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Internet Controlled Smart Tea Machine Design with Arduino and Tea
Consumption Analysis

Article · December 2018

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 Uluborlu Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi 1:1 (2018) 29-37

ULUBORLU MESLEKİ BİLİMLER DERGİSİ (UMBD)

Uluborlu Journal of Vocational Sciences

http://dergipark.gov.tr/umbd

INTERNET CONTROLLED SMART TEA MACHINE DESIGN WITH

ARDUINO AND TEA CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS

Kıyas KAYAALP1 , Osman CEYLAN11* , Ahmet Ali SÜZEN1 , Ziya YILDIZ2

1
Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Uluborlu Vocational School, Department of Computer Technologies,
Isparta, TURKEY.
2
Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Uluborlu Vocational School, Department of Therapy and
Rehabilitation, Isparta, TURKEY.

Corresponding Author: [email protected]

(Geliş/Received: 22.11.2018; Düzeltme/Revised: 26.11.2018; Kabul/Accepted: 26.11.2018)

ABSTRACT: In this application study, a device that put the data on the tea brewed using the smart tea maker on
the internet employing the Arduino development board has been developed. Furthermore, a web interface that
analyzes the data collected and informs the user has also been developed. The device comprises the sensors located
on the teapot and water boiler chamber and the Arduino Mega development board with a WI-FI module that
controls these sensors. The sensors receive data on the amount and temperature of tea and water and the brewing
process. In the web interface, the data collected from the device is recorded on the SQL Server database. Analyzing
the data, the amount of tea consumed in the establishment (daily, weekly, monthly), the time periods when tea
consumption peaks within the day and the amount of left-over tea are reported. Besides that, the estimated brewing
process is displayed to the user via the interface. Implementing this study, it is planned to facilitate the estimation
of the performance range by analyzing values and time periods of tea consumption of the personnel in the
establishment. This will also contribute to the reduction of tea consumption expenses in the establishment.

Keywords: Arduino, Analysis, Internet of Things, Tea Machine.

ARDUİNO İLE İNTERNET KONTROLLÜ AKILLI ÇAY MAKİNASI

TASARIMI VE ÇAY TÜKETİM ANALİZİN YAPILMASI
ÖZET: Bu uygulama çalışmasında, Arduino geliştirme kartını kullanarak akıllı çay makinesinde demlenen çay
verilerinin internete aktarılmasını sağlayan cihaz geliştirilmiştir. Ayrıca alınan verileri analiz eden ve kullanıcıyı
bilgilendiren bir web arayüzü tasarlanmıştır. Cihaz, çay makinesinin demlik ve su kaynatma haznesine yerleştirilen
sensörler ve bu sensörleri kontrol eden Wi-Fi modüllü Arduino Mega geliştirme kartından oluşmaktadır. Sensörler,
çayın demlenme durumu, miktarını, sıcaklığını, suyun sıcaklığı ve su miktarı verilerini almaktadır. Web
arayüzünde, cihazdan gelen veriler SQL Server veri tabanına kaydedilmektedir. Bu veriler analiz edilerek,
kurumun zamana bağlı (günlük, haftalık, aylık) çay tüketim miktarı, gün içerisindeki çay tüketim yoğunluk
dilimleri ve tüketilmeyen çay miktarı raporlanmaktadır. Ayrıca çayın tahmini demlenme durumunu kullanıcıya
arayüzden göstermektedir. Çalışmanın uygulanması ile kurum içerisindeki personelin çay tüketim değerleri ve
zaman dilimleri analiz edilerek, iş performans aralıklarının tahminine yardımcı olması planlanmaktadır. Ayrıca
kurumun çay tüketim giderlerinin düşürülmesine katkı sağlanacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Analiz, Arduino, Akıllı Çay Makinası, Nesnelerin İnterneti.

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 Kayaalp vd., Uluborlu Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi 1:1 (2018) 29-37

1. INTRODUCTION

The reflection of the fast-moving technology on the electronics and automation has brought the
fast-processing development boards with high stability in its wake [1]. That being said,
programming the microprocessor and the microcontroller on the development boards became
more convenient [2]. The fact that development boards are controlling and interpreting
electronic systems online created the notion the internet of things. Many electronic systems
used in daily life is controlled online. Therefore, development boards are highly opted for in
the internet of things model [3].

In the study; using the internet of things model, the data taken from the tea is transmitted and
interpreted in the web environment. The Designed model device is stored in the SQL Server
2008 database, retrieving the amount of brew and water from the teapot. Data is processed with
formulas and daily, weekly and monthly consumption values are obtained. These results are
provided to assess the values of the institution's tea consumption. Consequently, the institution
aims to contribute to the reduction of expenses of tea consumption.

2. BACKGROUND

2.1. Arduino Development Card

Arduino is an open source hardware and software microcontroller development card that
enables the control of electronic systems in the internet world of objects [4]. There are 37
different types of Arduino development cards, depending on their usage area and abilities. The
main purpose of the Arduino is to interpret and control the sensors and systems via input-output
pins.

