Nepal Journal of Mathematical Sciences (NJMS) Research Article

ISSN: 2738-9928 (online), 2738-9812 (print) Received Date: December 10, 2024
Vol. 5, No. 2, 2024 (August): 13-20 Accepted Date: February 21, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/njmathsci.v5i2.76445
Published Date: March 16, 2025
School of Mathematical Sciences,
Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal

On Difference Sequence Space 𝓵𝑴 ( 𝑿, 𝛂, 𝑷) Defined by

Orlicz function
Prem Prakash Kaphle1, Gyan Prasad Paudel2* & Purushottam Parajuli3
1
Department of Mathematics, Tribhuvan University, Tribhuvan Multiple Campus, Palpa, Nepal
1
Central Campus of Science and Technology, Mid-Western University, Surkhet, Nepal
3
Department of Mathematics, Tribhuvan University, Prithvi Narayan Campus, Pokhara, Nepal

Corresponding Author: *[email protected]

Abstract: The idea of difference sequence space is introduced by Kizmaz. Lindenstrauss and Tzafriri
used the concept of Orlicz function M to construct the sequence space ℓ𝑀 . In this paper, we introduce the
class ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃) of the generalized form of difference sequence space and study some inclusion and
linear properties.
Keywords: Sequence space, Difference sequence space, Orlicz function, Banach spaces.
1. Introduction:

Sequence spaces have a major role in mathematics, especially in functional analysis and mathematical
analysis. They give researchers a framework for examining infinite numerical sequences and provide
information on their convergence, summability, and other characteristics. Mathematicians have extensively
researched sequence spaces, which are vector spaces of sequences with elements in real or complex
numbers (ℝ or ℂ). Many mathematicians in classical analysis have investigated these spaces, which include
convergence, bounded, null, and lp spaces.
If  denotes the set of all functions from the set of positive integers ℕ to the field 𝕂 of real or complex
numbers then it becomes a vector space. Any Sequence space is defined as a set of all sequences 𝑥 =
(𝑥𝑛 ) linear subspace of  over the field ℂ with the usual operations defined as
(𝑥𝑛 ) + (𝑦𝑛 ) = (𝑥𝑛 + 𝑦𝑛 ) and 𝜆(𝑥𝑛 ) = (𝜆𝑥𝑛 ).
Several researchers, including Kamthan and Gupta [4] (1980), Maddox [7] (1981), Ruckle [15 ] (1981),
and Malkowski and Rakocevic[8] (2004), have made substantial contributions to the theory of vector and
scalar valued sequence spaces using Banach sequences. Similarly, Orlicz used the idea of Orlicz function
to construct the space ( 𝐿𝑀 ). Lindentrauss and Tzafriri [6] investigated Orlicz sequence spaces in more
detail, and proved that every Orlicz sequence space ℓ𝑀 contains a subspace isomorphic to ℓ𝑝 (1 ≤ 𝑝 < ∞).

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 Prem P. Kaphle, Gyan P.Paudel & Purushottam Parajuli / On Difference Sequence Space ….

Subsequently different classes of sequence spaces defined by Murasaleen et al.[9], Parashar and Choudhary
[10], Subramanian [17 ] , Tripathy et al. [18] , and many others are studied.
A function 𝑀: [0, ∞ ) ⟶ [0, ∞ ) is called Orlicz function if it is continuous, non-decreasing, and convex
with
𝑀(0) = 0, 𝑀(𝑡) > 0 for 𝑡 > 0 and 𝑀(𝑡) → ∞ 𝑎𝑠 𝑡 → ∞.
If the convexity of Orlicz function 𝑀 is replaced by 𝑀(𝑡 + 𝑢) ≤ 𝑀(𝑡) + 𝑀(𝑢) then this function is
called modulus function.
In 1971, Lindenstrauss and Tzafriri[ 6] used the Orlicz function to construct the following class
|𝑥𝑘 |
ℓ𝑀 = {𝑥̅ = (𝑥𝑘 ) ∈ 𝜔: ∑∞
𝑘=1 𝑀( 𝜌
) < ∞ for some 𝜌 > 0}.
This class together with the norm defined by
∞
|𝑥𝑘 |
‖𝑥̅ ‖ = inf{𝜌 > 0 ∶ ∑ 𝑀( ) ≤ 1}
𝜌
𝑘=1
forms a Banach space called an Orlicz sequence space and is related to the sequence space ℓ𝑝 with
𝑀(𝑡) = 𝑡 𝑝 , 1 ≤ 𝑝 < ∞.
The concept of difference sequence spaces was first introduced by Kizmaz[5] in 1981 and defined as

