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Types-Rhetoric Modes of Writing

Discourse encompasses any written or spoken language longer than a sentence, focusing on a specific topic to achieve a purpose. It includes various types such as prose, poetry, and drama, and employs rhetorical modes like exposition, narration, description, argument, and persuasion depending on the writer's intent and audience. Prose discourse can be categorized into technical/scientific and artistic discourse, each serving different purposes and employing distinct styles.

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8 views26 pages

Types-Rhetoric Modes of Writing

Discourse encompasses any written or spoken language longer than a sentence, focusing on a specific topic to achieve a purpose. It includes various types such as prose, poetry, and drama, and employs rhetorical modes like exposition, narration, description, argument, and persuasion depending on the writer's intent and audience. Prose discourse can be categorized into technical/scientific and artistic discourse, each serving different purposes and employing distinct styles.

Uploaded by

Justin Phinn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DISCOURSE

• Discourse is any written or spoken form of


language that is longer than one sentence.
Simply put, discourse refers to any group of
sentences written or spoken that are linked
together by their focus on a particular topic
with the intention of achieving a specific
purpose.
TYPES OF WRITTEN DISCOURSE
• Prose
• Poetry
• Drama
COMMUNICATION STUDIES

The Rhetorical Modes/Types of


Writing
What is meant by Rhetorical Modes
The rhetorical mode of writing refers to the
style of writing that a writer uses to convey
his/her message. The mode chosen is
dependent on the writer’s purpose, subject
and audience.
Rhetorical mode is also known as discourse
type and mode of writing.
PROSE DISCOURSE
• A literary medium which has a close
identification with the patterns and rhythm of
everyday life.
Five Rhetorical Modes of Writing
• Exposition

• Narration

• Description

• Argument

• Persuasion
EXPOSITION
• “Expose” to show
• The mode used in explanation and delivery of
information.
• requires the student to investigate an idea
• evaluate evidence
• expound on the idea
• set forth an argument concerning that idea in
a clear and concise manner.
Characteristics
• Analysis
• Classification
• Definition
• Illustrations
• Cause and effect
• Comparison and contrast
• Analogy
STRUCTURE OF EXPOSITION
• A clear, concise, and defined thesis statement
that occurs in the first paragraph of the essay

• Body paragraphs that include evidential


support (factual, logical, statistical, or
anecdotal)
STRUCTURE cont/d…
• A conclusion that does not simply restate the
thesis, but readdresses it in light of the
evidence provided.

• Clear and logical transitions between the


introduction, body, and conclusion
Strategies used in Exposition
• Neutral tone
• Appeal to intellect
• Verifiable facts
• Objective language
• Precise language
• Denotative vocabulary
• Statistical data
Narration

• Relays events in temporal sequence


• Associated with stories, novels
• Normally chronological but can be in flashback
Characteristics
• Action/specific verbs
• Dialogue
• Point of View whether first or third person
narration
• Setting
• plot
• Theme
• Characters
Description
• Painting pictures using words
• Evokes moods/atmosphere
Characteristics of Description

• Sensory details
• Spatial sequence
• Specific adjectives and nouns
• Adverbs
• Figures of speech
ARGUMENT
• The process of convincing or persuading an
audience that a claim is true.
• Arguments can use
• logos – evidence and reasoning
• Ethos – personal influence (speaker’s honesty
etc)
• pathos – proof based on motives and
emotions to build a case
How can you agree that a fetus is human from
the moment of conception? A man is legally
dead when he is brain dead. A fetus shouldn’t
be considered alive until it has a fully developed
brain.
Characteristics of Argument
• Evidence of fact
• Statistics
• Testimonials/authoritative opinion
• Personal experience
• Refutation and counter argument
• Rhetorical questions
PERSUASION
Some arguments are persuasive in nature.
The difference between argument and
persuasion is the “intent”
They will use persuasive devices like the foll:
- Analogy - Comparison/contrast
- Rhetorical questions Anecdotes
- Reference/authority
- Emotive appeal
- Repetition
- Direct personal appeal
Logical argument is the equivalent of
technical/scientific argument and persuasion is
the equivalent of artistic argument.

Logical argument appeals to the intellect


(reason) and persuasive arguments appeals to
the emotions.
CATEGORIES OF PROSE DISCOURSE
• Technical/Scientific Discourse is objective and
neutral in tone because the writer is appealing
to our intellect rather than our emotions. This
writing is normally identified by denotative
vocabulary, specialized jargon, verifiable
facts, statistical data, and precise language.
• Artistic Discourse is subjective and is often times
expressive. This is because the writer is
expressing his/her feeling, point of view, opinion
or bias and wants to affect the opinion or
emotion of the audience in some way. The style
of writing is normally emotive and connotative.
Artistic writing can both be narrative, descriptive
or persuasive. The features of artistic type
writing are: connotative/emotive words,
subjectivity, expressive language and an
affective tone.
Are you like this man?
TYPE OF
PURPOSE OF WRITING RHETORIC MODE TO BE USED DISCOURSE
To inform
To speak about a cause
To entertain
To explain a
concept/process
To make a report
To comment on a topical
issue
To speak to a state of mind
To analyze statistics
To share an event
To explain the making of
wine from boiled breadfruit
TYPE OF
PURPOSE OF WRITING RHETORIC MODE TO BE USED DISCOURSE

To create a portrait in words


To share the most emotional
moments at the President's
Inauguration Ceremony
To present the statistics for the
number of cars imported from
Japan for the month of December

To condemn the criminal

To respond to a question

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