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Conditions For Fourier Transform's Existence: School of Electronics Engineering Fall 2019-20 Semester

The document discusses the Fourier Transform of continuous-time signals, detailing the conditions for its existence, examples of transforms for specific functions, and various properties of the Fourier Transform. It outlines the Dirichlet conditions necessary for the Fourier Transform to exist and provides examples including the rectangular gate function and single-sided exponential signal. Additionally, it lists standard Fourier Transform pairs and properties such as linearity, time shifting, and convolution.

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3 views6 pages

Conditions For Fourier Transform's Existence: School of Electronics Engineering Fall 2019-20 Semester

The document discusses the Fourier Transform of continuous-time signals, detailing the conditions for its existence, examples of transforms for specific functions, and various properties of the Fourier Transform. It outlines the Dirichlet conditions necessary for the Fourier Transform to exist and provides examples including the rectangular gate function and single-sided exponential signal. Additionally, it lists standard Fourier Transform pairs and properties such as linearity, time shifting, and convolution.

Uploaded by

Kaviraj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 3: Fourier Analysis of Continuous-time Signals

Conditions for Fourier Transform’s Existence


The Fourier Transform X (ω) of x(t) exists if the following Dirichlet
conditions are satisfied.
R∞
x(t) is absolutely integrable; that is, −∞ |x(t)|dt < ∞.
x(t) has a finite number of maxima and minima within any finite
interval.
x(t) has a finite number of discontinuities within any finite interval,
and each of these discontinuities is finite.
Note that this set of conditions are sufficient but not necessary.

School of Electronics Engineering VIT-Chennai - SENSE Fall 2019-20 Semester 17 / 32


Module 3: Fourier Analysis of Continuous-time Signals
Example 3.3: Find the Fourier transform of the rectangular gate function
(
A, for − τ2 < t < τ2
x(t) =
0, elsewhere
Z ∞
Answer: X (ω) = x(t)e −jωt dt
−∞
Z τ Z τ
2 2
= Ae −jωt dt = A e −jωt dt
− τ2 − τ2
 −jωt τ /2  −jωτ /2
e jωτ /2

e e
=A =A −
−jω −τ /2 −jω −jω
 
2A ωτ
= sin Using Euler’s formula
ω 2
 
ωτ
X (ω) = Aτ sinc .
2
School of Electronics Engineering VIT-Chennai - SENSE Fall 2019-20 Semester 18 / 32
Module 3: Fourier Analysis of Continuous-time Signals

Example 3.4: Find the Fourier transform of the single-sided exponential


signal x(t) given below, for a > 0.
(
e −at , for t ≥ 0
x(t) =
0, otherwise

Z ∞
Answer: X (ω) = x(t)e −jωt dt
Z−∞
∞ Z ∞
−at −jωt
= e e dt = e −(a+jω)t dt
0 0
∞
e −(a+jω)t

=
−(a + jω) 0
1
X (ω) = .
a + jω

School of Electronics Engineering VIT-Chennai - SENSE Fall 2019-20 Semester 19 / 32


Module 3: Fourier Analysis of Continuous-time Signals

Fourier Transforms of some other standard functions

Unit-strength impulse function: F [δ(t)] = 1.

Impulse function with strength A: F [A δ(t)] = A.

Constant A: F [A] = 2πA δ(ω).

Exponential e ±jω0 t : F [e ±jω0 t ] = 2π δ(ω ∓ ω0 ).

Impulse train δT0 (t): F [δT0 (t)] = ω0 δω0 (ω).

Signum funtion sgn(t): F [sgn(t)] = 2


jω .

Refer FT-pairs.pdf for the summary of Fourier Transform pairs.

School of Electronics Engineering VIT-Chennai - SENSE Fall 2019-20 Semester 20 / 32


Module 3: Fourier Analysis of Continuous-time Signals

Properties of Fourier Transform

Linearity: If x1 (t) ↔ X1 (ω) and x2 (t) ↔ X2 (ω), then

a1 x1 (t) + a2 x2 (t) ↔ a1 X1 (ω) + a2 X2 (ω).

Time shifting: If x(t) ↔ X (ω), then x(t − τ ) ↔ e −jωτ X (ω).

Frequency shifting: If x(t) ↔ X (ω), then x(t)e jω0 t ↔ X (ω − ω0 ).

Time differentiation: If x(t) ↔ X (ω), then

d
[x(t)] ↔ jωX (ω).
dt

School of Electronics Engineering VIT-Chennai - SENSE Fall 2019-20 Semester 21 / 32


Module 3: Fourier Analysis of Continuous-time Signals

Time convolution: If x1 (t) ↔ X1 (ω) and x2 (t) ↔ X2 (ω), then

x1 (t) ∗ x2 (t) ↔ X1 (ω) X2 (ω).

convolution in time domain ⇐⇒ multiplication in frequency domain.


Time multiplication: If x1 (t) ↔ X1 (ω) and x2 (t) ↔ X2 (ω), then

1
x1 (t) x2 (t) ↔ X1 (ω) ∗ X2 (ω).
2π
multiplication in time domain ⇐⇒ convolution in frequency domain.

Parseval’s Theorem: If x(t) ↔ X (ω), then


Z ∞ Z ∞
1
|x(t)|2 dt = |X (ω)|2 dω.
−∞ 2π −∞

Refer FT-properties.pdf for the summary of Fourier Transform properties.


School of Electronics Engineering VIT-Chennai - SENSE Fall 2019-20 Semester 22 / 32

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