i. 𝒸0 (Δ(X)) = { 𝑥̅ = (𝑥𝑘 ) ∈ 𝑋 ∶ ‖Δ𝑥𝑘 ‖ → 0 𝑎𝑠 𝑘 → ∞}

ii. 𝒸(Δ(X)) = { 𝑥̅ = (𝑥𝑘 ) ∈ 𝑋 ∶ ∃ 𝑙 ∈ 𝑋 𝑠. 𝑡. ‖Δ𝑥𝑘 − 𝑙‖ → 0 𝑎𝑠 𝑘 → ∞}
iii. ℓ∞ (Δ(X)) = { 𝑥̅ = (𝑥𝑘 ) ∈ 𝑋 ∶ 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑘 ‖Δ𝑥𝑘 ‖ < ∞}
iv. ℓ𝑝 (Δ(X)) = { 𝑥̅ = (𝑥𝑘 ) ∈ 𝑋 ∶ ∑∞ 𝑝
𝑘=1‖Δ𝑥𝑘 ‖ < ∞, 0 < 𝑝 < ∞}

where Δ𝑥𝑘 = 𝑥𝑘 − 𝑥𝑘−1 .

These spaces are Banach spaces with norm ‖𝑥‖Δ = |𝑥1 | + ‖Δ𝑥‖∞ .

Et[2], in 1993, generalized the concept of Kizmaz to study the Δ2 sequence spaces of Banach space X-
valued sequences defined as follows:

i. 𝒸0 (Δ2 (𝑋)) = { 𝑥̅ = (𝑥𝑘 ) ∈ 𝑋 ∶ ‖Δ2 𝑥𝑘 ‖ → 0 𝑎𝑠 𝑘 → ∞}

ii. 𝒸(Δ2 (X)) = { 𝑥̅ = (𝑥𝑘 ) ∈ 𝑋 ∶ ∃ 𝑙 ∈ 𝑋 𝑠. 𝑡. ‖Δ2 𝑥𝑘 − 𝑙‖ → 0 𝑎𝑠 𝑘 → ∞}
iii. ℓ∞ (Δ2 (X)) = { 𝑥̅ = (𝑥𝑘 ) ∈ 𝑋 ∶ 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑘 ‖Δ2 𝑥𝑘 ‖ < ∞}
where
Δ2 𝑥𝑘 = Δ𝑥𝑘 - Δ𝑥𝑘−1 = 𝑥𝑘 − 𝑥𝑘−1 − 𝑥𝑘−1 − 𝑥𝑘−2 = 𝑥𝑘 − 2𝑥𝑘−1 + 𝑥𝑘−2 .
These space are Banach spaces with the norm defined by
‖𝑥‖Δ = |𝑥1 | + |𝑥2 | + ‖Δ2 𝑥‖∞ .
Similarly, in 1995, Et and Colak [3] defined the following classes
i. 𝒸0 (Δ𝑚 (𝑋)) = { 𝑥̅ = (𝑥𝑘 ) ∈ 𝑋 ∶ ‖Δ𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖ → 0 𝑎𝑠 𝑘 → ∞}

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 Nepal Journal of Mathematical Sciences (NJMS), Vol. 5, No. 2 , 2024 (August): 13-20

ii. 𝒸(Δ𝑚 (X)) = { 𝑥̅ = (𝑥𝑘 ) ∈ 𝑋 ∶ ∃ 𝑙 ∈ 𝑋 𝑠. 𝑡. ‖Δ𝑚 𝑥𝑘 − 𝑙‖ → 0 𝑎𝑠 𝑘 → ∞}

iii. ℓ∞ (Δ𝑚 (X)) = { 𝑥̅ = (𝑥𝑘 ) ∈ 𝑋 ∶ 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑘 ‖Δ𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖ < ∞}

where 𝑚 ∈ ℕ, Δ0 𝑥 = (𝑥𝑘 ), Δ𝑥𝑘 = 𝑥𝑘 − 𝑥𝑘−1,

𝑟 𝑚
and Δ𝑚 𝑥𝑘 = Δ𝑚−1 𝑥𝑘 – Δ𝑚−1 𝑥𝑘−1 = ∑∞
𝑟=1(−1) ( 𝑟 )𝑥𝑘+𝑟 .

