Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tutorial

The Artificial Intelligence tutorial provides an introduction to AI which will help you to
understand the concepts behind Artificial Intelligence.

What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

In today's world, technology is growing very fast, and we are getting in touch with different
new technologies day by day.

Here, one of the booming technologies of computer science is Artificial Intelligence which
is ready to create a new revolution in the world by making intelligent machines. The
Artificial Intelligence is now all around us. It is currently working with a variety of subfields,
ranging from general to specific, such as self-driving cars, playing chess, proving
theorems, playing music, Painting, etc.

AI is one of the fascinating and universal fields of Computer science which has a great
scope in future. AI holds a tendency to cause a machine to work as a human.

Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words Artificial and Intelligence, where Artificial
defines "man-made," and intelligence defines "thinking power", hence AI means "a man-
made thinking power."

So, we can define AI as:

"It is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines

which can behave like a human, think like humans, and able to make decisions."

Artificial Intelligence exists when a machine can have human based skills such as
learning, reasoning, and solving problems

With Artificial Intelligence you do not need to preprogram a machine to do some work,
despite that you can create a machine with programmed algorithms which can work with
own intelligence, and that is the awesomeness of AI.

It is believed that AI is not a new technology, and some people says that as per Greek
myth, there were Mechanical men in early days which can work and behave like humans.

Why Artificial Intelligence? (Purposes)

Before Learning about Artificial Intelligence, we should know that what is the importance of
AI and why should we learn it. Following are some main reasons to learn about AI:

With the help of AI, you can create such software or devices which can solve real-world
problems very easily and with accuracy such as health issues, marketing, traffic issues,
etc.

With the help of AI, you can create your personal virtual Assistant, such as Cortana,
Google Assistant, Siri, etc.

With the help of AI, you can build such Robots which can work in an environment where
survival of humans can be at risk.
AI opens a path for other new technologies, new devices, and new Opportunities.

Goals of Artificial Intelligence

Following are the main goals of Artificial Intelligence:

 Replicate human intelligence

 Solve Knowledge-intensive tasks
 An intelligent connection of perception and action
 Building a machine which can perform tasks that requires human intelligence such
as:
o Proving a theorem
o Playing chess
o Plan some surgical operation
o Driving a car in traffic
 Creating some system which can exhibit intelligent behavior, learn new things by
itself, demonstrate, explain, and can advise to its user.

What Comprises to Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial Intelligence is not just a part of computer science even it's so vast and requires
lots of other factors which can contribute to it. To create the AI first we should know that
how intelligence is composed, so the Intelligence is an intangible part of our brain which is
a combination of Reasoning, learning, problem-solving perception, language
understanding, etc.

To achieve the above factors for a machine or software Artificial Intelligence requires the
following discipline:

o Mathematics
o Biology
o Psychology
o Sociology
o Computer Science
o Neurons Study
o Statistics

Advantages of Artificial Intelligence

Following are some main advantages of Artificial Intelligence:

o High Accuracy with less errors: AI machines or systems are prone to less
errors and high accuracy as it takes decisions as per pre-experience or
information.
o High-Speed: AI systems can be of very high-speed and fast-decision making,
because of that AI systems can beat a chess champion in the Chess game.
o High reliability: AI machines are highly reliable and can perform the same
action multiple times with high accuracy.
o Useful for risky areas: AI machines can be helpful in situations such as
defusing a bomb, exploring the ocean floor, where to employ a human can be
risky.
o Digital Assistant: AI can be very useful to provide digital assistant to the users
such as AI technology is currently used by various E-commerce websites to
show the products as per customer requirement.
o Useful as a public utility: AI can be very useful for public utilities such as a
self-driving car which can make our journey safer and hassle-free, facial
recognition for security purpose, Natural language processing to communicate
with the human in human-language, etc.

Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence

Every technology has some disadvantages, and the same goes for Artificial
intelligence. Being so advantageous technology still, it has some disadvantages
which we need to keep in our mind while creating an AI system. Following are the
disadvantages of AI:

o High Cost: The hardware and software requirement of AI is very costly as it

requires lots of maintenance to meet current world requirements.
o Can't think out of the box: Even we are making smarter machines with AI, but
still they cannot work out of the box, as the robot will only do that work for which
they are trained, or programmed.
o No feelings and emotions: AI machines can be an outstanding performer, but
still it does not have the feeling so it cannot make any kind of emotional
attachment with human, and may sometime be harmful for users if the proper
care is not taken.
o Increase dependency on machines: With the increment of technology, people
are getting more dependent on devices and hence they are losing their mental
capabilities.
o No Original Creativity: As humans are so creative and can imagine some new
ideas but still AI machines cannot beat this power of human intelligence and
cannot be creative and imaginative.

AI Applications in Business
1. Recruitment
There is a lot of competition for employment, and every day, hundreds of
candidates are applying for the same position in a company. As a result, short
listing the right candidate for the company's HR team becomes a daunting task on
each resume.

