Basic English Grammar

Class Notes for 1st Year Seminary Students

Prepared by: Evangelical Bible Seminary

Instructor: [Your Name]

English has eight parts of speech: Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions,
Conjunctions, and Interjections. Each plays a different role in a sentence.

Examples:

Example:
- Noun: The dog is barking.
- Verb: She runs every morning.
- Adjective: The sky is blue.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Identify the noun in this sentence: 'The boy plays football.'
2. Choose the correct verb: 'She (go/goes) to school every day.'
2. Sentence Structure

A sentence consists of a subject and a predicate. There are four main types of sentences:
Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, and Exclamatory.

Examples:

Example:
- Declarative: I love reading books.
- Interrogative: Do you like music?
- Imperative: Please close the door.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Convert the following sentence into an interrogative sentence: 'She is singing.'
2. Write an exclamatory sentence expressing surprise.
3. Tenses & Verb Forms

English has three primary tenses: Present, Past, and Future. Each tense has simple,
continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms.

Examples:

Example:
- Present Simple: I eat an apple.
- Past Continuous: She was reading a book.
- Future Perfect: They will have finished the project.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Fill in the blanks: 'Yesterday, she _____ (go) to the market.'
2. Rewrite the sentence in future tense: 'I am studying English.'
4. Articles & Prepositions

Articles (a, an, the) help define nouns. Prepositions (in, on, at, with, etc.) show relationships
between words in a sentence.

Examples:

Example:
- 'I saw a cat on the roof.'
- 'She lives in London.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct article: 'I bought ___ apple and ___ orange.'
2. Identify the preposition: 'The book is on the table.'
5. Punctuation & Capitalization

Proper punctuation includes periods, commas, semicolons, colons, question marks, and
exclamation marks. Capitalization is important for proper nouns and the beginning of
sentences.

Examples:

Example:
- 'John, please come here!'
- 'She asked, "How are you?"'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Correct the punctuation: 'where is my book'
2. Capitalize the proper nouns in the sentence: 'she went to paris last summer.'
6. Common Grammar Mistakes & Corrections

Many common grammar mistakes occur in writing and speech. Understanding these mistakes
helps improve communication.

Examples:

Example:
- Incorrect: 'Your going to the store.'
- Correct: 'You're going to the store.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Correct the following sentence: 'Their coming over later.'
2. Choose the correct form: 'I have (went/gone) to the market.'
7. Practical Exercises & Examples

This section provides exercises to practice basic English grammar skills.

Examples:

Example:
- Fill in the blanks: 'She _____ (be) very happy today.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Rewrite the sentence in the past tense: 'He plays football every evening.'
2. Identify the verb in the sentence: 'She is singing beautifully.'
1. Parts of Speech

English has eight parts of speech: Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions,
Conjunctions, and Interjections. Each plays a different role in a sentence.

Examples:

Example:
- Noun: The dog is barking.
- Verb: She runs every morning.
- Adjective: The sky is blue.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Identify the noun in this sentence: 'The boy plays football.'
2. Choose the correct verb: 'She (go/goes) to school every day.'
2. Sentence Structure

A sentence consists of a subject and a predicate. There are four main types of sentences:
Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, and Exclamatory.

Examples:

Example:
- Declarative: I love reading books.
- Interrogative: Do you like music?
- Imperative: Please close the door.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Convert the following sentence into an interrogative sentence: 'She is singing.'
2. Write an exclamatory sentence expressing surprise.
3. Tenses & Verb Forms

English has three primary tenses: Present, Past, and Future. Each tense has simple,
continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms.

Examples:

Example:
- Present Simple: I eat an apple.
- Past Continuous: She was reading a book.
- Future Perfect: They will have finished the project.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Fill in the blanks: 'Yesterday, she _____ (go) to the market.'
2. Rewrite the sentence in future tense: 'I am studying English.'
4. Articles & Prepositions

Articles (a, an, the) help define nouns. Prepositions (in, on, at, with, etc.) show relationships
between words in a sentence.