They showed that these classes are Banach spaces with norm defined as
‖𝑥‖Δ = ∑𝑚 𝑚
𝑟=1|𝑥𝑟 | + ‖Δ 𝑥‖∞ .

In 2006, Tripathy and Esi [18] studied a new type of difference sequence spaces
𝒸(∆𝑚 ), 𝒸0 (∆𝑚 ), 𝒸(∆𝑚 ) where 𝑚 ∈ ℕ as defined by
𝑍(∆𝑚 ) = { 𝑥̅ = (𝑥𝑘 ) ∈ 𝜔: ∆𝑚 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍}, for 𝑍 = ℓ∞ , 𝒸 and 𝒸0
where, ∆𝑚 𝑥 = (∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ) = (𝑥𝑘+𝑚 − 𝑥𝑘, )for all 𝑘 ∈ ℕ.
For m =1, ℓ∞ (∆𝑚 ) = ℓ∞ (∆) , 𝒸(∆𝑚 ) = 𝒸(∆), 𝒸0 (∆𝑚 ) = 𝒸0 (∆).
He proved that these spaces are Banach spaces with norm defined by
𝑚
‖𝑥‖Δ = ∑|𝑥𝑟 | + sup|∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 |.
𝑘
𝑟=1

and the inclusion relations 𝒸0 (∆𝑚 ) ⊂ 𝒸(∆𝑚 ) ⊂ ℓ∞ (∆𝑚 )

and 𝑍(∆) ⊂ 𝑍(∆𝑚 ) for, 𝑍 = ℓ∞ , 𝒸, 𝒸 and 𝒸0 .
In 2012, Srivastava and Pahari [16] introduced the following class
‖𝛼𝑘 𝑥𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘
ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃) = {𝑥 = (𝑥𝑘 ) ∈ 𝜔(𝑋): ∑∞
𝑘=1 𝑀 ( 𝜌
) < ∞ for some 𝜌 > 0} ,

and
𝑝𝑘
⁄𝐿
‖𝛼𝑘 𝑥𝑘 ‖
ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃, 𝐿) = {𝑥 = (𝑥𝑘 ) ∈ 𝜔(𝑋): ∑∞
𝑘=1 𝑀 ( ) < ∞ for some 𝜌 > 0},
𝜌

where, 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑘 𝑝𝑘 = 𝐿 < ∞.

For α = (𝛼𝑘 ) for a sequence of nonzero complex numbers and 𝑃 = (𝑝𝑘 ) for any sequence of strictly
positive real numbers, they also investigated conditions for containment relation of ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, α, 𝑃) and
explore the linear topological structure of the class ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, α, 𝑃, 𝐿).

Recently, in 2022 and 2023, Paudel, Pahari and et al. [11], [12] , [13] studied the various properties of
sequence space using fuzzy concept. In 2023, Pokharel et al. [14] introduced a new class of double
sequences in a normed space X to generalized the well-known sequence space  by introducing and
– –
studying a new class 2 ((X , || . ||),  , w ) of double sequences with their terms in a normed space X
focusing on exploring some of the preliminary results that characterize the linear topological structures.

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 Prem P. Kaphle, Gyan P.Paudel & Purushottam Parajuli / On Difference Sequence Space ….

Lemma [1]: Let (𝑝𝑘 ) be a bounded sequence of strictly positive real numbers with
0 < 𝑝𝑘 ≤ sup 𝑝𝑘 = 𝐿, 𝐷 = max{1, 2𝐿−1 } then
i. |𝑥 + 𝑦|𝑝𝑘 ≤ 𝐷{|𝑥|𝑝𝑘 + |𝑦|𝑝𝑘 };
ii. |𝛼|𝑝𝑘 ≤ max(1, [𝛼]𝐿 ).
Throughout the article, we shall denote for α = (𝛼𝑘 ), β = ( 𝛽𝑘 )
𝛼 𝛼 𝑝𝑘
𝛾𝑘 = 𝛽𝑘 and 𝛿𝑘 = |𝛽𝑘 | .
𝑘 𝑘

On the basis of the literature mentioned above, here we define the following class
∞
‖𝛼𝑘 ∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘
ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃) = {𝑥 = (𝑥𝑘 ) ∈ 𝜔(𝑋) ∶ ∑ 𝑀 ( ) < ∞ for some 𝜂 > 0}
𝜂
𝑘=1

where, ∆𝑚 𝑥 = (∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ) = (𝑥𝑘+𝑚 − 𝑥𝑘, ) for all 𝑘 ∈ ℕ.

