Prekshaa Calendar

Pratishtana 2024
 तस्मिन्नृपे शासति नैव कश्चि-
द्धर्मादपेतो मनुजः प्रजासु।
आर्तो दरिद्रो व्यसनी कदर्यो
दण्ड्यो न वा यो भृशपीडितः स्यात॥्
(JUNAGADH ROCK INSCRIPTION)

During Skanda-gupta’s regime,

nobody deviated from dharma,
and nobody was in distress or poverty.
There were no misers,
and nobody indulged in vices.
Even a criminal was not
tortured unreasonably.

Vāmana Śiva (National Museum, New Delhi)

C ountless kingdoms have ruled India since

ancient times. While none of them wield
power today, the spectacular temples they built
and cultural prosperity during the rule of
Candra-gupta I, Samudra-gupta, Candra-gupta
II (Vikramāditya), Kumāra-gupta and Skanda-
purāṇas and represent the summit of natural
elegance expressed in classical style. Some
depictions are so unique that such carvings are
and the beautiful sculptures they created have gupta. Pioneers such as Vātsyāyana, Bhartṛhari, not found in later ages.
withstood the test of time. This is an eloquent Varāhamihira, Āryabhaṭa and Vāgbhaṭa were
testimony to the spirit of Sanātana-dharma – patronized by the Guptas, and they composed The Gupta style of temple architecture and
although individual luxuries perish, the collective important treatises on the arts, grammar, sculpture influenced the art patronized by their
legacy prevails. Our understanding of Indian astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Kālidāsa, subordinate kings. For instance, many sculptures
culture will remain incomplete unless we revisit the most attractive exponent of Indian culture, in at the Elephanta caves were carved during the
this rich heritage. whom Sanskrit poetry reached its highest peak, rule of the Vākāṭakas, who were contemporaries
was also nurtured by the Gupta emperors. and political subordinates of the Guptas.
The Guptas ruled between the early 4th
century CE and the late 6th century CE. The rulers Unsurprisingly, this period produced
The calendar presents sculptures from the
epitomized the perfect blend of wisdom, valour numerous temples and sculptures like never
Daśāvatāra Temple at Deogarh, some of which
and benevolence, and ruled large parts of the before. The Guptas built both structural temples
Indian subcontinent at their zenith. Their rule is and rock-cut ones. The Daśāvatāra Temple at are in situ and others are preserved in various
rightly called the Golden Age, as India achieved Deogarh in the Sarvatobhadra style and the museums, primarily the National Museum in
her peak in multiple streams of knowledge caves at Udayagiri stand as glowing examples of New Delhi. It also includes sculptures from the
including the arts and literature, owing primarily their skill. The sculptures they created capture Elephanta caves, Udayagiri caves, as well as the
to political stability. India saw immense economic interesting episodes from the epics and the Government Museum in Sarnath.

Prekshaa Pratishtana is happy to bring out this calendar putting to­gether some of the finest sculptures of the Gupta temples along with emotionally
rich verses from classical Sanskrit literature. These verses, chosen for their aesthetic beauty, are related to the deity or scene depicted in the
sculpture but do not necessarily describe the image. This is a humble attempt to high­light the organic correlation that has always existed between
the various classical Indian art forms, in this case poetry and sculpture.

Cover Images: Bhū-varāha-mūrti, Cave 5, Udayagiri, Late 4th Century CE (top); Daśāvatāra Temple, Deogarh (bottom left);
Mahānaṭa, Main Cave, Elephanta Island (6th Century CE) (bottom right)

credits
śatāvadhānī dr. r ganesh
smt. nirupama rajendra
dr. shankar rajaraman · kashyap n naik
Prekshaa vasuki h a · arjun bharadwaj
dr. raghavendra g s · b n shashi kiran
Pratishtana rajaneesh kashyap · hari ravikumar

