PAIRED ASSIGNMENT

OMEGA DAVID

ODONGO SIMON

ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATIONS

Sender Message Receiver

Media

Feedback

SENDER
The sender is a key element of communication and plays a crucial in effectiveness of the message being
conveyed through encoding it with the following characteristics;

 Communication skills. The sender is required to have good communication skill for easy
articulation of their thoughts clearly, concisely and accurately.
 Knowledge and expertise. Here the sender’s knowledge and expertise in the subject matter can
greatly impact their ability to communicate effectively ie should have good understanding of the
topic
 Attitude. The sender ‘s attitude towards the message being conveyed greatly affect the
effectiveness of communication both positively and negatively according to the audience
 Non-verbal communication. Here the sender’s non-verbal cues like facial expressions, body
language and tone of voices impact the message being conveyed
  Cultural background. The sender’s cultural background can impact their communication style
and the way in which their message is perceived
 Personal Characteristics. For instance; Age, gender and personal traits can influence their
communication style and the way in which their message is perceived

MESSAGE

Message is a central element of communication and refers to the information being conveyed from the
sender to the receiver. The following are some of the key characteristics of a message:

 Clarity: The message should be clear and easy to understand. It should be free from ambiguity
and confusion, and the sender should strive to convey the message in the most straightforward
way possible.
 Relevance: The message should be relevant to the intended audience. The sender should ensure
that the message is tailored to the needs and interests of the receiver, and that it addresses their
concerns or issues.
 Accuracy: The message should be accurate and based on reliable information. The sender should
ensure that they have a good understanding of the subject matter and that the information they
are conveying is correct.
 Completeness: The message should be complete and comprehensive. It should contain all the
necessary information required for the receiver to understand the message and take appropriate
action.
 Consistency: The message should be consistent with the sender's overall communication
strategy. It should be aligned with the sender's goals, objectives, and values, and be consistent
with the sender's previous messages.
 Tone: The tone of the message can significantly impact its effectiveness. The sender should use
an appropriate tone that is respectful, courteous, and professional, and that resonates with the
receiver.
 Medium: The medium used to convey the message can also impact its effectiveness. The sender
should choose a medium that is appropriate for the message and the receiver, and that allows
for effective communication.

RECEIVER

The receiver is an essential element of communication, and their characteristics can significantly impact
the effectiveness of the communication process. The following are some of the key characteristics of a
receiver:

 Listening Skills: Effective communication requires the receiver to have good listening skills. They
should be able to listen actively and attentively, and focus on understanding the message being
conveyed.
 Knowledge and Expertise: The receiver's knowledge and expertise about the subject matter
being discussed can greatly impact their ability to understand the message. If the receiver has a
good understanding of the topic, they are more likely to comprehend the message effectively.
  Attitude: The receiver's attitude towards the sender and the message being conveyed can greatly
affect the effectiveness of communication. A positive attitude can create a receptive audience,
while a negative attitude can create resistance and defensiveness.
 Cultural Background: The receiver's cultural background can impact their communication style
and the way in which they interpret the message. It is important for the receiver to be aware of
cultural differences and adjust their communication style accordingly.
 Feedback: The receiver's ability to provide feedback can significantly impact the effectiveness of
communication. Providing feedback helps to clarify misunderstandings, ensure that the message
has been understood correctly, and can lead to better communication outcomes.
 Personal Characteristics: The receiver's personal characteristics, such as age, gender, and
personality traits, can also influence their communication style and the way in which they
interpret the message. It is important for the sender to be aware of these factors and adjust
their communication style as needed to ensure effective communication.

FEEDBACK

Feedback is an important element of communication that involves the receiver providing information
back to the sender about understanding of the message and the following are feedback characteristics;

 Timeliness. Here feedback should be given in timely manner to ensure any misunderstanding is
addressed promptly
 Clarity. Feedback should be clear and easy to understand the message being conveyed
 Relevance. Here feedback should be relevant to the message sent and related to those points
received
 Constructive. It should be constructive and aimed at improving the communication process in a
respectful and professional manner
 Accuracy. Feedback should be accurate and based on a correct understanding of the message
 Tone. Here the tone should be in a positive and supportive tone that encourages the sender to
continue improving their communication skills
 Actionable. Here feedback should be actionable in a way that the sender can take specific steps
to improve their communication skills based on the feedback provided

MEDIA

Media refers to the means through which message is conveyed from the sender to the receiver and
the following are the characteristics of the media;

 Accessibility. Media should be accessible to the intended audience ie medium that the receiver
is familiar with and can easily access
 Speed. Here we consider the speed at which the message can be transmitted ie a medium that is
fast enough to deliver message timely
 Clarity. Here the media should be clear and easy to understand ie free from distortion and
interference, and message should be conveyed clearly
 Cost. Here cost of a particular medium has to be considered, meaning that it should be cost
effective and fits within the budget
 Flexibility. The media should be flexible and adaptable to different communication needs such as
text, images, or video
 Ethics. Here media should be used ethically and responsibly so as to avoid using media to
deceive, or mislead the receiver, and respect the receiver’s privacy and confidentiality