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Experiment 05 Full Wave

The document outlines Experiment No. 05, which focuses on studying a full wave bridge rectifier circuit, including its objectives, equipment, theory, and results. It explains the operation of the circuit, the role of diodes, and the effect of capacitors on output voltage. The experiment successfully demonstrated the rectification process and provided insights into the characteristics of the full wave rectifier.

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37 views5 pages

Experiment 05 Full Wave

The document outlines Experiment No. 05, which focuses on studying a full wave bridge rectifier circuit, including its objectives, equipment, theory, and results. It explains the operation of the circuit, the role of diodes, and the effect of capacitors on output voltage. The experiment successfully demonstrated the rectification process and provided insights into the characteristics of the full wave rectifier.

Uploaded by

smdrocky2809
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No: 05

Experiment Name: Study of a full wave bridge rectifier circuit.

Objectives:
To observe, measure and calculate readings, draw curve and study the characteristics of
full wave rectifier circuit.

Equipments:
1. Diode ( 4 pieces )
2. Resistor ( 1 piece ) ( 10 kΩ )
3. Capacitor ( 3 pieces ) (0.01µF, 0.1µF, 1µF )
4. Function Generator
5. Connecting Prob
6. Oscilloscope

Theory :
The dc level obtained from a sinusoidal input can be improved 100% using a process
called full-wave rectification. The most familiar network for performing such a function
appears in Fig. 1 with its four diodes in a bridge configuration. During the period t =0 to
T/2 the polarity of the input is as shown in Fig. 2. The resulting polarities across the ideal
diodes are also shown in Fig. 2 to reveal that D2 and D3are conducting while D1 and D4
are in the “off” state. The net result is the configuration of Fig. 3, with its indicated
current and polarity across R. Since the diodes are ideal the load voltage is vo=vi, as
shown in the same figure.

Figure 1 :Full-wave bridge rectifier.


Figure 2 :Network of Fig. 1 for the period 0 T/2 of the input voltage vi.

Figure 3 :Conduction path for the positive region of vi.

For the negative region of the input the conducting diodes are D1 and D4, resulting in the
configuration of Fig. 4. The important result is that the polarity across the load resistor R
is the same as in Fig. 2, establishing a second positive pulse, as shown in Fig. 4. Over one
full cycle the input and output voltages will appear as shown in Fig. 5.

Figure 4 :Conduction path for the negative region of vi.


Figure 5 :Input and output waveforms for a full-wave rectifier.

Since the area above the axis for one full cycle is now twice that obtained for ahalf-wave
system, the dc level has also been doubled and
Vdc=2(0.318Vm)
Or, (Vdc=0.636Vm )full-wave --------------------- ( 1 )
If silicon rather than ideal diodes are employed as shown in Fig. 6, an application of
Kirchhoff’s voltage law around the conduction path would result in
vi -VT-vo-VT=0
and vo=vi-2VT
The peak value of the output voltage vois therefore
vo max= Vm-2VT
For situations where Vm >>2VT,Eq. (2) can be applied for the average value with
a relatively high level of accuracy.
Vdc=0.636(Vm- 2VT) ------------------------ (2)

Figure 6

Then again, if Vm is sufficiently greater than 2VT, then Eq. (1) is often applied as a first
approximation for Vdc.
Circuit Diagram:

Figure 7 : Full-wave bridge rectifier with Capacitor

Experiment Data:

Input : Input voltage, vi = 13 volt


Frequency, f = 150 Hz
Time period, T= 5.8 ms
Output: Output voltage, vo= 12 volt
Before using capacitor, time period, T0 = 2.8 ms
After using capacitors, Output voltages :
For 0.1µF capacitor, vo = 12 volt

1µF capacitor, vo = 10.5 volt

10 µF capacitor, vo = 7 volt

Graph :

Figure 1: Supply Voltage


Figure 2: Output Full Wave Figure 3: 0.1µF capacitance for filter

Figure 4: 1µF capacitance for filter Figure 5: 10µF capacitance for filter

Conclusion:
The study of the full wave rectifier circuit has provided valuable insights into its
operation and performance characteristics. Throughout the experiment, we constructed
and analyzed a full wave rectifier circuit using diodes and essential electronic
components. The circuit was designed to rectify the input AC signal, allowing only the
positive half-cycles to pass, effectively converting them into positive DC voltage. The
experiment successfully achieved its objectives and provided valuable practical
knowledge about the working principles and characteristics of the full wave rectifier
circuit

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