image credits
Prekshaa Pratishtana is an organization with the primary goal of making Indian cultural heritage more accessible to arjun bharadwaj
all. It has three main focus areas: publishing research in subjects related to Indian culture; producing lucid English sumanth ganapathi basavapatna
wikimedia commons
translations of valuable literature in these areas written in Indian languages; and identifying, curating, and making
available online primary texts related to various aspects of Indian antiquity. The dominant activity of the organization sales and distribution by
is the publication of Prekshaa (https://prekshaa.in), a niche online journal featuring articles on Indian art, culture,
literature, history, and philosophy. In addition to running the online journal, Prekshaa publishes books related to
(www.subbupublications.com | +91–93802 05734)
similar topics. Prekshaa is supported by a grant from the Development Foundation.
 अनादृतचमूपतिप्रहितहस्तमस्वीकृत-
प्रणीतमणिपादक ु ं किमिति विस्मितान्तःपुरम।्
अवाहनपरिष्क्रियं पतगराजमारोहतः
करिप्रवरबृं हिते भगवतस्त्वरायै नमः॥
(SUBHĀṢITA-RATNA-BHĀṆḌĀGĀRA, 1.9.24)

When the elephant Gajendra [clasped by a

crocodile] gave out a wail of despair,
Bhagavān Viṣṇu came to its help at once.
He disregarded the outstretched hand of
his commander-in-chief and did not even slip on
his gem-studded sandals. He mounted Garuḍa—
though he was not presentable—and
departed hastily, leaving the women of
the antaḥpura utterly bewildered.
We bow with respect to this divine haste!

The sculpture depicts an episode from the Bhāgavata-purāṇa, in

which the elephant-king Gajendra, who was caught by a crocodile
(represented by snakes here), was rescued by Bhagavān Viṣṇu. A
four-armed Viṣṇu is depicted riding on a humanoid Garuḍa. The
sculptor has subtly captured the lotuses that the grateful elephant
is offering to Viṣṇu. (Daśāvatāra Temple, Deogarh.)
गजेन्द्रमोक्षः

january 2024
M T W T F S S important dates
12 Swami Vivekananda Jayanti
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (National Youth Day)
13 Lohri

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 Bhogi
15 Makara-saṅkrānti / Pongal
17 Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 Subash Chandra Bose Jayanti
24 Kumāra-vyāsa Jayanti
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 25 Banada Huṇṇime
26 Republic Day
28 Lala Lajpat Rai Jayanti
29 30 31 30 Tyāgarāja-ārādhana

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 देवानामिदमामनन्ति मुनयः कान्तं क्रतुं चाक्षषु ं
रुद्रेणदे मुमाकृ तव्यतिकरे स्वाङ्गे विभक्तं द्विधा।
त्रैगुण्योद्भवमत्र लोकचरितं नानारसं दृश्यते
नाट्यं भिन्नरुचेर्जनस्य बहुधाप्येकं समाराधनम्॥
(MĀLAVIKĀGNIMITRA, 1.4)

Nāṭya, sages say, is a delightful

visual offering to the deities.
Rudra divides it into two
(uddhata and sukumāra) in his body
सङ्गीतकम् that is fused with Umā’s.
It portrays the whole spectrum of
The image captures a female dancer flanked by two
human emotions that emerges from
musicians on either side. The dancer’s feet are in the tryaśra- the three traits of the world
pāda, and her posture suggests the end of the karaṇa called (sattva, rajas and tamas).
chinna. Musicians are shown playing kāṣṭha-tāla and a Indeed, nāṭya is the singular source
percussion instrument. One of them is likely the singer. The of entertainment to people
dancer’s costume and jewellery are typical to the Gupta
of varying tastes.
period. National Museum, New Delhi. (Originally from the
Daśāvatāra Temple, Deogarh.)

december 2024
M T W T F S S important dates
11 Gītā Jayanti / Vaikuṇṭha-ekādaśī /
30 31 1 Subramania Bharathi Jayanti
14 Datta Jayanti

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 25 Madan Mohan Malaviya Jayanti