To make things easier, companies use Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language
Processing (NLP) to filter through resumes and shortlist candidates who closely
meet their needs. It is done by analyzing various characteristics like location, skill,
education, etc. It also recommends other job positions for the candidates if they are
eligible.

This way, the candidates are selected practically and unbiased, saving time and
manual labor for the HR team.

2. Cyber security
The Internet has made storage and management very convenient in any business.
But with it comes the risk of breaching and leakage of data. Cyber security is a
necessity for all companies and is one of the most important applications of AI.
Every business requires security online since all the important databases of their
company, including financial data, strategies, private information, etc., are stored
online.

With the help of Artificial Intelligence, cyber experts can understand and remove
unwanted noise or data that they might detect. It helps them be aware of any
abnormal activities or malware and be prepared for any attack. It also analyzes big
amounts of data and develops the system accordingly to reduce cyber threats.

3. Market prediction
Stock markets are one of the most popular and unpredictable markets due to their
dynamic nature. Many people invest in the stock markets as they have also proved
very profitable.

But Artificial Intelligence has made it easy too. With techniques like Support Vector
Machines (SVMs) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), which are types of
machine learning, patterns are learned and predicted. This technical analysis is
very important in predicting the financial markets and providing successful results.
This prediction uses three algorithms: Begg-Marquardt, Scaled Conjugate Gradient,
and Bayesian Regularization. Together they provide about 99% accuracy using tick
data.

4. Customer Analysis
Businesses run for their customers, and customers can make or break any brand.
Hence companies need to analyze their customer base and strategize for greater
engagement and improvement in any other area. Earlier, it was very difficult for
companies to get information about their performance.

Most of the exchanges took place in person, and the reaction was predicted
manually through selling or sentimental aspects.

Today, artificial intelligence enables companies to conduct surveys that provide

customer feedback that goes much deeper than just historical data analysis.

It provides accurate data and helps strategize to facilitate better engagement and
sales by providing a better customer experience. Therefore, AI helps make the
business more customer-centric, which ultimately benefits the company.

5. Billing and Invoicing

With all businesses come financial responsibilities. It is conceivable that companies
may frequently have bills, paychecks, and invoices exchanged, among others.
These accounting and financial processes can become very cumbersome if
handled manually.
In addition, there may be calculation mistakes that can lead to terrible losses.
Artificial Intelligence has made financial management easy and accurate by
automating the process.

There is much software available in the market for accounting and invoicing. For
manual paper-based invoicing, these software provide features such as data
extraction and segregation, which, once scanned and uploaded, can extract data
from paper invoices and store them.

Electronic invoices are easier to handle as they are analyzed and stored
automatically. The AI-powered accounting tools are very precise and systematic,
making financial management a very easy task.

6. Proposal Review
Artificial Intelligence has proved to be quite beneficial for proposal review.
Proposals are often exchanged in the business world, and if not properly
scrutinized and analyzed, they can lead the company to the wrong customers.

Now, AI can easily analyze any offer given to the company with the help of machine
learning. The company can automatically hold on to scope pricing and track any
history of the source of the offer.

AI proposal management software is very proficient in qualifying opportunities. It

goes through the proposal and determines the best outcome. It is both a time saver
and often provides accurate predictions. Proposal management software also
provides the company with a strategic plan with which it can grow.

7. Virtual Assistants and Conversational Interfaces

Every business has its own set of services that need to be explained to the masses
to expand its customer base and facilitate its sales. It is not possible for the owners
to individually explain and clear the doubts of each individual.

With the help of artificial intelligence, businesses are introducing virtual assistants
and chatbots into their websites and applications that can answer any user
questions about the company and provide 24/7 customer service.

Usually, chatbots have a pre-programmed answering system, and they follow

specific patterns while answering questions. These are advancing more and more
with the improvement of neural networks and deep learning.

8. Targeted Marketing
Nowadays, all businesses are taking advantage of the Internet to gain more and
more popularity. Targeted marketing or targeted advertising is a method of online
advertising done with the help of NLP and AI that shows advertisements only to
specific audiences.

Their online activities determine the audience, and if they have recently searched
for a similar product/service online, they start seeing ads.
It is a very efficient and profitable marketing method as it saves a lot of money for
the business. It is done through keyword matching.

9. Vulnerability Exploit Prediction

The number of vulnerabilities revealed over the years has been enormous. The
amount of cooperation shown with machines has been very small compared to
humans. It exposes AI to exploitation by humans and risks ruining any business.

Artificial intelligence is the only solution to this problem. It protects the company
from scams and big losses. Companies can predict any malpractices that may risk
exploiting the system through AI, thereby saving the business. AI can also help
identify credit fraud and insurance claim fraud in real-time.

10. Social media insights

Social media has become one of the strongest platforms for brands to promote their
business. It provides them with different types of users to showcase their services.
If a company can use its social media platform properly, it can easily gain many
customers.