Examples:

Example:
- 'I saw a cat on the roof.'
- 'She lives in London.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct article: 'I bought ___ apple and ___ orange.'
2. Identify the preposition: 'The book is on the table.'
5. Punctuation & Capitalization

Proper punctuation includes periods, commas, semicolons, colons, question marks, and
exclamation marks. Capitalization is important for proper nouns and the beginning of
sentences.

Examples:

Example:
- 'John, please come here!'
- 'She asked, "How are you?"'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Correct the punctuation: 'where is my book'
2. Capitalize the proper nouns in the sentence: 'she went to paris last summer.'
6. Common Grammar Mistakes & Corrections

Many common grammar mistakes occur in writing and speech. Understanding these mistakes
helps improve communication.

Examples:

Example:
- Incorrect: 'Your going to the store.'
- Correct: 'You're going to the store.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Correct the following sentence: 'Their coming over later.'
2. Choose the correct form: 'I have (went/gone) to the market.'
7. Practical Exercises & Examples

This section provides exercises to practice basic English grammar skills.

Examples:

Example:
- Fill in the blanks: 'She _____ (be) very happy today.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Rewrite the sentence in the past tense: 'He plays football every evening.'
2. Identify the verb in the sentence: 'She is singing beautifully.'
1. Parts of Speech

English has eight parts of speech: Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions,
Conjunctions, and Interjections. Each plays a different role in a sentence.

Examples:

Example:
- Noun: The dog is barking.
- Verb: She runs every morning.
- Adjective: The sky is blue.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Identify the noun in this sentence: 'The boy plays football.'
2. Choose the correct verb: 'She (go/goes) to school every day.'
2. Sentence Structure

A sentence consists of a subject and a predicate. There are four main types of sentences:
Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, and Exclamatory.

Examples:

Example:
- Declarative: I love reading books.
- Interrogative: Do you like music?
- Imperative: Please close the door.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Convert the following sentence into an interrogative sentence: 'She is singing.'
2. Write an exclamatory sentence expressing surprise.
3. Tenses & Verb Forms

English has three primary tenses: Present, Past, and Future. Each tense has simple,
continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms.

Examples:

Example:
- Present Simple: I eat an apple.
- Past Continuous: She was reading a book.
- Future Perfect: They will have finished the project.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Fill in the blanks: 'Yesterday, she _____ (go) to the market.'
2. Rewrite the sentence in future tense: 'I am studying English.'
4. Articles & Prepositions

Articles (a, an, the) help define nouns. Prepositions (in, on, at, with, etc.) show relationships
between words in a sentence.

Examples:

Example:
- 'I saw a cat on the roof.'
- 'She lives in London.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct article: 'I bought ___ apple and ___ orange.'
2. Identify the preposition: 'The book is on the table.'
5. Punctuation & Capitalization

Proper punctuation includes periods, commas, semicolons, colons, question marks, and
exclamation marks. Capitalization is important for proper nouns and the beginning of
sentences.

Examples:

Example:
- 'John, please come here!'
- 'She asked, "How are you?"'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Correct the punctuation: 'where is my book'
2. Capitalize the proper nouns in the sentence: 'she went to paris last summer.'
6. Common Grammar Mistakes & Corrections

Many common grammar mistakes occur in writing and speech. Understanding these mistakes
helps improve communication.

Examples:

Example:
- Incorrect: 'Your going to the store.'
- Correct: 'You're going to the store.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Correct the following sentence: 'Their coming over later.'
2. Choose the correct form: 'I have (went/gone) to the market.'
7. Practical Exercises & Examples

This section provides exercises to practice basic English grammar skills.

Examples:

Example:
- Fill in the blanks: 'She _____ (be) very happy today.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Rewrite the sentence in the past tense: 'He plays football every evening.'
2. Identify the verb in the sentence: 'She is singing beautifully.'
1. Parts of Speech

English has eight parts of speech: Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions,
Conjunctions, and Interjections. Each plays a different role in a sentence.

Examples:

Example:
- Noun: The dog is barking.
- Verb: She runs every morning.
- Adjective: The sky is blue.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Identify the noun in this sentence: 'The boy plays football.'
2. Choose the correct verb: 'She (go/goes) to school every day.'
2. Sentence Structure

A sentence consists of a subject and a predicate. There are four main types of sentences:
Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, and Exclamatory.

