ASIANINSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES

Bachelor of Science in Computer Science

Course Modules
CC123 – Intermediate Computer Programming 2
1st Year – 2nd Semester

MODULE 2: VARIABLES AND OPERATORS

WEEK 4
Learning Outcomes:
After completing this course, you are expected to demonstrate the following:

1. Discuss the Loops and its type.

A. Engage
Quotation Station

Figure 4.0: A quote by Martin Fowlernaturalized American software developer, author and
international public speaker on software development, specialising in object-oriented analysis
and design, UML, patterns, and agile software development methodologies, including extreme
programming.
B. Explore
Video Titles:
1. WEEK4_Tutorial For Loop
2. WEEK4_Tutorial While Loop
3. WEEK4_Tutorial Do While Loop

Youtube Links:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-eYJEYYAsk
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPpZCOCVtec
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRdPe2acogw

Prepared and Validated By: Ms. Jonalyn Reyes | Dean Manuel Luis C. Delos Santos, MSCS Page 1 of 10
 ASIANINSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
Course Modules
CC123 – Intermediate Computer Programming 2
1st Year – 2nd Semester

C. Explain
There may be a situation, when you need to execute a block of code several number of times.
In general, statements are executed sequentially: The first statement in a function is executed
first, followed by the second, and so on.

Programming languages provide various control structures that allow for more complicated
execution paths.

A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times and
following is the general from of a loop statement in most of the programming languages.

D. Elaborate

In any programming language, loops are used to execute a set of statements repeatedly until a
particular condition is satisfied.

Figure 4.1 Loops Program Flow

A sequence of statement is executed until a specified condition is true. This sequence of
statement to be executed is kept inside the curly braces { } known as loop body. After every
execution of loop body, condition is checked, and if it is found to be true the loop body is
executed again. When condition check comes out to be false, the loop body will not be
executed.
There are 3 type of loops in C++ language
1. while loop
2. for loop
3. do-while loop

Prepared and Validated By: Ms. Jonalyn Reyes | Dean Manuel Luis C. Delos Santos, MSCS Page 2 of 10
 ASIANINSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
Course Modules
CC123 – Intermediate Computer Programming 2
1st Year – 2nd Semester

1. While Loop - A while loop statement repeatedly executes a target statement as long as a
given condition is true.
The syntax of a while loop in C++ is :
while(condition) {
statement(s);
}
Here, statement(s) may be a single statement or a block of statements. The condition may be
any expression, and true is any non-zero value. The loop iterates while the condition is true.
When the condition becomes false, program control passes to the line immediately following
the loop.

Figure 4.2 While Loop Flow Diagram

Here, key point of the while loop is that the loop might not ever run. When the condition is
tested and the result is false, the loop body will be skipped and the first statement after the
while loop will be executed.
Example 3.1
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
// Local variable declaration:

Prepared and Validated By: Ms. Jonalyn Reyes | Dean Manuel Luis C. Delos Santos, MSCS Page 3 of 10
 ASIANINSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
Course Modules
CC123 – Intermediate Computer Programming 2
1st Year – 2nd Semester

int a = 10;

// while loop execution

while( a< 20 ) {
cout << "value of a: " << a <<endl;
a++;
}

return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
value of a: 10
value of a: 11
value of a: 12
value of a: 13
value of a: 14
value of a: 15
value of a: 16
value of a: 17
value of a: 18
value of a: 19
2. For Loop - A for loop is a repetition control structure that allows you to efficiently write a
loop that needs to execute a specific number of times.
The syntax of a for loop in C++ is −
for ( init; condition; increment ) {
statement(s);
}
Here is the flow of control in a for loop −

Prepared and Validated By: Ms. Jonalyn Reyes | Dean Manuel Luis C. Delos Santos, MSCS Page 4 of 10
 ASIANINSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
Course Modules
CC123 – Intermediate Computer Programming 2
1st Year – 2nd Semester

 The init step is executed first, and only once. This step allows you to declare and
initialize any loop control variables. You are not required to put a statement here, as
long as a semicolon appears.
 Next, the condition is evaluated. If it is true, the body of the loop is executed. If it is
false, the body of the loop does not execute and flow of control jumps to the next
statement just after the for loop.
 After the body of the for loop executes, the flow of control jumps back up to the
increment statement. This statement can be left blank, as long as a semicolon appears
after the condition.
 The condition is now evaluated again. If it is true, the loop executes and the process
repeats itself (body of loop, then increment step, and then again condition). After the
condition becomes false, the for loop terminates.

