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Chapter 2 covers the statics of particles, focusing on the resultant of coplanar and spatial concurrent forces. It explains methods for resolving forces into components, the importance of free-body diagrams for analyzing equilibrium, and provides various examples for clarification. The chapter emphasizes the use of Cartesian vector notation for simplifying calculations in three dimensions.

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2 views

chapter2

Chapter 2 covers the statics of particles, focusing on the resultant of coplanar and spatial concurrent forces. It explains methods for resolving forces into components, the importance of free-body diagrams for analyzing equilibrium, and provides various examples for clarification. The chapter emphasizes the use of Cartesian vector notation for simplifying calculations in three dimensions.

Uploaded by

geraldoaurelius
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 2

Statics of Particle
Statics of Particle
Every object we considered has its size, shape,
and mass. If compared with the effect of force,
its size and shape are able to be neglected, only
consider its mass. The object can be idealized as
a particle. All the forces acting on this particle
can be assumed to be the same point and will
thus form a system of concurrent forces.
2.1 Resultant of Coplanar
Concurrent Forces
• Graphical Method for Resultant of Forces

If a particle is acted more than two forces, the


resultant force can be obtained by the repeated
applications of the triangle rule.
R F3

F2
F3
F2

O O
F1 F1
Example2.1
Example 2.2
Example2.3
Example2.4
When a force is resolved into two components
along the x and y axes, the components are then
called rectangular components. For analytical
work we can represent these components in one
of two ways, using either scalar notation or
Cartesian vector notation.
Scalar Notation
F= Fx + Fy

Fx = F cos θ

Fy = F sin θ
Slope Triangle

FX a a
= OR FX = F ( )
F c c

Fy b b
= OR Fy = − F ( )
F c c
Cartesian Vector Notation
Coplanar Force Resultants
Important Points
• The resultant of several coplanar forces can easily be
determined if an x, y coordinate system is established
and the forces are resolved along the axes.
• The direction of each force is specified by the angle its
line of action makes with one of the axes, or by a sloped
triangle.
• The orientation of x and y axes is arbitrary, and their
positive direction can be specified by the Cartesian unit
vectors i and j .
• The x and y components of the resultant force are simply
the addition of the components of all the coplanar
forces.
Example2.5
Determine the x and y components of F1 and F2
acting on the boom shown below.
Express each force as a Cartesian vector.
Example2.6
Example2.7
2.2 Resultant of Spatial
Concurrent Forces
• The operations of vector algebra, when
applied to solving problems in three
dimensions, are greatly simplified if the
vectors are first represented in Cartesian
vector form. In next section we will present a
general method for doing this; and then we
will use this method for finding the resultant
force of spatial concurrent forces.
• Rectangular Components of a Vector.
• Cartesian Unit Vectors
• Cartesian Vector Representation
• Magnitude of a Cartesian Vector
• Direction of a Cartesian Vector
• Addition of Cartesian Vectors
• Example2.8
• Example2.9
• Example2.10
• Example2.11
2.3 Equilibrium of Coplanar
Concurrent Forces
• Condition for the equilibrium of a particle

∑F = 0
• The Free-Body Diagram

To apply the equation of equilibrium, we must


account for all the known and unknown forces
( ) which act on the particle. The best way to
do this is to think of the particle as isolated and
“free” from its surroundings.
A drawing that shows the particle with all the
forces that act on it is called a free-body
diagram(FBD).
Before presenting a formal procedure as to how
to draw a free-body diagram, we will first
consider two types of connections often
encountered in particle equilibrium problems.
Procedure for Drawing a Free-Body Diagram

• Draw Outlined Shape

• Show All Forces

• Identify Each Forces


Procedure for Drawing a Free-
Body Diagram
• Example3.1
Coplanar Force Systems
Procedure for Analysis
• Example3.2
• Example3.3
• Example3.4
2.4 Equilibrium of Spatial
Concurrent Forces
Procedure for Analysis
• Example3.5
• Example3.6
• Example3.7
• Quiz
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER REVIEW

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