Examples:

Example:
- Declarative: I love reading books.
- Interrogative: Do you like music?
- Imperative: Please close the door.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Convert the following sentence into an interrogative sentence: 'She is singing.'
2. Write an exclamatory sentence expressing surprise.
3. Tenses & Verb Forms

English has three primary tenses: Present, Past, and Future. Each tense has simple,
continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms.

Examples:

Example:
- Present Simple: I eat an apple.
- Past Continuous: She was reading a book.
- Future Perfect: They will have finished the project.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Fill in the blanks: 'Yesterday, she _____ (go) to the market.'
2. Rewrite the sentence in future tense: 'I am studying English.'
4. Articles & Prepositions

Articles (a, an, the) help define nouns. Prepositions (in, on, at, with, etc.) show relationships
between words in a sentence.

Examples:

Example:
- 'I saw a cat on the roof.'
- 'She lives in London.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct article: 'I bought ___ apple and ___ orange.'
2. Identify the preposition: 'The book is on the table.'
5. Punctuation & Capitalization

Proper punctuation includes periods, commas, semicolons, colons, question marks, and
exclamation marks. Capitalization is important for proper nouns and the beginning of
sentences.

Examples:

Example:
- 'John, please come here!'
- 'She asked, "How are you?"'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Correct the punctuation: 'where is my book'
2. Capitalize the proper nouns in the sentence: 'she went to paris last summer.'
6. Common Grammar Mistakes & Corrections

Many common grammar mistakes occur in writing and speech. Understanding these mistakes
helps improve communication.

Examples:

Example:
- Incorrect: 'Your going to the store.'
- Correct: 'You're going to the store.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Correct the following sentence: 'Their coming over later.'
2. Choose the correct form: 'I have (went/gone) to the market.'
7. Practical Exercises & Examples

This section provides exercises to practice basic English grammar skills.

Examples:

Example:
- Fill in the blanks: 'She _____ (be) very happy today.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Rewrite the sentence in the past tense: 'He plays football every evening.'
2. Identify the verb in the sentence: 'She is singing beautifully.'
1. Parts of Speech

English has eight parts of speech: Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions,
Conjunctions, and Interjections. Each plays a different role in a sentence.

Examples:

Example:
- Noun: The dog is barking.
- Verb: She runs every morning.
- Adjective: The sky is blue.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Identify the noun in this sentence: 'The boy plays football.'
2. Choose the correct verb: 'She (go/goes) to school every day.'
2. Sentence Structure

A sentence consists of a subject and a predicate. There are four main types of sentences:
Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, and Exclamatory.

Examples:

Example:
- Declarative: I love reading books.
- Interrogative: Do you like music?
- Imperative: Please close the door.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Convert the following sentence into an interrogative sentence: 'She is singing.'
2. Write an exclamatory sentence expressing surprise.
3. Tenses & Verb Forms

English has three primary tenses: Present, Past, and Future. Each tense has simple,
continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms.

Examples:

Example:
- Present Simple: I eat an apple.
- Past Continuous: She was reading a book.
- Future Perfect: They will have finished the project.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Fill in the blanks: 'Yesterday, she _____ (go) to the market.'
2. Rewrite the sentence in future tense: 'I am studying English.'
4. Articles & Prepositions

Articles (a, an, the) help define nouns. Prepositions (in, on, at, with, etc.) show relationships
between words in a sentence.

Examples:

Example:
- 'I saw a cat on the roof.'
- 'She lives in London.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct article: 'I bought ___ apple and ___ orange.'
2. Identify the preposition: 'The book is on the table.'
5. Punctuation & Capitalization

Proper punctuation includes periods, commas, semicolons, colons, question marks, and
exclamation marks. Capitalization is important for proper nouns and the beginning of
sentences.

Examples:

Example:
- 'John, please come here!'
- 'She asked, "How are you?"'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Correct the punctuation: 'where is my book'
2. Capitalize the proper nouns in the sentence: 'she went to paris last summer.'
6. Common Grammar Mistakes & Corrections

Many common grammar mistakes occur in writing and speech. Understanding these mistakes
helps improve communication.

