‭Charles’s Law Lab Data Sheet‬

‭Data‬
‭Pressure‬ ‭Temperature‬ ‭Temperature‬ ‭Constant,‬‭k‬
‭(kPa)‬ ‭(°C)‬ ‭(K)‬ ‭(P / T or P•T)‬
‭85.43 kPa‬ ‭-14.1 C ‬ ‭259.05 K‬ ‭0.3298 ‬
‭88.12 kPa‬ ‭2.5 C‬ ‭275.65 K‬ ‭0.3197 ‬
‭93.17 kPa‬ ‭20.9 C ‬ ‭294.05 K ‬ ‭0.3169‬
‭99.15 kPa‬ ‭48.8 C ‬ ‭321.95 K‬ ‭0.3080‬
‭107.83 kPa‬ ‭91.5 C‬ ‭364.65 K‬ ‭0.2957‬

‭1.‬ ‭In order to perform this experiment, what two experimental factors were kept constant?‬

‭Moles of Gas and Volume‬

‭2.‬ B
‭ ased on the data and graph that you obtained for this experiment, express in words the relationship‬
‭between gas pressure and temperature.‬

‭Directly proportional‬

‭3.‬ ‭Explain this relationship using the concepts of molecular velocity and collisions of molecules.‬

‭ he more the temperature increased, there was more kinetic energy within the molecules hence a higher‬
T
‭amount of collisions, which increased pressure.‬

‭4.‬ T
‭ he data that you have collected can also be used to determine the value for‬
‭absolute zero on the Celsius temperature scale. Instead of plotting pressure versus‬
‭Kelvin temperature like we did above, this time you will plot Celsius temperature‬
‭on the y-axis and pressure on the x-axis. Since absolute zero is the temperature at‬
‭which the pressure theoretically becomes equal to zero, the temperature where the‬
‭regression line (the extension of the temperature-pressure curve) intercepts the‬
‭y-axis should be the Celsius temperature value for absolute zero. You can use the‬
‭data you collected in this experiment to determine a value for absolute zero.‬
‭Rescale the temperature axis from a minimum of –300°C to a maximum of‬
‭200°C. This may be done by clicking on the minimum or maximum value‬
‭displayed on the graph axis and editing them. The pressure axis should be scaled‬
‭from 0 kPa to 150 kPa.‬
‭Plot a Linear Fit line. A best-fit linear regression curve will be shown for the five data points. The equation‬
‭for the regression line will be displayed in a box on the graph, in the form‬‭y‬‭= ‭m
‬ x‬‭+‬‭b‬‭. The numerical‬‭value‬
‭for b is the y-intercept and represents the Celsius value for absolute zero. What value does your data suggest‬
‭to be absolute zero (i.e. what is your y-intercept)?‬

‭-134.75 K‬
‭5.‬ ‭Insert a screenshot of your graph of pressure vs. temperature in °C below.‬

‭6.‬ E
‭ xamine your graph of pressure‬‭vs‬‭. temperature (°C).‬‭In order to determine if the relationship between‬
‭pressure and temperature is direct or inverse, you must use an absolute temperature scale; that is, a‬
‭temperature scale whose 0° point corresponds to absolute zero. We will use the Kelvin absolute temperature‬
‭scale. Instead of manually adding 273 to each of the Celsius temperatures to obtain Kelvin values, you can‬
‭create a new data column for Kelvin temperature.‬
‭a.‬ ‭Choose New Calculated Column from the Data menu.‬
‭b.‬ ‭Enter “Temp Kelvin” as the Name, “T Kelvin” as the Short Name, and “K” as the Unit. Enter the correct‬
‭formula for the column into the Equation edit box. Type in “273+”. Then select “Temperature” from the‬
‭Variables list. In the Equation edit box, you should now see displayed: 273+“Temperature”. Click‬
‭.‬
‭c.‬ ‭Click the horizontal axis label and select “Temp Kelvin” to be displayed on the horizontal axis.‬
‭d.‬ ‭Click Curve Fit,‬ ‭.‬
‭e.‬ ‭If you think the relationship is linear (or direct), use Linear. If you think the relationship represents a‬
‭power, use Power. Click‬ ‭.‬
‭f.‬ ‭A best-fit curve will be displayed on the graph. If you made the correct choice, the curve should match‬
‭up well with the points. If the curve does not match up well, try a different mathematical function and‬
‭click‬ ‭again. When the curve has a good fit with‬‭the data points, then click‬ ‭.‬
‭g.‬ ‭Autoscale both axes from zero by double-clicking in the center of the graph to view Graph Options.‬
‭Click the Axis Options tab, and select Autoscale from 0 for both axes.‬

‭Insert a screenshot of your graph of pressure vs. temperature in K below.‬

‭7.‬ W
‭ rite an equation to express the relationship between pressure and temperature (K). Use the symbols‬‭P‬‭,‬‭T‬‭,‬
‭and‬‭k‭.‬‬

‭P/T=k‬

‭8.‬ O
‭ ne way to determine if a relationship is inverse or direct is to find a proportionality constant,‬‭k‭,‬‬‭from the‬
‭data. If this relationship is direct,‬‭k‬‭=‬‭P‬‭/‭T
‬ ‬‭. If‬‭it is inverse,‬‭k‬‭=‬‭P‬‭•‭T
‬ ‬‭. Based on your answer to Question‬‭4,‬
‭choose one of these formulas and calculate‬‭k‬‭for the‬‭four ordered pairs in your data table (divide or multiply‬
‭the‬‭P‬‭and‬‭T‬‭values). Show the answer in the fourth‬‭column of the Data and Calculations table. How‬
‭“constant” were your values?‬

‭k‬‭=‬‭P/T.‬‭Our values were fairly constant. They were‬‭all within an interval of 0.350.‬

‭Chemistry with Vernier‬ ‭3‬