30 Ramana Maharshi Jayanti

9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29

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 चत्वारो वयमृत्विजः स भगवान् कर्मोपदेष्टा हरिः
सङ्ग्रामाध्वरदीक्षितो नरपतिः पत्नी गृहीतव्रता।
कौरव्याः पशवः प्रियापरिभवक्लेशोपशान्तिः फलं
राजन्योपनिमन्त्रणाय रसति स्फीतं यशोदन् ु दुभिः॥
(VEṆĪ-SAṂHĀRA, 1.25)

In this yajña of war, we, the four brothers, are the officiators. Bhagavān Hari guides and instructs us. The king
Yudhiṣṭhira is the yajamāna who has undertaken this yajña and Draupadī, his wife, is observing austerities
as part of it. The Kauravas are the animals to be sacrificed, and the objective is to assuage Draupadī’s anguish
caused by dishonour. Our fame bellows in the form of a war-drum, inviting all kings to participate.

The sculpture depicts the five

Pāṇḍava brothers along with
their wife, Draupadī. The skillful
sculptor has captured even
the diaphanous garment worn
by Draupadī, who stands in
tribhaṅga. Each brother is shown
in a distinct expression and body
composition. The central figure
in the ālīḍha posture is dynamic,
while the others are largely static
and reciprocative. (Daśāvatāra
Temple, Deogarh.)

द्रौपदीसहिताः पाण्डवाः

february 2024
M T W T F S S important dates
9 Purandaradāsa-ārādhana
1 2 3 4 14 Vasanta-pañcamī /
Sarasvatī-pūjā

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 16 Ratha-saptamī
17 Bhīṣma-aṣṭamī
18 Madhva-navamī
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Chhatrapati Shivaji Jayanti
24 Guru Ravidas Jayanti
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 National Science Day

26 27 28 29

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 विवृतायतवक्त्रकन्दरं
प्रतिधावन्तमिवान्तकं प्रभुः।
भुजसानुमतः प्रवेशना-
दगमं वज्र इव व्यदारयत्॥
(YĀDAVĀBHYUDAYA, 9.27)

The horse-demon Keśī had its

valley-like mouth wide open
as it galloped towards Kṛṣṇa
like Yama, the extinguisher of all lives.
The Lord thrust his mountain-like arm
into its mouth and tore it apart,
as a thunderbolt cleaves a mountain.

This dynamic sculpture depicts Śrī-Kṛṣṇa killing the

rākṣasa Keśī in the form of a horse. Kṛṣṇa’s eyes express grit
and valour, while the eyes of the rākṣasa betray ferocity
and fear. Kṛṣṇa raises his right arm and is airborne as he
kicks the rākṣasa, while the horse stands on its two hind
legs. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.)
के शिवधः

november 2024
M T W T F S S important dates
1 Lakṣmī-pūjā
1 2 3 2 Bali-pratipat / Govardhana-pūjā /
Jain New Year

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 Bhai Dooj
7 Chath-pūjā
13 Utthāna-dvādaśī (Kālidāsa Jayanti) /
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Tulasī-pūjā / Cāturmāsya ends
15 Guru Nanak Jayanti
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 18 Kanaka-dāsa Jayanti

25 26 27 28 29 30

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 वागर्थाविव सम्पृक्तौ वागर्थप्रतिपत्तये।
जगतः पितरौ वन्दे पार्वतीपरमेश्वरौ॥
(RAGHU-VAṂŚA, 1.1)

I venerate Śiva and Pārvatī,

the parents of the world
fused inseparably as
sound and sense,
to gain an insight into
words and their meanings.