2. Main Results
In this section, we shall study some of the containment relations on the class ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃) for
different values of α and 𝑃 and examine the linear structures of ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃).
Lemma 2.1. ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃) ⊂ ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛽, 𝑃) if inf𝑘 𝛿𝑘 > 0.
Proof:
Let infk 𝛿𝑘 > 0 and let 𝑥 = (𝑥𝑘 ) ∈ ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃) then there exist 𝑚1 > 0, 𝜂 > 0 and positive integer K
such that
‖𝛼𝑘 ∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘
𝑀 |𝛽𝑘 |𝑝𝑘 < |𝛼𝑘 |𝑝𝑘 ∀ 𝑘 ≥ 𝐾 and ∑∞
𝑘=𝐾 𝑀( 𝜂
) < ∞.

Choose 𝜂1 > 0 such that 𝜂 < 𝑚1 𝜂1 . Since M is non-decreasing, we have

∞ ∞
‖𝛽𝑘 ∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘 |𝛽𝑘 |𝑝𝑘 ‖∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘
∑ 𝑀( ) = ∑ 𝑀( )
𝜂1 𝜂1
𝑘=𝐾 𝑘=𝐾

∞
|𝛼𝑘 |𝑝𝑘 ‖∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘
≤ ∑ 𝑀( )
𝑚1 𝜂1
𝑘=𝐾

∞
‖𝛼𝑘 ∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘
≤ ∑ 𝑀( )
𝜂
𝑘=𝐾

<∞

which indicates that 𝑥 = (𝑥𝑘 ) ∈ ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛽, 𝑃). Thus

ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃) ⊂ ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛽, 𝑃).
□

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 Nepal Journal of Mathematical Sciences (NJMS), Vol. 5, No. 2 , 2024 (August): 13-20

Lemma 2.2. If ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃) ⊂ ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛽, 𝑃) , then infk 𝛿𝑘 > 0.

Proof:
Assume that ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃) ⊂ ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛽, 𝑃) holds but 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑘 𝛿𝑘 = 0 so that we can find a sequence (k(n)) of
integers such that 𝑘(𝑛 + 1) > 𝑘(𝑛) ≥ 1 for which
𝑝𝑘(𝑛) 𝑝𝑘(𝑛)
𝑛2 |𝛼𝑘(𝑛) | < |𝛽𝑘(𝑛) | ∀𝑛 ≥ 1.
Corresponding to 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋, with ‖𝑧‖ = 1 we can define a sequence 𝑥 = (𝑥𝑘 ) by
−2⁄
−1 𝑝𝑘(𝑛)
∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 = {𝛼𝑘(𝑛) 𝑛 for 𝑘 = 𝑘(𝑛), 𝑛 ≥ 1
0, otherwise
By using the convexity of M , we have
−2⁄ 𝑝𝑘(𝑛)
∞ ∞ 𝑝𝑘(𝑛) ∞
‖𝛼𝑘 ∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘 ‖𝑛 𝑧‖ 1
∑𝑀( ) = ∑𝑀( ) =∑𝑀( 2 )
𝜂 𝜂 𝑛 𝜂
𝑘=1 𝑛=1 𝑛=1

∞
1 1
≤ 𝑀 ( ) ∑ 2 < ∞.
𝜂 𝑛
𝑛=1

⟹ 𝑥 ∈ ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃).
But on the other hand for any 𝜂 > 0 we have
−2⁄ 𝑝𝑘(𝑛)
∞ ∞
‖𝛽𝑘 ∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘 ‖𝛽𝑘(𝑛) 𝑛 𝑝𝑘(𝑛) 𝑧‖
∑𝑀( ) = ∑𝑀( )
𝜂 𝛼𝑘(𝑛) 𝜂
𝑘=1 𝑛=1

𝑝𝑘(𝑛)
𝛽 1
= ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑀 (|𝛼
𝑘(𝑛)
| 𝑛2 𝜂
)
𝑘(𝑛)

1
≥ ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑀 ( 𝜂) = ∞,

showing that 𝑥 ∉ ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛽, 𝑃) which is a contradiction. So we have 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑘 𝛿𝑘 > 0.

