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CHAPTER 4 - Report Limiting Reactant

Chapter 4 discusses limiting and excess reactants in chemical reactions, emphasizing their importance in determining product yields. It outlines the definitions, calculations for theoretical yield, and percentage yield, using examples for clarity. Understanding these concepts is crucial for laboratory practices and industrial applications.

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Maricho Bentazal
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18 views2 pages

CHAPTER 4 - Report Limiting Reactant

Chapter 4 discusses limiting and excess reactants in chemical reactions, emphasizing their importance in determining product yields. It outlines the definitions, calculations for theoretical yield, and percentage yield, using examples for clarity. Understanding these concepts is crucial for laboratory practices and industrial applications.

Uploaded by

Maricho Bentazal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 4: STOICHIOMETRY

Lesson 2: Limiting Reactants and Excess Reactants


Learning Objectives:
1. Define and identify the limiting and excess reactants in a chemical reaction.
2. Use stoichiometric calculations to determine the limiting and excess reactants.
3. Calculate the theoretical yield based on the limiting reactant.
4. Determine the amount of excess reactant remaining after the reaction.
5. Calculate the percentage yield of a chemical reaction.
6. Understand the importance of limiting and excess reactants in real-world applications.
Introduction
In chemical reactions, reactants combine in specific proportions to produce products. However, sometimes
one reactant is completely used up before the others, preventing further reaction. This reactant is known as
the limiting reactant, as it determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed. The reactant
that remains after the reaction is complete is called the excess reactant. Understanding both limiting and
excess reactants is essential for predicting reaction yields in laboratories and industrial processes.
Historical Background
The concept of limiting and excess reactants is rooted in the development of stoichiometry, a branch of
chemistry that studies quantitative relationships in chemical reactions. The principles of stoichiometry were
first formulated by Jeremias Benjamin Richter in the late 18th century. Later, Antoine Lavoisier’s law of
conservation of mass further reinforced the idea that reactants combine in fixed ratios. Today, limiting
reactant calculations are fundamental in chemistry education and industrial applications.

𝐻2 + 𝑂2 → 𝐻2𝑂
Example 1: Identifying the Limiting and Excess Reactants Consider the reaction:

If you have 10 grams of H₂ and 10 grams of O₂, which is the limiting reactant, and which is in excess?
Solution:

2𝐻2 + 𝑂2 → 2𝐻2𝑂
1. Balance the equation:

2. Determine the molar masses: H₂ = 2 g/mol, O₂ = 32 g/mol.


Convert grams to moles:
3. From the balanced equation, the required mole ratio is 2:1 (H₂:O₂).
4. Determine the amount of O₂ needed for 5 moles of H₂:
Compare with available O₂: Only 0.3125 moles are available, meaning O₂ is the limiting reactant.
5. Calculate the theoretical yield or product of H₂O:
o From the balanced equation, 2 moles of H₂ produce 2 moles of H₂O.
2
o Since O₂ is limiting, we use its moles to find the product: 0.3125 x = 0.625 moles H₂O
1
o Convert to grams: H₂O molar mass = 18 g/mol 0.625 x 18 = 11.25 g H₂O
o The theoretical yield of H₂O is 11.25 g.
6. Calculate the percentage yield:
Actual Yield
o Percentage yield formula: Percentage Yield = x 100%
Theoretical Yield

10
o If the actual yield of H₂O in an experiment was 10 g, then: x 100% = 88.89%
11.25
o The percentage yield of H₂O is 88.89%.
7. Since we have more H₂ than required, H₂ is the excess reactant, and the leftover amount is:
5 – (3.125 x 2) = 4.375 moles H₂
o Convert to grams: 4.375 x 2 = 8.75 g H₂
o The excess reactant remaining is 8.75 g of H₂.

Conclusion
Understanding limiting and excess reactants helps in predicting product amounts, optimizing chemical
reactions, and reducing waste. Mastering these calculations is essential for laboratory work, industrial
production, and everyday applications such as cooking and manufacturing materials.

Reported by:

GROUP 1:
1. Maricho M. Bentazal
2. Julita E. Antoman
3. Ricky Magtahas Jr.
4. Jairo Bisaya
5. Larry Nabacilla
6. Johnric Villacrusis
7. Rio Galamiton

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