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Normalization

Database normalization is a technique for organizing data to eliminate redundancy and anomalies. It involves several forms, including 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF, each with specific rules to ensure data integrity. The process aims to ensure that data is logically stored and dependencies make sense.

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3 views

Normalization

Database normalization is a technique for organizing data to eliminate redundancy and anomalies. It involves several forms, including 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF, each with specific rules to ensure data integrity. The process aims to ensure that data is logically stored and dependencies make sense.

Uploaded by

userstake123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Normalization:

● Database Normalisation is a technique of organizing the data in the


database.

● Normalization is a systematic approach of decomposing tables to


eliminate data redundancy and undesirable characteristics like
Insertion, Update and Deletion Anomalies.

● Normalization is used for mainly two purpose:


○ Eliminating redundant data.
○ Ensuring data dependencies make sense i.e. data is logically
stored.

● Normalization Rules:
○ 1st Normal Form
○ 2nd Normal Form
○ 3rd Normal Form
○ BCNF

Ex:
Table without Normalization

Table with 1NF normalization.j


1. 1NF:
The First Normal Form of Normalization in DBMS states that an attribute of a
Table cannot hold Multiple Values. We can also say that an attribute must be
single-valued. In other words, the composite attribute or multivalued attribute is
not allowed.

Thus, A Table is said to be in 1NF if:

● All columns contain atomic values.


● All values of a column(attribute) belong to the same domain.
● Column names are unique.

Second Normal Form (2NF):

A Table ( Relation) in the Database exists in the Second Normal Form if:

● It exists in the 1NF.


● It does not have Partial Dependency
Third Normal Form (3NF):

The Third Normal Form exists in a table if:

● It exists in the 2NF.


● There is no Transitive Dependency for non-prime attributes in the table.

Transitive Functional Dependency:

Transitive Functional Dependency occurs when a non-prime attribute is dependent


on another non-prime attribute. For example, in a relation, if Student ID determines
Student’s City then Student ID -> Student City is a Functional Dependency. And, if
Student’s State is determined by Student’s City then Student City->Student State is
also a Functional Dependency.

Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF):

A table or a relation exists in the BCNF if:

● It exists in 3NF.
● For every Functional Dependency A->B in the table, A is a Super Key.

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