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Lec 10 Rotating Vessel

The document discusses the dynamics of a liquid mass in a rotating vessel about a vertical axis, detailing the forces acting on the liquid and the resulting parabolic shape of the liquid surface. It includes calculations for various scenarios involving open and closed cylindrical vessels, such as determining the greatest speed before spillage and the pressure at the bottom. Additionally, it presents problems related to the behavior of liquid in rotating vessels and provides solutions for specific cases.

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113 views6 pages

Lec 10 Rotating Vessel

The document discusses the dynamics of a liquid mass in a rotating vessel about a vertical axis, detailing the forces acting on the liquid and the resulting parabolic shape of the liquid surface. It includes calculations for various scenarios involving open and closed cylindrical vessels, such as determining the greatest speed before spillage and the pressure at the bottom. Additionally, it presents problems related to the behavior of liquid in rotating vessels and provides solutions for specific cases.

Uploaded by

anpaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rotating Vessel about a Vertical Axis

A liquid mass rotated about the vertical axis with a constant angular
velocity ω (radians per second) every particle of the liquid has a normal acceleration
a n.

Let us consider a force that acts on the small mass of the liquid M with the
particle distance” from the axis of rotation.
The mass has a uniform circular motion a centripetal force C=M ω2 r which
W
causes or known as the REVERSE EFFECTIVE FORCE Ma∈¿ Linear or a but
g n
2
v 2
normal acceleration is equal to ∨ω x .
x

W 2
∗ω x
2 2
CF M ω x g ω x
tanθ= = = = N
W W W g W θ
tanθ is the slope of the parabolid at
the point x from the axis of rotation.
Y CF
tanθ=
X
2
dy ω x
=
dx g
Integrate both sides
2
ω x
dy = dx
g
2
∫ dy= ωg ∫ x dx
2 2
ω x
y=
2g

For cylindrical container ‘r” radius “h for the height of the parabolid
2 2
ω r
h=
2g

Volume of the paraboloid is equal to ½ the volume of the cylinder

1 2
V= π r h
2

A. Open Cylindrical tank partially filled with water rotated at


an angular velocity. ω

h/2
h
h/2
B. Closed Cylindrical Vessel:
No pressure at the top of the vessel and it is full of water.

C. No pressure at the top of the vessel but partially filled


with water.

D. The vessel is full of water and with pressure on top of it.


Problemm#6: An open cylindrical vessel 0.60 m in diameter
and 0.90m high is 2/3 full of liquid. If the vessel is rotated
about its vertical axis.
a. What is the greatest speed in revolutions per minute that it
can have without causing any liquid to spill over the sides?

b. What speed must it have in order that the depth at the


center be zero?

c. What speed must it have in order that there may be no


liquid within 150mm of the vertical axis?
Problem #7
An open cylindrical tank 1.2m in diameter and 1.8m deep is
filled with water and rotated about its own axis at 60
revolutions per minute. How much liquid is spilled and what
is the pressure at the center of its bottom?
r =0.6 m
rev
∗2 π rad
min
∗1min
1 rev rad
ω=60 =2 π
60 Sec sec
2 2
ω2 r 2 ( 2 π ) ( 0.6 m )
h= = =0.724 m
( )
2g m
2 x 9.81 2
s

Volume spilled = Volume of the Paraboloid


2
πr
= 2
h

2
π ( 0.6 m )
= 2
∗0.724

= 0.409 m3
Pressure at the center of its bottom
kN
= 9.81 m3 ∗(1.8 m−0.724 m)

= 10.556 kPa
SEAT WORK in
ROTATING VESSELS

1. An open cylindrical vessel 0.60 m in diameter contains water 0.90 m deep


when at rest. If it is rotated about its vertical axis at a speed of 180 rpm,
determine the least depth the vessel can have so that no water is spilled
over the sides.

2. A vessel 300 mm in diameter and filled with water is rotated about its
vertical axis with such a speed that the water surface at a distance of 75
mm from the axis makes an angle of 45°with the horizontal. Determine the
speed in rpm.

3. A cylindrical vessel 0.30m deep is half filled with water. When it is rotated
about its vertical axis with a speed of 150 rpm, the water just rises to the
rim of the vessel. Determine the diameter of the vessel.

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