1. List out some safety measures against electric shocks.

[ Mention basic guidelines (Safety Rules)

regarding safe handling of electricity]

Ans Safety Measures Against Electric Shocks

1. Turn Off Power: Always switch off the power supply before working on electrical appliances
or wiring.

2. Use Insulated Tools: Use tools with rubber or plastic handles to prevent electric shocks.

3. Dry Hands and Feet: Avoid handling electrical appliances with wet hands or standing on wet
surfaces.

4. Proper Grounding: Ensure that all electrical devices and appliances are properly grounded.

5. Avoid Overloading Circuits: Do not overload sockets with too many appliances to prevent
overheating and short circuits.

6. Use Residual Current Devices (RCDs): Install RCDs or circuit breakers to detect leakage
currents and prevent electric shocks.

7. Wear Protective Gear: Use rubber gloves and shoes when working with electricity.

8. Keep Electrical Cords in Good Condition: Replace damaged or frayed wires immediately.

9. Stay Away from Live Wires: Never touch exposed wires, and maintain a safe distance from
high-voltage areas.

10. Educate About Electrical Safety: Teach children and untrained individuals to stay away from
electrical outlets and appliances.

2. Describe the necessity of using electrical protective devices.

Ans Electrical protective devices are essential for preventing electric shocks, short circuits, and fire
hazards. They help disconnect power during faults, ensuring the safety of people and electrical
equipment. Devices like circuit breakers, fuses, and RCDs protect against overloading, leakage
currents, and voltage surges. They also enhance system reliability and prevent costly damages. By
complying with safety standards, these devices reduce risks in homes, workplaces, and industries.
Their proper use ensures a safe and efficient electrical system. ⚡🔌

3. What is Earthing. Explain the need of Earthing.

Ans What is Earthing?

Earthing (or grounding) is the process of connecting the electrical system to the earth using a
conductor, usually a copper or galvanized iron rod. It provides a safe path for fault currents to flow
into the ground, preventing electrical hazards.

Need for Earthing:

1. Prevents Electric Shocks – Redirects leakage current safely into the ground, protecting
people.

2. Protects Electrical Equipment – Prevents damage to appliances due to voltage surges or

faults.

3. Avoids Fire Hazards – Reduces the risk of electrical fires caused by short circuits.
 4. Ensures Voltage Stability – Maintains a stable voltage level in electrical systems.

5. Enhances Safety Compliance – Meets electrical safety regulations for homes and industries.

Earthing is crucial for safety, ensuring a reliable and hazard-free electrical system. ⚡🌍

3. Explain Pipe Earthing with neat diagram.

Ans Pipe Earthing

Definition:

Pipe earthing is a type of earthing system where a galvanized iron (GI) pipe is used as an electrode
and is buried vertically in the ground to safely discharge fault currents into the earth. It is commonly
used in residential and industrial electrical installations due to its efficiency and durability.

Construction & Installation:

1. GI Pipe (usually 2.5 to 3 meters long and 38-50 mm in diameter) is buried vertically in a
moist soil pit.

2. Coal and Salt Layers are placed around the pipe to enhance conductivity.

3. A funnel with a mesh is provided at the top for water pouring to maintain moisture levels.

4. Earthing wire is connected to the top of the pipe and linked to the electrical system for
safety.

Need for Pipe Earthing:

✔ Ensures low resistance path for fault currents.

✔ Provides better conductivity than plate earthing.
✔ Suitable for highly resistive soils.
✔ Cost-effective and durable for long-term use.

Diagram:
5. Explain Plate Earthing with neat diagram.

ans Plate Earthing

Definition:

Plate earthing is a method where a copper or galvanized iron (GI) plate is buried in the ground
to provide a safe path for fault currents. It ensures proper grounding of electrical systems,
reducing the risk of electric shocks and equipment damage.

Construction & Installation:

1. A copper (600 mm × 600 mm × 3 mm) or GI plate (600 mm × 600 mm × 6 mm) is buried

vertically in a pit at a depth of 2–3 meters.

2. Salt and charcoal layers are placed around the plate to improve conductivity.

3. A funnel with a water pipe is provided at the surface to keep the surrounding soil moist.

4. An earthing wire is connected to the plate and runs up to the electrical system for safety.

Need for Plate Earthing:

✔ Provides low resistance and reliable grounding.

✔ Ensures better conductivity due to a larger surface area.
✔ Protects electrical systems and appliances from faults and voltage fluctuations.
✔ Commonly used in high-rise buildings, substations, and industrial areas.
 Diagram:

5. List components of low tension switchgear.

Ans Components of Low Tension (LT) Switchgear

Low Tension (LT) Switchgear consists of essential components for safe and efficient power
distribution. Circuit breakers (MCB, MCCB, ACB) and fuses protect against overcurrent and short
circuits. Switches and isolators help in manual circuit control, while relays detect faults and trip
breakers. Contactors enable remote switching, and busbars distribute electrical power
efficiently. Transformers regulate voltage, lightning arresters protect against surges, and meters
& indicators monitor electrical parameters. These components ensure a reliable and secure LT
electrical system. ⚡🔌

5. Describe working of MCB.

Ans Working of MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)

An MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) is an automatic switch that protects electrical circuits from
overcurrent and short circuits. It operates in two ways:

1. Thermal Mechanism (Overload Protection) – A bimetallic strip inside the MCB heats up and
bends when excessive current flows, triggering the breaker to trip and disconnect the circuit.

2. Magnetic Mechanism (Short Circuit Protection) – In case of a short circuit, a magnetic coil
generates a strong electromagnetic force, instantly tripping the breaker to cut off power.

Once tripped, the MCB can be manually reset, ensuring safety and preventing damage to electrical
systems. ⚡🔌

7. State different parts with neat and clean diagram of MCCB

Ans Parts of MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker)

1. Frame (Casing): Provides insulation and protection for internal components.

2. Contacts: Includes fixed and moving contacts that open/close the circuit.
 3. Operating Mechanism: A manual switch or lever to operate the MCCB.

4. Arc Chutes: Extinguish the arc formed during circuit breaking.

5. Thermal Trip Unit: Detects overload using a bimetallic strip and trips the breaker.

6. Magnetic Trip Unit: Uses an electromagnet to trip instantly during short circuits.

Would you like me to generate a clear digital diagram of an MCCB for better visualization? 😊

Q8. Calculate the electricity bill amount for a month of

March, if 5 bulbs of 40 W for 5 h, 6 tube lights of 60 W for 5
h, a TV of 100 W for 6 h, a washing machine of 400 W for 2 h,
a water pump of 0.5 HP for 30 minutes are used per day. The
cost per unit is Rs 3.50. Consider 1 HP = 746 watts.
9. Compute the energy charges for an air conditioner having
consumption of 2 kW for the month of April. Daily usage of
the air conditioner is 12 hours. Energy charges are Rs. 9 per
unit.
Ans
10. Compute the monthly energy charges for an air conditioner having Power consumption of 3 kW
and daily uses 10 hours. Energy charges Rs. 5 per unit

ans