operdiona Ampliiers
oP-amPs is Tha ampluker
with minite gain
inver tinqinpu
non
neric block
ZV
Lov.a
input utput
inverting iput
IVloo
-12V
Toleal oP-AmP
oinfnite gun
Vout A(V4-V-) oinkinite input imPekence
Z e r output impedence
oS
ics AA autpd
Coad Jl n o loacding etfecE
2 out o
load)
Vo no R R
Current :o
Z in inhinite
opun Grcuit S
Comparator 7 cno Feecd back ),
.iP V V- Then Vou +Vcc Vin
ExGraph Vreb
i V V Then out -Vc
+Vc
iF V =V- Then Vou
Vin
Vouto Von
Ve Vce
ime
op-amps:
-Uegative Feeelbackin (2
in the campükier
e f r o r :O decrease input geing
Vin Ampi fier EA Vout
BYoutCed back a
D Vout A
JU inpuk eis Vm I+A
Zero U otfFerence
(BVoutE
Vout £A t.Error Vin
) = Vin
VouE
A
- Vin -B VouE , Vout(
Vou A A 7
Vin 1+AB
.Vout6 jai will on y oepend
on
Vin
CA
independen t on Ampi ker guin
Cinver ting Ampuher)
Ra ,nejkive Feclback
VV signa
o -Vou Vin No
R
Vin V4 -V. : o
Vcue
Rz
Vm
R
Exam ple :
I L- l2V
V V O
Vin Vo
- 12V
VouVin -Kz
- lo
s u i gain
12 V
SuPply s W
o WI, 12v
12 v
lo &Jan J e
-12V
lov
C unity Gcin tmpliker) (Bulfe)
Aoloco
tIV o Vout
V+ V Vin : Vout
Vout A(V4 - V-)
Vout looo ( Vin-Vout)
Vout A
I+A.
Non inver ting Ampiker)
LT o
Vsig Vout V V : Vin
R T.Vaut-Vin Vi
Vin
R2
Vout. l+ K
Vin R
Example c2):
2V
T4 - I- =o
V4V. =Vin
Vou +
6 Vin R
Vin
-oVout
IKSl
R
Vout +l: 2
vin
SuPply Fron 12 V oV (9ain K2)
T h e input Signal
x2
. if The input Signal 12
2
A
Ccomplex impeclantes ):R, L, c
Z
Vout VeuE
Vin
Vin Vin 2
Summin9 Ampufier ) ( 2 3+
V R - Vo V-o
Re R R
Vo
Vout -Rf +Vz,, V3
f Ri R Rs
.V.RE_(VV
R V,
Enample (3) Cu)
V-ok.V,Va|
k
Vv R, IkA
R lo IK
- lo (+o.1)
2v
a.lVV
l o x. -Il
12V
Ov
V Imax o.2V
Vamin -2.2V
(Subtrac ting anpufier) T I- o
V =V
V V. R
Rs+Ry
T Vi-Vt V -V
R2
Vo
R Vi,
+ ( I+ R_) Viz K
i R Ry +Rs
R Rz -R3 =Ry V =Vz -V
Example 4 IkA
p6V
3V V V
V. Vu -
V2 -V - 5-3
Vout 2V
Cintegrator) ea
t o Overcome dc Problem
inverting
R -o Vout
-R
Vin
T V d_Co-Vout)
Jue to orfset, nolse, erm/s
Vout and dc problom
back
Vous Snd wll not get
Rc to Z e r
-V
errog
cDferentiator) T -Vut c _CV-0)
R
Vout Voue a-RT d Vm
Vin
V
A
Vout
Exaumple ComPurator
Vc
Vi
Vu
Vi V > Va V.. D Vs Vac
Vi V, -V2 VR »V=oV. -Zero
Example c2): Fincd min max uby Cyele o V. if VR» +Sin(weE)
Assume That w is much Smaler Than The trianqular wave eue
12V
Periccc
time
Ss
Vo
A So Wave" U
-12V
Sinuve
V R VCen>tan t
Part U. shen VR max 3 VR max-D:2+| 3
3v
VA
Vo
+2
Vi<Ve V<V,
Ve
D Cycde Hgh_ . 5o when max
T
Disital to Analog
DDigital Signc Combinakion between Zero's ana
rom
uill take the CirCuit
de
That Conver ts the Sisned
digital Eo anaL VoutE
oll
2 6 olo elo
3
elo
Continous AJ 1iL dled
weihted resistor Summing OAC
.
-V- =V+
.T To +Ti+T2+ T3
Vcc
V
V,K , B, B, 3
B
Least sini kican t a
,low:ov ,I > QI5V -Ve elloga l s
Example D: High:V
Solution- 5 : -RE
E.8 R:lk
15 RE 8 K
steP: ooal V -3[
V . - Iv
2
ladder R-2R DAC Cirit
Oga Resistanee)x2 Resistune b9
Nce
V
2 2R Ve
3 non inverting BLp9
inPut
* output Jl ils
T T - 0 V , =V
VV V R
Remember 2R/2R R R
R+R 2R
CarCait J i e super postion s.
Suppy Lis bit JS 4 bits is.
Supplies J JS Jads
P Gl Tesulb J id U 9
3
DB:ON
B2:Ground
R V
Ground
B.Grouno 2R-
9R
V-=VR VV-
C RO R.R.T. V
R
QR/2RaR,RR2
R2R R, R+R- 2R V-TC2R) v-TR
2R//2R R, R R:2R
2R
2R 8s-Il2R)-t2T)a
B 3 4TR+2IR
- B = 6TR
I - , V - =TR
R
B3 : 6V-
B3 6V. R_
R+RE
2).B2:0N K3:tround
B.Grounod R+R-2R a
B Ground 2R//2R -R
R+R 2R
2T 2T
B2-(2T)(2R)=4T)(2 R)
Ba 8TR +4TR- 12TR 2R 9R4t 2R BJL
Ba 12 v.R
R+ RE
B:ON (
B.,B., Bz: Grouncl
R 2R
B-4I(2R) 8rc2R)
+8IR
Bl 16 IR
B 24TR
B
.B1 24 Vo R V
R 24
R RE
B.ON
&T
BB2B3 : Ground
2R
.B. -
(8T)(2R) =(16T)(2R) R
B 48TR B.
Bo 48 V. R
RARE. V. , RE
R 4
now:
V. - R B Ba
48 24 12 6
Ccast Siqoiicant bit
Ex:iF 15V and hh = lV, low -aV
Vo Co 3125) 15
RER 4 R. IKa , RF 47 K