This beautiful but mutilated sculpture of Ardha-

nārīśvara captures various contrasting and comple-
menting features united in the deity. On the left,
the hair is neatly braided, while on the right it is
coarse; while the upper-left hand holds a mirror
that suggests beauty, the right hand holds a lotus
that indicates detachment. The deity stands in a
beautiful tribhaṅga and rests on a majestic Nandī.
(Elephanta Caves, Maharashtra.)
अर्धनारीश्वरः

march 2024
M T W T F S S important dates
8 Mahā-śivarātri
1 2 3 12 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
Jayanti

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 23 Shaheed Divas
24 Holikā Dahan / Kāma Dahan
25 Holi
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 27 Sant Tukaram Puṇyadina / Beej

18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31

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शिल्पं त्रीणि जगन्ति यस्य कविता यस्य त्रिवेदीगिरो
यश्चक्रे त्रिपुरव्ययं त्रिपथगा यन्मूर्ध्नि माल्यायते।
त्रींल्लोकानिव वीक्षितुं वहति यो विस्फूर्जदक्ष्णां त्रयं
स त्रैगुण्यपरिच्छदो विजयते देवस्त्रिशूलायुधः॥
(SUBHĀṢITA-RATNA-KOŚA, 4.1)

Śiva, the wielder of the trident,

reigns supreme!
The three worlds
are his handiwork
and the three Vedas,
his poetry. On his crest,
the three-streamed Gaṅgā
becomes a chaplet. त्रिमुखः शिवः
He, the destroyer of the three cities,
bears three blazing eyes as if
to see the three worlds. This sculpture depicts a three-headed Śiva representing the three
guṇas. The face on the left reveals his fierce aspect (ugra) and the
He is clothed in the one on the right captures his pleasant form (saumya). The central
three ingredients face is serene and radiates peace. Śiva’s hair is wound in the jaṭā-
that constitute all creation. makuṭa. (Elephanta Caves, Maharashtra.)

october 2024
M T W T F S S important dates
2 Mahālaya-amāvāsyā / Lal Bahadur
1 2 3 4 5 6 Shastri Jayanti / Gandhi Jayanti
3 Śarannavarātra begins

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 10 Sarasvatī-pūjā
11 Durgāṣṭamī / Mahānavamī /
Āyudha-pūjā
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 12 Vijaya-daśamī / Madhva Jayanti /
Śarannavarātra ends
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 17 Vālmīki Jayanti
20 Karva Chauth
30 Danteras (Dhana-trayodaśī)
28 29 30 31 31 Naraka-caturdaśī (Dīpāvalī) /
Bandhi Chhor Divas / Vallabhbhai
Patel Jayanti (National Unity Day)

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 दःु खे सुखे च रज एव बभूव हेतु-
स्तादृग्विधे महति गौतमधर्मपत्न्याः।
यस्माद्गुणने रजसा विकृ तिं गता सा
रामस्य पादरजसा प्रकृ तिं प्रपेदे॥
(CAMPŪ-RĀMĀYAṆA, 1.94)

Ahalyā, Gautama’s noble wife, experienced

indescribably intense sorrow and joy.
Rajas was the cause of them both – she was deformed
because of her immodest action, and the speck of dust
from Rāma’s foot restored her original form.

The sculpture depicts Śrī-Rāma blessing Ahalyā, who holds

a flower and bows to his feet out of devotion. Lakṣmaṇa and
Sage Gautama are also seen. Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa are depicted
wearing costumes suitable to forest-dwellers. The sculptor
has included tall trees and rich foliage to suggest that the
incident took place in the forest. [National Museum, New Delhi.
(Originally from the Daśāvatāra Temple, Deogarh.)]
अहल्योद्धारः

april 2024
M T W T F S S important dates
9 Cāndramāna Yugādi / Guḍi-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 pāḍva / Vasanta-navarātra begins
14 Sauramāna Yugādi / Viśu /

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Baisākhi / Bihu / Bhimarao

Ambedkar Jayanti
17 Rāma-navamī / Vasanta-
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 navarātra ends
21 Mahāvīra Jayanti
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 23 Hanumān Jayanti
29 Guru Tegh Bahadur Jayanti

29 30

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 अस्याः सर्गविधौ प्रजापतिरभूच्चन्द्रो नु कान्तिप्रदः
शृङ्गारैकरसः स्वयं नु मदनो मासो नु पुष्पाकरः।
वेदाभ्यासजडः कथं नु विषयव्यावृत्तकौतूहलो
निर्मातं ु प्रभवेन्मनोहरमिदं रूपं पुराणो मुनिः॥
(VIKRAMORVAŚĪYA, 1.10)

Who created Urvaśī?

