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Lect 1

The document provides an overview of Database Management Systems (DBMS), detailing its functions, components, advantages, and disadvantages. It covers the history of database systems, types of database users, and the roles they play in managing data. Additionally, it discusses the relevance of DBMS in online transaction processing (OLTP) and online analytical processing (OLAP).

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MUHAMMAD SALEEM RAZA
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24 views17 pages

Lect 1

The document provides an overview of Database Management Systems (DBMS), detailing its functions, components, advantages, and disadvantages. It covers the history of database systems, types of database users, and the roles they play in managing data. Additionally, it discusses the relevance of DBMS in online transaction processing (OLTP) and online analytical processing (OLAP).

Uploaded by

MUHAMMAD SALEEM RAZA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DB Basic Concepts

Rab Nawaz Jadoon


Department of Computer Science Assistant Professor
COMSATS IIT, Abbottabad
DCS Pakistan
COMSATS Institute of
Information Technology

Management Information Systems (MIS)


Lecture Agenda
Database Management System (DBMS)
What a DBMS Does
History of Database Systems
Purposes of a DBMS
Components of DBMS Environment
Types of Database Users
DBMS Components
Advantages of DBMS
Disadvantages of DBMS
World Wide Web
Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
Department of Computer Science
Database Management System
(DBMS)
A software system that enables users to define,
create, and maintain the database and which
provides controlled access to this database.
Provides systematic method of creating, updating,
storing, and retrieving data in a database
It enables end users and application programmers to
share data among multiple applications
A DBMS also provides facilities for controlling data
access, enforcing data integrity, managing
concurrency control, and restoring a database.

Department of Computer Science


What a DBMS does?
Allows users to
store data
manage change (updates)
organize data
retrieve data
retain privacy (security)
Provides
Data Definition Language (DDL)
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Data Control Language (DCL)
These may be the same language!

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History of Database Systems
First-generation
Hierarchical and Network
Second generation
Relational
Third generation
Extended Relational, Object-Oriented

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Purposes of a DBMS
Access
Provide one application to access many databases
Layers
Hide physical storage considerations from the user
Views
To provide only the data a user needs
Security
Restrict access to the data
Integrity
Preserve data integrity while supporting change
Recovery
Return the database to a consistent state after a failure of any
kind
Concurrency
Offer simultaneous access to many users
Backup

Department of Computer Science


Components of DBMS Environment
Hardware:
Can range from a PC to a network of computers.
Software:
DBMS, operating system, network software (if necessary)
and also the application programs.
Data
used by the organization and a description of this data (a
schema).
Procedures:
Instructions and rules that should be applied to the design
and use of the database and DBMS.
People.

Department of Computer Science


Types of Database Users
Data Administrator (DA)
DA is responsible for the management of the data resources
including database planning, development and maintenance of
standards, policies and procedures and conceptual/logical data
design.
Database Administrator (DBA)
DBA is responsible for the physical realization of the database,
including physical database design and implementation, security
and integrity and maintenance of operational system.
Database Designers
Logical Database Designer
LDD is concerned with identifying entities, attributes, the
relationship between data, and constraints of the data to be
stored in the database.

Department of Computer Science


Types of Database user
Physical Database Designer
Is concerned with how logical database is to be physically
realized.
Database systems programmers
writes the DBMS software
Applications developers
write the client software that allows end users to
interface with the DBMS
End users
use the information provided by the database to
achieve a personal or organizational goal

Department of Computer Science


DBMS Components
Data dictionary
stores information about database objects
Data dictionary compiler
extracts database information and store it in data
dictionary
Query processor
interprets and optimizes user queries
Transaction manager
communicates with recovery manager and scheduler
to ensure data consistency in multi-user
environments
Storage manager
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DBMS Components

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Advantages of DBMS
Control of data redundancy.
Data consistency
More information from the same amount of data.
Sharing of data.
Improved data integrity.
Improved security.
Enforcement of standards.
Economy of scale.
Balanced conflicting requirements
Improved data accessibility and responsiveness
Increased productivity
Improved maintenance through data independence
Increased concurrency
Improved backup and recovery services

Department of Computer Science


Disadvantages of DBMS
Complexity
Size
Cost of DBMS
Additional hardware costs
Cost of conversion
Performance
Higher impact of a failure

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World Wide Web
Organizations are now rapidly building new
database applications or reengineering existing
ones to take full advantage of the web
This increases the number of skills that are
needed to be a DBA
XML documents are used to pass data between
different programs on the network
XSLT programs are used to translate XML
documents into different formats

Department of Computer Science


Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)
Retrieval, update, or insertion of isolated facts
To serve day-to-day business needs
Many users, small transactions, highly dynamic
data reflecting current situation

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Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
Exploration of multi-dimensional data
To support decision-making and strategic
planning
Few users, large transactions, static historical
data

Department of Computer Science


Department of Computer Science 17

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