Probability

Tuesday, 4 March 2025 4:00 pm

We have a coin

Total option/outcomes in the coin = head and tail = 2

Favorable outcomes = head

Probability of head = Favorable outcome / total outcome

Probability of head = 1 / 2

Probability of having a tail = 1/2

We have playing cards

Hearts
= 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,910,J,Q,K = 13

Diamonds

= 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,910,J,Q,K = 13

Clubs

= 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,910,J,Q,K = 13

Spades

= 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,910,J,Q,K = 13

Total playing cards are = 52

• A card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards. What is the probability of drawing a red card?
• What is the probability of drawing a queen from a deck of 52 cards?
• A single card is drawn. What is the probability that it is a club?
• What is the probability of drawing an ace (1) or a king?
• What is the probability of drawing a number card (2-10) from any suit?

1. What is the probability of drawing a red card from a standard deck?

2. What is the probability of drawing a black card from a standard deck?
3. What is the probability of drawing a face card (King, Queen, or Jack)?
4. What is the probability of drawing a heart?
5. What is the probability of drawing a club?
6. What is the probability of drawing a diamond?
7. What is the probability of drawing a spade?
8. What is the probability of drawing an Ace?
9. What is the probability of drawing a King?
10. What is the probability of drawing a Queen?
11. What is the probability of drawing a Jack?
12. What is the probability of drawing a number card (2 to 10)?
13. What is the probability of drawing a card with an even number (2, 4, 6, 8, 10)?
14. What is the probability of drawing a card with an odd number (3, 5, 7, 9)?
15. What is the probability of drawing a red face card?
16. What is the probability of drawing a black face card?
17. What is the probability of drawing an Ace of spades?
18. What is the probability of drawing a Queen of hearts?
19. What is the probability of drawing a 10 of diamonds?
20. What is the probability of drawing a card that is NOT a face card?

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20. What is the probability of drawing a card that is NOT a face card?
21. What is the probability of drawing a card that is NOT red?
22. What is the probability of drawing a card that is NOT a club?
23. What is the probability of drawing a card that is NOT an Ace?
24. What is the probability of drawing a card that is NOT a King?
25. What is the probability of drawing a card that is either an Ace or a King?

Red die = 1,2,3,4,5,6

Blue die = 1,2,3,4,5,6

Combine all options=

1r,1b
1r,2b
1r3b
1r4b
1r5b
1r6b
2r1b
2r2b

Mutually Exclusive Event:

An event where two options donot match with each other

Eg: we have two dice, we have to select even number on the both dice,
select one on both dice.
Both the options are not common to each other.

We call these type of events as Mutually exclusive event.

OR Rule

We add both the probabilities of the selections.

P(A) + P(B) = P(A or B)

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Independent Event:
An event where two options match with each other
e.g We have two dice, select an even number, select number two.
Both the options are common to each other

We call these type of events as Independent Event

AND Rule

We multiply both the probabilities of the selections.

P(A) x P(B) = P(A AND B)

Data:
Heads = 2/3
Tail = 1/3
Total number of tosses = 3

a) P(T AND T) = P(T) x P(T)

= 1/3 x 1/3 =1/9

b)

1. A bag contains 4 red balls and 6 blue balls. One ball is drawn at random. What is the probability of drawing either a red or a blue ball?
2. A dice is rolled. What is the probability of getting either a 2 or a 5?
3. A student takes part in two activities: debate and chess club. The probability of being selected for the debate is 0.4, and for chess club is 0.3. If these events are mutually exclusive, find the probability that
the student is selected for either debate or chess.
4. A box contains 5 apples, 3 oranges, and 2 mangoes. If a fruit is randomly selected, what is the probability of selecting either an apple or a mango?
5. A card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards. What is the probability of drawing either a King or a Queen?
6. A dice is rolled. What is the probability of getting either an even number or an odd number?
7. A school organizes a lucky draw where participants can win either a laptop or a smartphone, but not both. The probability of winning a laptop is 0.25, and the probability of winning a smartphone is 0.35.
Find the probability of winning at least one prize.
8. A spinner has 4 equal sections numbered 1, 2, 3, 4. What is the probability of spinning either a 1 or a 3?
9. In a football tournament, a team can either win or lose (a draw is not possible). If the probability of winning is 0.6, find the probability of losing.
10. A lottery ticket has numbers from 1 to 100. If a winner is chosen at random, what is the probability of picking either a multiple of 4 or a multiple of 5?
11. A fair coin is tossed twice. What is the probability of getting heads on both tosses?
12. A fair dice is rolled twice. What is the probability of rolling a 6 both times?
13. The probability of a student passing a Math test is 0.7, and the probability of passing a Science test is 0.8. If these two events are independent, what is the probability that the student passes both tests?
14. A bag contains 5 red and 7 green balls. If a ball is drawn and then replaced, and another ball is drawn, what is the probability that both balls are green?
15. A fair coin is tossed three times. What is the probability of getting at least one tails?
16. The probability that a machine produces a defective item is 0.02. If two items are selected randomly, what is the probability that both are defective?
17. A box contains 3 defective bulbs and 7 working bulbs. If a bulb is randomly picked, replaced, and another is picked, what is the probability that both picked bulbs are defective?
18. Two dice are rolled. What is the probability that both dice show a number greater than 3?
19. The probability of a student solving a puzzle correctly is 0.4. If the student attempts the puzzle twice, what is the probability that they solve it correctly at least once?
20. A survey finds that 60% of people like tea and 50% like coffee. If a person is randomly selected, what is the probability that they like both tea and coffee, assuming independence?

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