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Lecture 1

The document outlines the structure and objectives of a module on computer components, programming logic, and programming languages. It covers key concepts such as hardware and software operations, programming language generations, and the programming process including design, coding, and testing. Additionally, it discusses the advantages of Integrated Development Environments and the importance of documentation through program comments.

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Alfred Machinya
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2 views3 pages

Lecture 1

The document outlines the structure and objectives of a module on computer components, programming logic, and programming languages. It covers key concepts such as hardware and software operations, programming language generations, and the programming process including design, coding, and testing. Additionally, it discusses the advantages of Integrated Development Environments and the importance of documentation through program comments.

Uploaded by

Alfred Machinya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module Team

 Lecturer: Botlhe Lucas

 Tutors: Patrick Sebalatlheng and Emily Shaibu

Learning Objectives

 Computer Components and Operations:

o Hardware: Physical devices like CPU, memory, input/output


devices.

o Software: Instructions that tell hardware what to do,


including application and system software.

o Operations: Input, processing, and output.

 Program Logic:

o Simple Program Logic: Steps for input, processing, and


output.

o Logic Errors: Incorrect results due to improper sequence or


missing instructions.

 History and Types of Programming Languages:

o Procedural Programming: Focuses on actions and


processes.

o Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Focuses on objects


with attributes, behaviours, and states.

 Programming Language Generations:

o First Generation: Machine language.

o Second Generation: Assembly language.

o Third Generation: High-level languages like C, Java.

o Fourth Generation: Languages closer to human language.

o Fifth Generation: Languages used for artificial intelligence.

Understanding Computer Components and Operations

 Input Operation: Data entry through devices like keyboard and


mouse.

 Processing Operation: Data manipulation in the CPU.


 Output Operation: Displaying or storing data using devices like
monitors and printers.

 Memory (RAM): Temporary storage for data.

 Programming Language: Instructions for data manipulation,


governed by syntax rules.

Program Code and Execution

 Source Code: Written in high-level language.

 Object Code: Translated into machine language.

 Compiler: Translates entire program before execution.

 Interpreter: Translates instructions just before execution.

Simple Program Logic

 Example: Program to double a number involves input, processing,


and output steps.

Evolution of Programming Models

 Procedural Programming: Breaks down processes into subtasks.

 Object-Oriented Programming: Defines objects needed to


accomplish tasks, focusing on attributes, behaviors, and states.

Steps in the Programming Process

 Analyzing the System: Understanding user needs.

 Designing the System: Envisioning objects and their relationships.

 Writing and Testing Programs: Developing logic, coding,


translating, and testing.

Writing and Testing Programs

 Planning Tools: Flowcharts and pseudocode.

 Coding: Writing statements in a programming language.

 Translation: Using compilers or interpreters.

 Testing: Checking for syntax and logical errors.

Maintenance

 Maintenance Process: Making changes after the program is in


production to fix errors, update values, or add functionality.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)


 Advantages: Syntax highlighting, error detection, automatic
statement completion.

 Disadvantages: Requires more storage space.

Program Comments

 Purpose: Documentation for programmers, including author, date,


and purpose.

User Environments

 Command Line vs GUI: Logical process remains the same


regardless of environment.

Summary

 Major Operations: Input, processing, and output.

 System Development: Involves analyzing, designing, and writing


programs.

 Testing: Ensuring programs are free of syntax and logical errors.

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