‘vos, 357 PM chaser Core Python Concepts with Short Defini 1. Data Types and Structures * Immutable: Objects that cannot be changed after creation. Examples: int, float, str, tuple * Mutable: Objects that can be modified after creation, Examples: list, dict, set. * List Comprehension: A concise way to create lists. python Copy code squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)] 2. String Formatting * fstrings: A modern way to embed expressions inside string literals using {} Copy code python ame = "Alice" age = 25 print(f"My name is {name} and I am {age} years old.") 3. Functions * Default Arguments: Specify default values for parameters. python Copy code def greet(nane, msg-"Hello"): return f"{msg}, {name)!" print (greet (*Bob")) * Lambda Functions: Anonymous functions for short operations. Copy code python square = lambda x: x ** 2 print(square(4)) 4. Decorators ‘unctions that modify the behavior of other functions. * Definition: ‘ntps:ifenatgpt.conve!67804308-700-8005-85c8.265ada1863ba wa‘vos, 357 PM chaser hon py Copy code def decorator(func): def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): print("Before the function call.") func(*args, **kwargs) print(“After the function call.") return result return result = def say_hello(): print("Hello!") say_hello() wrapper ( 5. Error and Exception Handling * Definition: A mechanism to handle runtime errors gracefully using try-except-else-finally python Copy code try: result = 10 / @ except ZeroDivisionError: print("Cannot divide by zero.”) else: print("Division successful.") finally: print("Execution completed.") Advanced Python Formulas with Definitions nary Comprehensions 1. List, Set, and Di * List Comprehension: Create lists from iterables with optional conditions, python Copy code even_numbers = [x for x in range(4®) if x % 2 == @] * Set Comprehension: Create sets to store unique elements. python Copy code unique_squares = {x**2 for x in range(5)} © Dictionary Comprehension: Create dictionaries with key-value pairs. Copy code python squares = (x: x2 for x in range(5)} 2. Context Managers Simplifies resource management using with statements. © Defi ‘ntps:ifenatgpt.conve!67804308-700-8005-85c8.265ada1863ba 28‘vos, 357 PM chaser pron Copy code with open(‘file.txt', ‘r') as file: content = file.read() 3. Generators * Definition: Functions that produce a sequence of values lazily using yield. python Copy code def count_up_to(n): num = 1 while num <= n: yield nun num += 2 for num in count_up_to(5):_ print (num) 4. Regular Expressions (Regex) * Definition: Tools for pattern matching in strings using the re module. python Copy code import re pattern = r'\d+" result = re.findall (pattern, "There are 42 apples and 15 bananas.") print(result) 5. File Handling * Definition: Operations to read, write, or manipulate files. python Copy code with open("example.txt", "w") as f: f.write("Hello, File!") 6. Itertools for Combinatorial Operations * Definition: A module for advanced iterator functions (e.g., permutations, combinations). python Copy code from itertools import permutations, combinations print(list(permutations([1, 2, 3]))) print (List (combinations([1, 2, 3], 2))) 7. Dataclasses * Definition: A decorator to create classes with minimal boilerplate python ‘ntps:ifenatgpt.conve!67804308-700e-8005-85c8.265ada1863ba aia‘vos, 357 PM chaser Copy code from dataclasses import dataclass ss class Point: x: int y: int p = Point (1, 2) print(p) 8. Concurrency and Parallelism * Asyncio: A library for writing asynchronous code. python Copy code import asyncio async def say_hello(): await asyncio.sleep(1) print("Hello, Async!") asyncio.run(say_hello()) * Multiprocessing: A module for parallel execution of tasks on multiple CPU cores. 9. Type Hinting * Definition: Adding type annotations for clarity and better code quality. python Copy code def add(x: int, y: int) -> int: return x + y 10. Working with JSON * Definition: Serialization and deserialization of JSON data. python Copy code import json data = {"name': ‘Alice’, ‘age’: 25} json_string = json.dumps(data) parsed_data = json.loads(json_string) print(parsed_data) ‘ntps:ifenatgpt.conve!67804308-700e-8005-85c8.265ada1863ba 48