Examples:

Example:
- Incorrect: 'Your going to the store.'
- Correct: 'You're going to the store.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Correct the following sentence: 'Their coming over later.'
2. Choose the correct form: 'I have (went/gone) to the market.'
7. Practical Exercises & Examples

This section provides exercises to practice basic English grammar skills.

Examples:

Example:
- Fill in the blanks: 'She _____ (be) very happy today.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Rewrite the sentence in the past tense: 'He plays football every evening.'
2. Identify the verb in the sentence: 'She is singing beautifully.'
1. Parts of Speech

English has eight parts of speech: Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions,
Conjunctions, and Interjections. Each plays a different role in a sentence.

Examples:

Example:
- Noun: The dog is barking.
- Verb: She runs every morning.
- Adjective: The sky is blue.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Identify the noun in this sentence: 'The boy plays football.'
2. Choose the correct verb: 'She (go/goes) to school every day.'
2. Sentence Structure

A sentence consists of a subject and a predicate. There are four main types of sentences:
Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, and Exclamatory.

Examples:

Example:
- Declarative: I love reading books.
- Interrogative: Do you like music?
- Imperative: Please close the door.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Convert the following sentence into an interrogative sentence: 'She is singing.'
2. Write an exclamatory sentence expressing surprise.
3. Tenses & Verb Forms

English has three primary tenses: Present, Past, and Future. Each tense has simple,
continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms.

Examples:

Example:
- Present Simple: I eat an apple.
- Past Continuous: She was reading a book.
- Future Perfect: They will have finished the project.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Fill in the blanks: 'Yesterday, she _____ (go) to the market.'
2. Rewrite the sentence in future tense: 'I am studying English.'
4. Articles & Prepositions

Articles (a, an, the) help define nouns. Prepositions (in, on, at, with, etc.) show relationships
between words in a sentence.

Examples:

Example:
- 'I saw a cat on the roof.'
- 'She lives in London.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct article: 'I bought ___ apple and ___ orange.'
2. Identify the preposition: 'The book is on the table.'
5. Punctuation & Capitalization

Proper punctuation includes periods, commas, semicolons, colons, question marks, and
exclamation marks. Capitalization is important for proper nouns and the beginning of
sentences.

Examples:

Example:
- 'John, please come here!'
- 'She asked, "How are you?"'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Correct the punctuation: 'where is my book'
2. Capitalize the proper nouns in the sentence: 'she went to paris last summer.'
6. Common Grammar Mistakes & Corrections

Many common grammar mistakes occur in writing and speech. Understanding these mistakes
helps improve communication.

Examples:

Example:
- Incorrect: 'Your going to the store.'
- Correct: 'You're going to the store.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Correct the following sentence: 'Their coming over later.'
2. Choose the correct form: 'I have (went/gone) to the market.'
7. Practical Exercises & Examples

This section provides exercises to practice basic English grammar skills.

Examples:

Example:
- Fill in the blanks: 'She _____ (be) very happy today.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Rewrite the sentence in the past tense: 'He plays football every evening.'
2. Identify the verb in the sentence: 'She is singing beautifully.'
1. Parts of Speech

English has eight parts of speech: Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions,
Conjunctions, and Interjections. Each plays a different role in a sentence.

Examples:

Example:
- Noun: The dog is barking.
- Verb: She runs every morning.
- Adjective: The sky is blue.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Identify the noun in this sentence: 'The boy plays football.'
2. Choose the correct verb: 'She (go/goes) to school every day.'
2. Sentence Structure

A sentence consists of a subject and a predicate. There are four main types of sentences:
Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, and Exclamatory.

Examples:

Example:
- Declarative: I love reading books.
- Interrogative: Do you like music?
- Imperative: Please close the door.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Convert the following sentence into an interrogative sentence: 'She is singing.'
2. Write an exclamatory sentence expressing surprise.
3. Tenses & Verb Forms

English has three primary tenses: Present, Past, and Future. Each tense has simple,
continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms.