Arduino development card first started to use with UNO version. This version has an
ATmega328 microcontroller with 14 digital 6 analogue inputs [5]. Different Arduino varieties
have been produced along with the developing needs. In most of the comprehensive projects
carried out, Arduino mega development card with 54 digital 16 analogue inputs is used [6].
Arduino development cards can work stable between 5 and 20 volts. To install the software on
the Arduino development board, you need to use the Arduino IDE software. Programming with
bootloader is possible without the need for an external programming card.

2.2. MZ80 Infrared Sensor

The MZ80 infrared sensor is used on the Arduino development card to find the distance of
objects between 3-80 cm. This sensor can react at 2ms by pulling 10mA current [7].

2.3. ESP 8266 Wi-Fi Shield

ESP8266 is one of the modules used to provide internet access in systems implemented with
Arduino development card. There is an internal antenna via the ESP8266 WI-FI module. In this
way, data packets can be sent and received via the TCP / IP protocol [7].

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3. THE STUDY

The realized study is composed of two parts as shown in Figure 1. In the first part, the sensor-
fitted control box and software, which transfer the data required for tea analysis, were
developed. The control box records the data collected by the sensors on the water and brew
chambers of the tea maker via WI-FI to the database once in every hour. In the second part, the
data received from the system was stored and interpreted. The data coming from the control
unit is interpreted in terms of consumption and time and conclusion are made.

Figure 1. Smart teacup working model.

3.1. Designing System

In this part, the control unit, which makes sure that the data is received from the sensors on the
water and brew chambers of tea makers and recorded on the database, was developed. There
are a heat sensor for calculating the temperature and an IR sensor to estimate the water level in
the teapot and water chamber of tea makers. Arduino Mega development card is utilized in
order to receive instant data from these sensors. The data is received once in every hour through
the Arduino development board. The Arduino development board employs the WI-FI module
for transferring the data received to the database. The circuit diagram of the system is presented
in Figure 2.

Figure 2. System control unit circuit diagram.

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 Kayaalp vd., Uluborlu Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi 1:1 (2018) 29-37

3.2. Software Development

A software was developed for the Arduino development board and the control unit to receive
data periodically from the sensors and to transfer them to the database via WI-FI. Software’s
can be uploaded on the Arduino development board using the Arduino IDE. In the first section
of the software, necessary identifications were made for the communication between the
Arduino and the sensors (Figure 3).

Figure 3. Making definitions.

In order to be able to transfer the data received from the sensors to the database, the WI-FI
module must have internet connection. The WI-FI name and password have to be identified, so
that the WI-FI connection is established for the Arduino and the WI-FI module as shown in
Figure 4.

Figure 4. Wi-Fi network and password definition.

In order to be able to estimate the approximate brewing time and send an SMS to the user, the
water temperature has to be above 60 degrees and the water level has to be at maximum. When
these conditions are met, the system waits for 15 minutes. When the code block waiting time
shown in Figure 5 is over, a message that reads as "Tea is ready." is sent to the user interface.

Figure 5. Sending the infusion message to the user interface.

The control unit has to convey the data transmitted by the sensors to the service in the server as
parameters after it is connected to the internet. A variable called parameters is created for this
operation. The data on temperature and level is combined into a single parameter and then
transferred to the database. The code block that ensures the transfer of data to the server is
presented in Figure 6.

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 Kayaalp vd., Uluborlu Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi 1:1 (2018) 29-37

Figure 6. Sending parameter to server.

The data received from the smart tea maker is recorded on the database in the server through
the WI-FI module once in every hour. The data is conveyed to the server in link format as
shown in Figure 7. The parameters are received via ASP.NET and they are separated to be
added to the SQL Server database whose table structure is shown in Figure 8.

Figure 7. Sent parameter address.

Figure 8. The table structure where the values received at first are stored

3.3. Processing Received Data

The data received from the smart tea maker is kept in the table shown in Figure 8. These data
has to be processed, so that it can be interpreted. The processed values are kept in the table
within the database shown in Figure 9.

Figure 9. The table structure where the processed values are stored.

3.3.1. The calculation of the amount of consumed brew

In order to calculate these values, the difference between the values received once in every hour
and the first value is estimated. The consumption value is calculated by proportioning the
difference and the total chamber volume. The consumption values estimated once in every hour
can be calculated on a daily, weekly and monthly basis.

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 Kayaalp vd., Uluborlu Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi 1:1 (2018) 29-37

The Equation 1 is used for calculating the initial volume of the tea in the teapot. Vti, hti and r
signify the initial volume, the level value received from the sensor and the radius of the teapot
respectively.

Vti=πr2 hti (1)

The Equation 2, on the other hand, is used for calculating the hourly consumption level of the
brew in the teapot (Vth) according to the level values (hth) received from the sensor once in
every hour.

