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Data Analysis and Reporting

Data analysis involves examining and modeling data to extract insights and support decision-making, while data reporting presents these findings in structured formats for stakeholders. The process includes data collection, cleaning, transformation, analysis, and visualization, employing various techniques and tools. Effective reporting should include clear objectives, summaries, data sources, visualizations, and actionable recommendations.

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4 views

Data Analysis and Reporting

Data analysis involves examining and modeling data to extract insights and support decision-making, while data reporting presents these findings in structured formats for stakeholders. The process includes data collection, cleaning, transformation, analysis, and visualization, employing various techniques and tools. Effective reporting should include clear objectives, summaries, data sources, visualizations, and actionable recommendations.

Uploaded by

Yihya dalloul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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📊 What is Data Analysis?

Data analysis is the process of examining, transforming, and modeling data to discover useful
information, draw conclusions, and support decision-making.

📰 What is Data Reporting?


Data reporting is the presentation of analyzed data in a structured format (charts, dashboards,
reports, etc.) to communicate findings clearly and effectively to stakeholders.

🧭 Purpose of Data Analysis & Reporting


 🧠 Understand trends, patterns, and behaviors
 📉 Identify problems and opportunities
 📈 Support strategic and operational decisions
 💬 Communicate results clearly to teams and stakeholders
 📊 Evaluate performance (KPIs, targets, metrics)

🧰 Types of Data Analysis


Type Description Example
Descriptive Summarizes past data "What happened?" – Monthly sales report
Analyzes reasons for past
Diagnostic "Why did it happen?" – Drop in user activity
outcomes
Forecasts future trends using past "What will happen?" – Sales forecast for next
Predictive
data quarter
Suggests actions based on "What should we do?" – Best promotion
Prescriptive
predictions strategy
"What's in the data?" – Clustering user
Exploratory Investigates unknown patterns
behavior

🧱 The Data Analysis Process


1. Data Collection

 From sources like surveys, databases, APIs, sensors, logs, or social media.

2. Data Cleaning (Data Wrangling)

 Handle missing values, duplicates, outliers, incorrect formats.

3. Data Transformation

 Normalize, aggregate, create calculated fields (e.g., profit = revenue - cost).

4. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

 Use statistics and visualizations to understand structure, trends, and anomalies.

5. Data Modeling

 Apply algorithms (statistical, machine learning) for deeper insights or predictions.

6. Interpretation

 Translate numbers into meaning—"What does this mean for the business?"

7. Visualization & Reporting

 Create dashboards, charts, and written summaries to share with others.

📈 Common Techniques in Data Analysis


Technique Use
Aggregation Sum, average, count grouped data
Correlation Analysis Examine relationships between variables
Trend Analysis Identify upward or downward movements over time
Regression Predict numerical values
Classification Categorize data (e.g., spam vs. non-spam)
Clustering Group similar data points (e.g., customer segmentation)
Time Series Analysis Analyze data points over intervals (e.g., stock prices)

🧮 Tools for Data Analysis & Reporting


Category Tools
Spreadsheets Excel, Google Sheets
BI Platforms Power BI, Tableau, Looker, Qlik
Statistical Tools R, SAS, SPSS
Programming Languages Python (Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib), SQL
Data Warehousing Snowflake, BigQuery, Redshift
Dashboards Google Data Studio, Metabase, Grafana
Cloud Platforms AWS, Azure, GCP (for data pipelines and storage)

📋 Types of Reports
Type Purpose
Operational Reports Daily/weekly summaries for operations (e.g., inventory, orders)
Analytical Reports Deep dives into data to uncover insights
Strategic Reports Long-term planning support (e.g., quarterly business review)
Dashboards Real-time visual displays of KPIs
Ad hoc Reports On-demand reports for specific queries

📌 Key Elements of a Good Report


 Title and Objective – Clearly state what the report is about.
 Executive Summary – Highlight key takeaways.
 Data Sources – Indicate where the data came from.
 Visualizations – Use graphs, charts, and tables effectively.
 Analysis – Provide context and interpretation.
 Recommendations – Suggest actions or next steps.
 Appendix – Include methods, formulas, or raw data if needed.

🧩 Real-Life Examples
Industry Use Case
Retail Analyze sales by product, region, and season
Healthcare Track patient recovery rates and medication effectiveness
Finance Fraud detection, investment performance reporting
Education Student performance dashboards, attendance trends
Marketing Campaign analysis, customer segmentation
✅ Best Practices
 📅 Use real-time or regularly updated data
 📊 Choose appropriate visualizations (bar for comparison, line for trends, pie for
proportions)
 🔁 Automate repetitive reports
 🧠 Avoid data overload – focus on key insights
 📍 Highlight KPIs aligned with business goals
 🧪 Validate insights before presenting
 🔒 Maintain data privacy and compliance

💡 Sample KPI Dashboard Elements


Metric Description
Revenue Growth % increase in revenue over time
Customer Retention Rate % of returning customers
Conversion Rate Visitors who take desired actions
Average Order Value Revenue / Number of orders
Churn Rate % of users lost over a period

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