Scribd
Upload
4 views3 pages

113calculus1 Ex5

The document contains a series of calculus exercises focused on applications of differentiation, including finding absolute extrema, proving inequalities using the Mean Value Theorem, and evaluating limits. It also includes problems related to the linearization of functions, the uniqueness of roots, and the properties of exponential functions. Additionally, there are applications of calculus to real-world scenarios, such as light refraction and geometric constraints.

Uploaded by

angelo20060529
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views3 pages

113calculus1 Ex5

The document contains a series of calculus exercises focused on applications of differentiation, including finding absolute extrema, proving inequalities using the Mean Value Theorem, and evaluating limits. It also includes problems related to the linearization of functions, the uniqueness of roots, and the properties of exponential functions. Additionally, there are applications of calculus to real-world scenarios, such as light refraction and geometric constraints.

Uploaded by

angelo20060529
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Calculus I (08) Date : 2024/10

Exercise 5 : Applications of Differentiation (4.1 ∼ 4.7)


1. Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values of f on the given interval I.
ex
(a) f (x) = , I = [0, 3].
1 + x2
(b) f (x) = xa (1 − x)b , I = [0, 1], where a and b are positive numbers.

2. Suppose that 0 ≤ a < b. Using the Mean Value Theorem, prove that

1 tan−1 (b) − tan−1 (a) 1


2
< <
1+b b−a 1 + a2

√
 
−1 x−1 π
3. Prove the identity sin = 2 tan−1 x− .
x+1 2

4. (a) Find the linearization of f (x) = sin−1 x at x = 0.5. Denote the linearization by L(x).
(b) Use linear approximation to estimate sin−1 (0.49).
(c) Let g(x) = sin−1 x − L(x). Use the Mean Value Theorem twice to estimate |g(0.49) − g(0.5)|
and get an upper bound for the quantity.

5. (a) Show that the equation 3x + 2 cos x + 5 = 0 has exactly one real root.
(b) Prove that if f ′ (x) ̸= 1 for all real numbers x, then f has at most one fixed point.

6. (a) Show that ex ≥ 1 + x for x ≥ 0.


1
(b) Deduce that ex ≥ 1 + x + x2 for x ≥ 0.
2
x2 xn
(c) Prove that for x ≥ 0 and any positive integer n, ex ≥ 1 + x + + ··· + .
2! n!
7. (4.3.98) For what values of c is the function
1
f (x) = cx +
x2 +3
is increasing on (−∞, ∞)?

8. Evaluate the following limits.


 
1 1
(a) lim − x
x→0 x e −1
  
1+x
(b) lim x − x2 ln
x→∞ x
1
(c) lim (1 − cos x) ln x .
x→0+
  1
tan x x2
(d) lim
x→0 x
1
(1 + x) x − e
(e) lim
x→0 x
√ √
1 + tan x − 1 + sin x
(f) lim .
x→0 x3
9. (4.4.91) Let ( 2
e−1/x , x ̸= 0;
f (x) =
0 , x = 0.

(a) Use the definition of derivative to compute f ′ (0).


(b) (Optional) Show that f has derivatives of all orders that are defined on R.

1
10. Sketch the curve y = f (x) for each of the following function f (x). Indicate on your sketch (if any)
the local extrema, inflection points and asymptotes of the curve.
x|x + 1|
(a) f (x) = for x ̸= −2
x+2
1
(b) f (x) = (x3 + x2 ) 3

11. (4.7.77) Let v1 be the velocity of light in air and v2 the velocity of light in water. According to
Fermat’s Principle, a ray of light will travel from a point A in the air to a point B in the water by
a path ACB that minimizes the time taken. Show that
sin θ1 v1
=
sin θ2 v2
where θ1 (the angle of incidence) and θ2 (the angle of refraction) are as shown. This equation is
known as Snell’s Law.

12. (4.7.80) A steel pipe is being carried down a hallway 9 ft wide. At the end of the hall there is a
right-angled turn into a narrower hallway 6 ft wide. What is the length of the longest pipe that
can be carried horizontally around the corner?

(a) Problem 11 (b) Problem 12

Answers:
e 3
1. (a) Max = f (3) = 10 , Min = f (0) = 1
 
a aa bb
(b) Max = f a+b = (a+b) a+b , Min = f (0) = f (1) = 0

2. Hint: Apply the Mean Value Theorem to f (x) = tan−1 x on [a, b]


  √
3. Hint: Let f (x) = sin−1 x+1
x−1
− 2 tan−1 x. Show that f ′ (x) = 0.

π √2 (x
4. (a) L(x) = 6 + 3
− 21 )
π √2 (0.01)
(b) 6 − 3
4√
(c) |g(0.49) − g(0.5)| ≤ 10000 27

5. (a) Use the Intermediate Value Theorem for the existence of the root and then apply the Mean
Value Theorem to prove the uniqueness.
(b) Hint: proof by contradiction.

6. (a) Show that f (x) = ex − (1 + x) is increasing for x ≥ 0 and f (0) = 0


x2
(b) Use (a) to show that f (x) = ex − (1 + x + 2 ) is increasing for x ≥ 0.
(c) Use induction.

2
1
7. c ≥ 8
1
8. (a) 2
1
(b) 2
(c) e2
1
(d) e 3
(e) − 2e
1
(f) 4

9. (a) f ′ (0) = 0
(b) Hint: First show by induction that there is a polynomial pn (x) and a nonnegative integer kn
such that f (n) (x) = pn (x)f (x)/xkn for x ̸= 0.)

10. (a) • Local maximum : (−1, 0)


√ √ √ √
• Local minimum : (−2 − 2, 3 + 2 2) and (−2 + 2, −3 + 2 2)
• Inflection point : (−1, 0)
• Asymptotes : x = −2, y = x − 1 and y = −x + 1

√
3
(b) • Local maximum : (− 23 , 34 )
• Local minimum : (0, 0)
• Inflection point : (−1, 0)
• Asymptote : y = x + 31

√ √
a2 +x2 b2 +(d−x)2
11. Minimize the function T (x) = v1 + v2 , 0<x<d
2 2 3
12. (6 3 + 9 3 ) 2

You might also like