TRANSFORMERS

1. A 10kVA, 2500V/250V single-phase transformer has the following parameters: h.v. winding: 4 +j16Ω
and l.v. winding: 0.15 + j0.48Ω. Find the voltage regulation and the secondary terminal voltage at full
load for a p.f. of 0.86 leading.
2. A10kVA, 500V/250V, single-phase transformer gave the following test results: S.C. test: 60V , 20A,
150W. If the maximum efficiency occurs at unity pf and at 1.2 times of full load current, calculate the
maximum efficiency. Also, determine the full load efficiency at 0.8 pf.
3. For a 10kVA, 250/2500V, 50Hz transformer the following Short Circuit (SC) and Open Circuit (OC)
test data are given. (i) OC Test: Active and reactive power absorbed by the transformer are 150W and
200VAR. (ii) SC Test: Active power consumed 150W; 8% rated voltage applied to flow the rated
current in the transformer. Draw the equivalent circuit on HV side.
4. A 8 kVA, 440/2200 V, 50 Hz single phase transformer gave the following test results: Open-circuit
test: 440 V, 0.8 A, 80 W Short-circuit test: 50 V, 3 A, 20 W (a) Draw the equivalent circuit referred to
the low-voltage side. (b) Calculate the secondary terminal voltage on full load at unity power factor.
5. For the same transformer in question 4, find (a) efficiency at 50% loading with 0.8 load power factor
lagging. (b) at what load transformer is operated at maximum efficiency. (c) maximum efficiency at
unity power factor.
6. The SC test data on a 10 kVA, 2300/230 V single-phase transformer are as follows: 90 V, 4.3 A, 290
W. If the low voltage side is delivering 85% of rated load at 0.8 PF lag, and at 230 V, nd (a) the
corresponding voltage applied on the high voltage side. (b) the voltage regulation at this loading
condition.
7. A 15 kVA, 1100/220 V, 50 Hz single phase transformer has following test results: SC test: 45 V, 13.6
A, 450 W OC test: 220 V, 3.8 A, 520 W (a) Calculate the series and shunt branch parameters of the
transformer referred to the high voltage side and draw the equivalent circuit. (b) Calculate the e ciency
of the transformer at 70% of rated load at unity power factor.
8. A 50 kVA 2300/230 V single-phase transformer has following test results: OC test: 230 V, 2 A, 359 W
SC test: 80 V, rated current, 555 W (a) Calculate efficiency and % voltage regulation at 80% of rated
load at 0.8 PF lag. (b) Calculate maximum efficiency at 0.8 PF lag.
9. Calculate the voltage across a resistive load that consumes 50 A from a 10 kVA, 400V/200V single
phase transformer with a percentage resistance of 3% and percentage leakage reactance of 6%.
10.The efficiency of a 20 kVA, 2500V/200V, single phase transformer at unity power factor is 98% at full
load and also at half load. Determine (i) its core loss and copper loss at full load (ii) the load current at
which maximum efficiency occurs and value of the maximum efficiency.
11.

12. The open and short circuit test data of a 250/500 V, 50Hz single phase (a) O.C. Test: 250V, 1 A, 80 W
(on LV side) (b) S.C. Test: 20V, 12 A, 100 W (on HV side) Determine all the equivalent circuit
parameters referred to the LV side. Draw the equivalent circuit.
13.A 50-kVA, 4400/220 V transformer has R1 = 3.45 Ω and R2 = 0.009 Ω. The values of reactance are
X1 = 5.2 Ω and X2 = 0.015 Ω. Calculate for the transformer: (a) Equivalent resistance as referred to
primary. (b) Equivalent resistance as referred to secondary. (c) Equivalent reactance as referred to both
primary and secondary. (d) Equivalent impedance as referred to both primary and secondary. (e) Total
Copper loss, first using individual resistances of the two windings and secondly, using equivalent
resistances as referred to each side.
14.A 10 kVA, 2500/250 V, single-phase transformer gave the following test results: Open circuit test: 250
V, 0.8 A, 50 W Short circuit test: 60 V, 3A, 45 W (a) Calculate the efficiency at 1/4,1/2,1 of full load at
0.8 p.f. (b) Calculate the load (kVA output) at which maximum efficiency occurs and also the value of
maximum efficiency at 0.8 p.f.
15.The maximum efficiency of a 100 kVA, single-phase transformer is 98% and occurs at 80% of full
load at 0.8 p.f. If the leakage impedance of the transformer is 5%, find the voltage regulation at a rated
load of 0.8 p.f. lagging.
16.The following data refer to a 1-phase transformer: Turn ratio 19.5: 1 R1 = 25 Ω ; X1 = 100 Ω ; R2 =
0.06 Ω ; X2 = 0.25 Ω. No-load current =1.25 A leading the flux by 30°. The secondary delivers 200 A
at a terminal voltage of 500 V and p.f. of 0.8 lagging. Determine the primary applied voltage, the
primary p.f. and the efficiency.
17.A 2200 V/220 V, 50 Hz, single-phase transformer has an exciting current of 0.6 A and a core loss of
361 W, when its h.v. side is energized at rated voltage. i. ii. Calculate the two components of the
exciting current. If the transformer supplies a load current of 60 A at 0.8 p.f. lagging on its l.v. side,
then calculate the primary current and its power factor. Ignore leakage impedance drops.
18.A 500 kVA, single-phase transformer has an efficiency of 90% both at full-load and half-load at unity
power factor. Determine the efficiency at 70% of full load at 0.8 p.f. lag.
19.A 10kVA, 2300V/230V, single-phase transformer has following parameters: h.v. winding: 4 +j16Ω
and l.v. winding: 0.35 + j0.18Ω. Find the voltage regulation and the secondary terminal voltage at full
load for a p.f. of (i) 0.86 lagging.
20.A 10kVA, 500V/250V, single-phase transformer gave the following test results: S.C. test (h.v. side):
60V , 20A, 150W. If the maximum efficiency occurs at unity pf and at 1.2 full load current, calculate
the maximum efficiency. Also, determine the full load efficiency at 0.8 pf.