Examples:

Example:
- Present Simple: I eat an apple.
- Past Continuous: She was reading a book.
- Future Perfect: They will have finished the project.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Fill in the blanks: 'Yesterday, she _____ (go) to the market.'
2. Rewrite the sentence in future tense: 'I am studying English.'
4. Articles & Prepositions

Articles (a, an, the) help define nouns. Prepositions (in, on, at, with, etc.) show relationships
between words in a sentence.

Examples:

Example:
- 'I saw a cat on the roof.'
- 'She lives in London.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct article: 'I bought ___ apple and ___ orange.'
2. Identify the preposition: 'The book is on the table.'
5. Punctuation & Capitalization

Proper punctuation includes periods, commas, semicolons, colons, question marks, and
exclamation marks. Capitalization is important for proper nouns and the beginning of
sentences.

Examples:

Example:
- 'John, please come here!'
- 'She asked, "How are you?"'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Correct the punctuation: 'where is my book'
2. Capitalize the proper nouns in the sentence: 'she went to paris last summer.'
6. Common Grammar Mistakes & Corrections

Many common grammar mistakes occur in writing and speech. Understanding these mistakes
helps improve communication.

Examples:

Example:
- Incorrect: 'Your going to the store.'
- Correct: 'You're going to the store.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Correct the following sentence: 'Their coming over later.'
2. Choose the correct form: 'I have (went/gone) to the market.'
7. Practical Exercises & Examples

This section provides exercises to practice basic English grammar skills.

Examples:

Example:
- Fill in the blanks: 'She _____ (be) very happy today.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Rewrite the sentence in the past tense: 'He plays football every evening.'
2. Identify the verb in the sentence: 'She is singing beautifully.'
1. Parts of Speech

English has eight parts of speech: Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions,
Conjunctions, and Interjections. Each plays a different role in a sentence.

Examples:

Example:
- Noun: The dog is barking.
- Verb: She runs every morning.
- Adjective: The sky is blue.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Identify the noun in this sentence: 'The boy plays football.'
2. Choose the correct verb: 'She (go/goes) to school every day.'
2. Sentence Structure

A sentence consists of a subject and a predicate. There are four main types of sentences:
Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, and Exclamatory.

Examples:

Example:
- Declarative: I love reading books.
- Interrogative: Do you like music?
- Imperative: Please close the door.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Convert the following sentence into an interrogative sentence: 'She is singing.'
2. Write an exclamatory sentence expressing surprise.
3. Tenses & Verb Forms

English has three primary tenses: Present, Past, and Future. Each tense has simple,
continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms.

Examples:

Example:
- Present Simple: I eat an apple.
- Past Continuous: She was reading a book.
- Future Perfect: They will have finished the project.

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Fill in the blanks: 'Yesterday, she _____ (go) to the market.'
2. Rewrite the sentence in future tense: 'I am studying English.'
4. Articles & Prepositions

Articles (a, an, the) help define nouns. Prepositions (in, on, at, with, etc.) show relationships
between words in a sentence.

Examples:

Example:
- 'I saw a cat on the roof.'
- 'She lives in London.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct article: 'I bought ___ apple and ___ orange.'
2. Identify the preposition: 'The book is on the table.'
5. Punctuation & Capitalization

Proper punctuation includes periods, commas, semicolons, colons, question marks, and
exclamation marks. Capitalization is important for proper nouns and the beginning of
sentences.

Examples:

Example:
- 'John, please come here!'
- 'She asked, "How are you?"'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Correct the punctuation: 'where is my book'
2. Capitalize the proper nouns in the sentence: 'she went to paris last summer.'
6. Common Grammar Mistakes & Corrections

Many common grammar mistakes occur in writing and speech. Understanding these mistakes
helps improve communication.

Examples:

Example:
- Incorrect: 'Your going to the store.'
- Correct: 'You're going to the store.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Correct the following sentence: 'Their coming over later.'
2. Choose the correct form: 'I have (went/gone) to the market.'
7. Practical Exercises & Examples

This section provides exercises to practice basic English grammar skills.

Examples:

Example:
- Fill in the blanks: 'She _____ (be) very happy today.'

Exercises:

Exercises:
1. Rewrite the sentence in the past tense: 'He plays football every evening.'
2. Identify the verb in the sentence: 'She is singing beautifully.'