Was it the effulgent moon?
Was it Manmatha, the lord of love?
Was it spring, the month
of blossoming flowers?
Surely, it couldn’t be Nārāyaṇa,
the old sage! He is tiresomely dull
उर्वशीजननम् by studying the Veda
and has nary an interest
The sculpture depicts Nara and Nārāyaṇa maharṣis who in sense objects –
performed tapas in Badrikāśrama. Nara has two arms and how could he create
Nārāyaṇa has four. Urvaśī is born from Nārāyaṇa maharṣi. Above her ravishing form!
in the sky are seen Brahmā on his lotus and the gandharvas. Deer
and lion sit below the sages and appear to have given up their
fear and ferociousness. (Daśāvatāra Temple, Deogarh.)

september 2024
M T W T F S S important dates
5 S Radhakrishnan Jayanti
30 1 (Teachers’ Day)
6 Varāha Jayanti / Svarṇa-gaurī-

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 vrata / Hartalika Teej

7 Vināyaka-caturthī
8 Ṛṣi-pañcamī
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 Onam / Sir M Visvesvaraya
Jayanti (Engineers’ Day)
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 16 Ananta-caturdaśī
27 Bhagat Singh Jayanti
19 Pitṛ-pakṣa begins /
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Narayana Guru Jayanti

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 शीलाम्भःपरिषेकशीतलदृढध्यानालवालस्फुर-
द्दानस्कन्धमहोन्नतिः पृथुतरप्रज्ञोल्लसत्पल्लवः।
देयात्तुभ्यमवार्यवीर्यविटपः क्षान्तिप्रसूनोदयः
सुच्छायः षडभिज्ञकल्पविटपी सम्बोधिबीजं फलम्‌॥
(SUBHĀṢITA-RATNA-KOŚA, 1.7)

Bhagavān Buddha is a shade-giving, wish-fulfilling tree.

It is rooted in a deep trench of contemplation and kept
cool by the sprinkling of good conduct. It rises with the
trunk of charity and flutters with the shoots of abundant
wisdom. Indomitable courage is its branches and
forbearance, its flowers in bloom. May it grant you the
fruit that has enlightenment for its seed!

The image captures a serene Buddha, depicted in the Mathura style. Buddha
is seated in the padmāsana with his hands in the dharma-cakra-pravartana-
mudrā, suggesting that he is teaching. Below him are his disciples seated
around the dharma-cakra. The isotonic features of Buddha’s body are typical
to Indian sculptures. (Government Museum, Sarnath.)

भगवान् बुद्धः

may 2024
M T W T F S S important dates
8 Swami Chinmayananda Jayanti
1 2 3 4 5 (Seva Day)
9 Maharana Pratap Jayanti /

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Gopal Krishna Gokhale Jayanti

10 Akṣayya-tṛtīyā / Basava Jayanti /
Paraśurāma Jayanti
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 12 Śaṅkara Jayanti
(National Philosophers’ Day),
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Rāmānuja Jayanti
14 Gaṅgā-saptamī / Vidyāraṇya
Jayanti / Bhagīratha Jayanti
27 28 29 30 31 21 Nṛsiṃha Jayanti
23 Buddha-pūrṇimā
28 Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
Jayanti
Prekshaa 31 Ahalyabai Holkar Jayanti
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 अथ तौ सुकृतैरपश्यतां
परितश्छेदि तदद्भुतं महः।
अखिलैरपि शास्त्रविस्तरै-
रसकृ द्घ्रातमलब्धसौरभम्॥
(MUKUNDA-VILĀSA, 3.34)

All the śāstras have sniffed at Kṛṣṇa

numerous times but have not been able
to sense his fragrance even once!
Devakī and Vasudeva, blessed by
their good fortune, beheld his
wonderful radiance that pierced
the darkness all around.