□
Theorem 2.3. ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃) ⊂ ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛽, 𝑃) if and only if infk 𝛿𝑘 > 0.
After combining Lemmas 2.1 and 2.2, the result follows:
Theorem 2.4. ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛽, 𝑃) ⊂ ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃) if only if lim 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑘 𝛿𝑘 < ∞.
Proof:
Let lim 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑘 𝛿𝑘 < ∞. Then we can find a positive integer L such that 𝐿|𝛽𝑘 |𝑝𝑘 > |𝛼𝑘 |𝑝𝑘 for sufficiently
large k. Then by using lemma 1 the result follows.
For the necessity, suppose that ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛽, 𝑃) ⊂ ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃) but lim 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑘 𝛿𝑘 = ∞. we can find a sequence
(k(n)) of integers such that 𝑘(𝑛 + 1) > 𝑘(𝑛) ≥ 1 for which
𝑝𝑘(𝑛)
𝛼𝑘(𝑛)
| | > 𝑛2 , ∀𝑛 ≥ 1.
𝛽𝑘(𝑛)

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 Prem P. Kaphle, Gyan P.Paudel & Purushottam Parajuli / On Difference Sequence Space ….

Now corresponding to 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋, with ‖𝑧‖ = 1, we can define a sequence 𝑥 = (𝑥𝑘 ) by

−2⁄
−1 𝑝𝑘(𝑛)
∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 = {𝛽𝑘(𝑛) 𝑛 for 𝑘 = 𝑘(𝑛), 𝑛 ≥ 1
0 otherwise
By using convexity of M , we have
−2⁄ 𝑝𝑘(𝑛)
𝑝𝑘(𝑛)
‖𝑛 𝑧‖
‖𝛽𝑘 ∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘 1
∑∞
𝑘=1 𝑀 ( ) = ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑀 ( ) = ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑀 (𝑛2 𝜂)
𝜂 𝜂

∞
1 1
≤ 𝑀( )∑ 2 < ∞
𝜂 𝑛
𝑛=1
which shows that 𝑥 ∈ ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛽, 𝑃).
On the other hand for any 𝜂 > 0 we have
−2⁄ 𝑝𝑘(𝑛)
𝑝𝑘(𝑛)
‖𝛼𝑘(𝑛) 𝑛 𝑧‖
‖𝛼𝑘 ∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘
∑∞
𝑘=1 𝑀 ( ) = ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑀 ( )
𝜂 𝛽𝑘(𝑛) 𝜂

𝑝𝑘(𝑛)
𝛼 1
= ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑀 (|𝛽
𝑘(𝑛)
| 𝑛2 𝜂
)
𝑘(𝑛)

1
≥ ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑀 ( 𝜂) = ∞,

showing that 𝑥 ∉ ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃), a contradiction.

This completes the proof.
□
Lemma 2.5 : ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃) forms a linear space over ℂ if lim 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑘 𝑝𝑘 < ∞.
Proof:
Let 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑘 𝑝𝑘 < ∞. Let 𝑥, 𝑦 ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃)and let 𝑎, 𝑏 ℂ then there exist scalars 𝜂1 , 𝜂2 > 0 such that
∑∞ 𝑚
𝑘=1 𝛼𝑘 Δ 𝑥𝑘 < ∞ ∑∞ 𝑚
𝑘=1 𝛼𝑘 Δ 𝑥𝑘 < ∞.
Let us choose 𝜂3 such that
2D𝜂1 max{1, |𝑎|} ≤ 𝜂3 and 2D𝜂2 max{1, |𝑏|} ≤ 𝜂3 .
For such ≤ 𝜂3 , by using non-decreasing and convex properties of M ,we have
∞ ∞
‖𝛼𝑘 (𝑎Δ𝑚 𝑥𝑘 + bΔ𝑚 𝑦𝑘 )‖𝑝𝑘 𝐷‖𝑎 𝛼𝑘 Δ𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘 𝐷‖𝑏𝛼𝑘 Δ𝑚 𝑦𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘
∑𝑀( ) ≤ ∑𝑀( + )
𝜂3 𝜂3 𝜂3
𝑘=1 𝑘=1
∞
𝐷|𝑎|𝑝𝑘 ‖𝛼𝑘 Δ𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘 𝐷|𝑏|𝑝𝑘 ‖𝛼𝑘 Δ𝑚 𝑦𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘
= ∑𝑀( + )
𝜂3 𝜂3
𝑘=1
∞
‖𝛼𝑘 Δ𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘 ‖𝛼𝑘 Δ𝑚 𝑦𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘
≤ ∑𝑀( + )
2𝜂1 2𝜂2
𝑘=1
∞ ∞
1 ‖𝛼𝑘 Δ𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘 1 ‖𝛼𝑘 Δ𝑚 𝑦𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘
≤ ∑𝑀( ) + ∑ 𝑀 ( ) < ∞.
2 𝜂1 2 𝜂2
𝑘=1 𝑘=1