Figure 3.3 For Loop Flow Diagram

Prepared and Validated By: Ms. Jonalyn Reyes | Dean Manuel Luis C. Delos Santos, MSCS Page 5 of 10
 ASIANINSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
Course Modules
CC123 – Intermediate Computer Programming 2
1st Year – 2nd Semester

Example 3.2
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main () {
// for loop execution
for( int a = 10; a < 20; a = a + 1 ) {
cout << "value of a: " << a <<endl;
}

return 0;
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
value of a: 10
value of a: 11
value of a: 12
value of a: 13
value of a: 14
value of a: 15
value of a: 16
value of a: 17
value of a: 18
value of a: 19
3. Do While Loop -A do...while loop is similar to a while loop, except that a do...while loop is
guaranteed to execute at least one time.

Prepared and Validated By: Ms. Jonalyn Reyes | Dean Manuel Luis C. Delos Santos, MSCS Page 6 of 10
 ASIANINSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
Course Modules
CC123 – Intermediate Computer Programming 2
1st Year – 2nd Semester

Unlike for and while loops, which test the loop condition at the top of the loop, the do...while
loop checks its condition at the bottom of the loop.
The syntax of a do...while loop in C++ is:
do {
statement(s);
}
while( condition );
Notice that the conditional expression appears at the end of the loop, so the statement(s) in
the loop execute once before the condition is tested.
If the condition is true, the flow of control jumps back up to do, and the statement(s) in the
loop execute again. This process repeats until the given condition becomes false.

Figure 3.5 Flow Diagram Do While Loop

Prepared and Validated By: Ms. Jonalyn Reyes | Dean Manuel Luis C. Delos Santos, MSCS Page 7 of 10
 ASIANINSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
Course Modules
CC123 – Intermediate Computer Programming 2
1st Year – 2nd Semester

Example 3.3
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main () {
// Local variable declaration:
int a = 10;

// do loop execution
do {
cout << "value of a: " << a <<endl;
a = a + 1;
} while( a< 20 );

return 0;
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
value of a: 10
value of a: 11
value of a: 12
value of a: 13
value of a: 14
value of a: 15
value of a: 16
value of a: 17
value of a: 18
value of a: 19

Prepared and Validated By: Ms. Jonalyn Reyes | Dean Manuel Luis C. Delos Santos, MSCS Page 8 of 10
 ASIANINSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
Course Modules
CC123 – Intermediate Computer Programming 2
1st Year – 2nd Semester

E. Evaluate

ASSESSMENT:
Instructions: You may write your answer on the Answer Sheet (AS) provided in this module.
Directions. Read each statement below carefully. Place a T on the line if you think a statement
it TRUE. Place an F on the line if you think the statement is FALSE. (2 Points each)

1. The init step is executed first, and only once. This step allows you to declare and initialize any
loop control variables. You are not required to put a statement here, as long as a semicolon
appears.
2. A while loop statement repeatedly executes atarget statements as long as a given condition
is false.
3. After the body of the for loop executes, the flow of control jumps back up to the increment
statement.This statement can be left blank, as long as a semicolon appears after the condition.
4. A while loop is a repetition control structure thatallows you to efficiently write a loop that
needs to execute a specific number of times.
5. Next, the condition is evaluated. If it is true, the body of the loop is executed. If it is false,
after the for loop.

Review Questions (5 Points each)

1. What is Loop/Looping?
2. How While Loop works?
3. Howfor Loop works?
4. How Do-While Loop works?

Prepared and Validated By: Ms. Jonalyn Reyes | Dean Manuel Luis C. Delos Santos, MSCS Page 9 of 10
 ASIANINSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
Course Modules
CC123 – Intermediate Computer Programming 2
1st Year – 2nd Semester

HANDS-ON ACTIVITY:
Instructions: You may write your answer on the Activity Sheet (ActSheet) provided in this
module.
I. Compile and run the given activity. (15 points each)

1. Display a text 5 times. Explain how the program works. (15 Points)
2. Find the sum of first n Natural numbers. Explain how the program works. (15 Points)

References:

1. C++ Loops
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_loop_types.htm
https://www.guru99.com/cpp-for-loop.html

Facilitated By:
Name :
MS Teams Account (email) :
Smart Phone Number :

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