This unique sculpture depicts Devakī handing over the infant Kṛṣṇa
to Vasudeva. Devakī’s left hand holds the baby’s head as she takes
a last look at her newborn. Vasudeva receives the infant carefully.
The sculptor has clothed purāṇic characters in costumes that were
typically worn during the Gupta period. [National Museum, New
Delhi. (Originally from the Daśāvatāra Temple, Deogarh.)]

देवकीवसुदेवलालितः कृ ष्णः

august 2024
M T W T F S S important dates
4 Bhīmeśvara-amāvāsyā
1 2 3 4 7
9
Hariyali Teej
Nāga-pañcamī / Garuḍa-pañcamī

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 11
15
Tulsidas Jayanti
Independence Day / Aurobindo
Jayanti
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 16 Varamahālakṣmī-vrata
19 Ṛgveda-upākarma /
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Yajur-upākarma /
Rakṣā-bandhan /
World Sanskrit Day
26 27 28 29 30 31 26 Kṛṣṇa-janmāṣṭamī /
Anniversary of Krishna Deva
Raya’s Coronation

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 पर्णशालामथ क्षिप्रं विकृ ष्टासिः प्रविश्य सः।
वैरूप्यपौनरुक्त्येन भीषणां तामयोजयत्॥
(RAGHU-VAṂŚA, 12.40)

Lakṣmaṇa drew
his sword,
quickly entered
the hermitage,
and made
the horrid Śūrpaṇakhā
doubly hideous
[by mangling her nose and ears.]

The sculpture depicts an enraged Lakṣmaṇa who has raised

his sword to punish the wily Śūrpaṇakhā. The rākṣasī’s posture
suggests that she has been subdued. Sītā feels threatened and
holds her heart anxiously. The compassionate Rāma is calm
even at this time of distress. [National Museum, New Delhi.
(Originally from the Daśāvatāra Temple, Deogarh.)]
शूर्पणखाविशसनम्

june 2024
M T W T F S S important dates
6 Anniversary of
1 2 Shivaji’s Coronation
21 Vaṭa Sāvitrī Vrata /

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 International Yoga Day

22 Kālidāsa-ārādhana
(First day of Āṣāḍha)
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Prekshaa
Pratishtana https://prekshaa.in
 जृम्भाविजृम्भितदृशः प्रथमप्रबुद्ध-
लक्ष्मीकराम्बुरुहलालनलालसस्य।
गात्रापवृत्तिभरखर्वितशेषमव्या-
दव्याहतं मुरजितः कृ तकप्रसुप्तम्॥
(SUBHĀṢITA-RATNA-KOŚA, 6.18)

With eyes widened

by yawning, he longs for
caresses from the hand
of Lakṣṃī who woke first.
As he tosses over,
his weight presses down
Ādiśeṣa, the serpent king
शेषशायी whose coils
serve as his mattress.
This sculpture is one of the earliest depictions of Śeṣa-śāyī – four-armed Mahā-viṣṇu May Viṣṇu who feigns
reclining on the endless serpent, Ananta. At his feet is Devī Lakṣmī, an embodiment indulgent sleep
of wealth and prosperity, serving her beloved who symbolizes dharma. Also seen
in this manner
are Skanda on his peacock, Indra on his Airāvata, Brahmā on the lotus, and Śiva
and Pārvatī on Nandī. The isotonic features of Mahā-viṣṇu are typical to Indian protect you!
sculptures. (Daśāvatāra Temple, Deogarh.)

july 2024
M T W T F S S important dates
7 Jagannath Rath Yatra begins
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 15
16
Jagannath Rath Yatra ends
Dakṣiṇāyana begins

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 21 Guru-pūrṇimā / Vyāsa-pūrṇimā /
Cāturmāsya begins
23 Bal Gangadhar Tilak Jayanti /
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Chandra Shekhar Azad Jayanti

22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31

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