.println("2. Update Student Information");
System.out.println("3. View Student Details");
System.out.println("4. Exit");
System.out.print("Enter your choice: ");
}

// Main method to run the program

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
 boolean running = true;

while (running) {
displayMenu();
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline

switch (choice) {
case 1:
addStudent(scanner);
break;
case 2:
updateStudent(scanner);
break;
case 3:
viewStudentDetails(scanner);
break;
case 4:
running = false;
System.out.println("Exiting the program. Goodbye!");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Invalid choice! Please try again.");
}
}

scanner.close();
}
}
Explanation of the Code
1. Student Class:
- Represents a student with attributes: `name`, `id`, `age`, and `grade`.
- Includes a constructor to initialize these attributes and an overridden `toString()` method
to display student details.

2. Static Variables:
- `studentList`: An `ArrayList` to store all student objects.
- `totalStudents`: Tracks the total number of students added.

3. Methods:
- `addStudent()`: Adds a new student to the list after validating the ID.
- `updateStudent()`: Updates student details based on the provided ID.
- `viewStudentDetails()`: Displays details of a specific student by ID.
- `displayMenu()`: Displays the main menu for the administrator.

4. Error Handling:
- Checks for duplicate student IDs when adding a new student.
- Handles cases where a student ID is not found during updates or viewing.

5. Main Method:
- Runs the program in a loop, allowing the administrator to perform multiple operations
until they choose to exit.

Instructions for Running the Program

1. Prerequisites:
- Install Java Development Kit (JDK) on your system.
- Ensure the `javac` and `java` commands are available in your terminal or command
prompt.
2. Steps:
- Copy the code into a file named `StudentRecordManagementSystem.java`.
- Open a terminal or command prompt and navigate to the directory containing the file.
- Compile the program using the command:
```
javac StudentRecordManagementSystem.java
```
- Run the program using the command:
```
java StudentRecordManagementSystem
```
- Follow the on-screen menu to add, update, or view student details.

Documentation

1. How to Use the Program

- When the program starts, the administrator is presented with a menu:
- Option 1:Add a new student by providing their name, ID, age, and grade.
- Option 2: Update an existing student's information by entering their ID and providing new
details.
- Option 3: View a student's details by entering their ID.
- Option 4: Exit the program.

2. Error Handling
- The program ensures that:
- Duplicate student IDs are not allowed.
- Invalid inputs (e.g., non-existent IDs) are handled gracefully.
3. Best Practices
- The code follows Java coding conventions, including meaningful variable names, proper
indentation, and modular design.
- Static variables are used to maintain the list of students and the total count.

1. Java Documentation
- Official Java Documentation: The primary reference for understanding Java syntax, data
structures (like `ArrayList`), and best practices.
- Link: [https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/

2. Java Programming Resources

- Java ArrayList: Used to dynamically store and manage student records.
 - Reference:
[https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_arraylist.asp](https://www.w3schools.com/java/
java_arraylist.asp)
- Java Scanner Class:Used for taking user input from the console.
- Reference: [https://www.javatpoint.com/Scanner-class](https://www.javatpoint.com/
Scanner-class)
- Java Static Variables: Used to maintain the list of students and the total count across the
program.
3. Error Handling
- Input Validation: Ensures that invalid inputs (e.g., duplicate IDs, non-existent IDs) are
handled gracefully.
- Reference:
[https://www.baeldung.com/java-exception-handling](https://www.baeldung.com/java-
exception-handling)
4. Coding Best Practices
- Meaningful Variable Names: Follows Java naming conventions for variables, methods, and
classes.
- Reference: [https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase/codeconventions-
namingconventions.html](https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase/codeconventions-
namingconventions.html)
- Modular Design: The program is divided into logically separated methods for better
readability and maintainability.
- Reference:
[https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/java-programming-basics/](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
java-programming-basics/)
5. Menu-Driven Interface
- Switch-Case Statements: Used to handle user choices in the menu.
- Reference: [https://www.javatpoint.com/java-switch](https://www.javatpoint.com/java-
switch)
6. Comprehensive Documentation
-Java Comments: Used to document the code for better understanding.
- Reference: [https://www.oracle.com/technical-resources/articles/java/javadoc-tool.html]
(https://www.oracle.com/technical-resources/articles/java/javadoc-tool.html)
7. Additional Resources
- Java Tutorials: General Java programming tutorials for beginners.
- Link: [https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/index.htm](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/
java/index.htm)
- Java File Handling: For future enhancements, such as saving student records to a file.
- Reference: [https://www.javatpoint.com/java-file-class](https://www.javatpoint.com/java-
file-class)