This implies that ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃) forms a linear space over ℂ. □

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 Nepal Journal of Mathematical Sciences (NJMS), Vol. 5, No. 2 , 2024 (August): 13-20

Lemma 2.6 : If ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃) forms a linear space over ℂ , then lim 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑘 𝑝𝑘 < ∞.
Proof:
Suppose that ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃) is a linear space over ℂ but lim 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑘 𝑝𝑘 = ∞. we can find a sequence (k(n)) of
integers such that 𝑘(𝑛 + 1) > 𝑘(𝑛) ≥ 1, 𝑛 ≥ 1 for which 𝑝𝑘(𝑛) > 𝑛 for which 𝑛 ≥ 1. Now corresponding
to 𝑧 ∈ 𝑋, with ‖𝑧‖ = 1 we can define a sequence 𝑥 = (𝑥𝑘 ) by
−2⁄
−1 𝑝𝑘(𝑛)
∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 = {𝛼𝑘(𝑛) 𝑛 𝑧 for 𝑘 = 𝑘(𝑛), 𝑛 ≥ 1
0 otherwise
Then for 𝑘 = 𝑘(𝑛), we have
−2⁄ 𝑝𝑘
∞ ∞ 𝑝𝑘(𝑛)
‖𝛼𝑘 𝑎∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘 ‖𝑛 𝑧‖
∑𝑀( ) = ∑𝑀( )
𝜂 𝜂
𝑘=1 𝑘=1

1 1 1
= ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑀 ( ) ≤ 𝑀 ( ) ∑∞
𝑛=1
𝑛2 𝜂 𝜂 𝑛2

< ∞.
So, 𝑥  ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃).
On the other hand since 𝑝𝑘(𝑛) > 𝑛 for any 𝑛 ≥ 1 and scalar a = 4 we get
−2⁄ 𝑝𝑘
𝑝𝑘(𝑛)
‖4 𝑛 𝑧‖
‖𝛼𝑘 𝑎∆𝑚 𝑥𝑘 ‖𝑝𝑘
∑∞
𝑘=1 𝑀 ( ) = ∑∞
𝑘=1 𝑀 ( )
𝜂 𝜂

∞
4𝑛
≥ ∑𝑀( )
𝑛2 𝜂
𝑛=1
1 4𝑛
≥ ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑀 ( ) = ∞ as > 1, for each 𝑛 ≥ 1.
𝜂 𝑛2

This shows that 𝛼𝑥ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃, ) which gives a contradiction. This completes the proof.
□
On combining Lemmas 2.5 and 2.6, the theorem 2.7 follows.

Theorem 2.7: ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃) forms a linear space over ℂ if and only if lim 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑘 𝑝𝑘 < ∞.

3. Conclusion
Sequence spaces are important in mathematics, particularly in mathematical and functional analysis. Here,
using the concept of difference sequence spaces, we have discussed various fundamental topological
properties of the generalized form of difference sequence space ℓ𝑀 ( 𝑋, 𝛼, 𝑃).

Acknowledgement

This article is the generalization of the works on vector valued paranormed sequence space defined by
Orlicz function [16] studied by Srivastava and Pahari. The authors would like to express our deep
gratitude and sincerely thank our thesis supervisor, Professor Narayan Prasad Pahari, for his exceptional
guidance, valuable advice, and constant support in preparing this article.

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 Prem P. Kaphle, Gyan P.Paudel & Purushottam Parajuli / On Difference Sequence Space ….

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