𝑽𝑽𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 = 𝑽𝑽𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 − 𝝅𝝅𝒓𝒓𝟐𝟐 𝒉𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 (2)

The Equation 3 is used for estimating the remaining brew (Vtc) at the end of the day.
𝒚𝒚
𝑽𝑽𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 = 𝑽𝑽𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 − (∑𝒙𝒙 𝑽𝑽𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 ) (3)
x: Start of time
y: End of time

3.3.2. The calculation of the amount of consumed water

The amount of consumed water in the water chamber is calculated using the information on
chamber's volume and level data.
The Equation 4 is used for calculating the initial volume of the water in the water chamber. Vwi
and hwi signify the initial volume and the level value received from the sensor respectively.

𝑽𝑽𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 = 𝑾𝑾𝒂𝒂 𝑾𝑾𝒃𝒃 𝒉𝒉𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 (4)

Wa: Long sides of the water reservoir
Wb: Short sides of the water reservoir

The Equation 5, on the other hand, is used for calculating the hourly consumption level of the
water in the water chamber (Vwh) according to the level values (hwh) received from the sensor
once in every hour.

𝑽𝑽𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 = 𝑽𝑽𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 − 𝑾𝑾𝒂𝒂 𝑾𝑾𝒃𝒃 𝒉𝒉𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 (5)

The Equation 6 is used for estimating the remaining water (Vwc) at the end of the day.
𝒚𝒚
𝑽𝑽𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 = 𝑽𝑽𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 − (∑𝒙𝒙 𝑽𝑽𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 (6)
x: Start of time
y: End of time

4. RESULT

In order to analyze the processed data, the values on the database are transferred to the interface.
The daily, weekly and monthly diagrammatic representations of the amount of consumed brew
in the smart tea maker are shown in liters in Figure 10. The daily consumption diagram shows
that the consumption levels increase during noon hours. The weekly consumption is 37.74 lt in
total and the average is 7.54 lt. When the analyses are examined on a monthly basis, the total
consumption amounts to 161.22 lt.

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 Kayaalp vd., Uluborlu Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi 1:1 (2018) 29-37

Figure 10. The diagram of daily, weekly and monthly brew consumption.

The daily, weekly and monthly diagrammatic representations of the amount of consumed water
in the smart tea maker are shown in liters in Figure 11. According to these diagrams, daily
average water consumption is 18 lt and weekly and monthly water consumption figures in total
are 88.06 lt and 376.18 lt respectively.

Figure 11. The diagram of daily, weekly and monthly water consumption.

Volume of a standard tea cup is 200 ml. A cup of tea consists of 30% brew and 70% water. In
the light of these data, diagrammatic representation of daily, weekly and monthly consumption
is shown in Figure 12 in term of tea cups. When the consumption values are analyzed in terms
of tea cups, it is concluded that 134 cups of tea are consumed daily on average and 2687 cups
of tea are consumed monthly in total.

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 Kayaalp vd., Uluborlu Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi 1:1 (2018) 29-37

Figure 12. The diagram of daily, weekly and monthly tea consumption.

The monthly tea consumption analysis showed that the total amount of tea brewed monthly was
210 lt. On the other hand, the consumed and remaining brew amounts are compared in Figure
13. According to the consumption results, a total of 161.22 lt brew was consumed during the
month. However, 48.78 lt of brew was not consumed. Taking these results into consideration,
approximately 23.22% of the brewed tea runs to waste.

1,08
1,68
3,54
1,74 2,4 1,2 1,2 2,88 2,4 2,58 1,8 3,36 3,72 2,46 1,8 1,86 1,8 3,48
3,78 4,02

9,42
8,82
6,96
8,76 8,1 9,3 9,3 7,62 8,1 7,92 8,7 7,14 6,78 8,04 8,7 8,64 8,7 7,02
6,72 6,48

Sum Rem

Figure 13. Comparison of the amount of meat consumed and brewed.

5. CONCLUSION

The system was utilized for a month for testing the smart tea maker and collecting data. During
this period of time, the data collected by the sensors was recorded on the database once in every
hour by the system. Raw data collected was processed using the determined equations. As a
result, processed data was used for providing the diagrammatic representations in the developed
interface.

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 Kayaalp vd., Uluborlu Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi 1:1 (2018) 29-37

Implementing this study, it is planned to facilitate the estimation of the performance range by
analyzing values and time periods of tea consumption of the personnel in the establishment.
Moreover, the amount of remaining brew was calculated in order to find out the monthly
amount of remaining brew. In the light of these data, it is aimed to contribute to the reduction
of tea consumption expenses in the establishment.

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Makaleye Atıf Yapmak için : Kayaalp, K., Ceylan, O., Süzen A.A., Yıldız, Z., (2018). Internet Controlled Smart
Tea Machine Design with Arduino and Tea Consumption Analysis. Uluborlu Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi. vol. 1, no.
1 p. 29-37.

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