Task 1. If f: R→ Rand g: R→ R defined by f(x) = 2x+1 and g(x) = 3x+1.

(i) Find the functional values to the algebraic operations f/g(x), (fg)(x), fog(x), and gof(x) by
explaining the way of performing operations. Show all steps of calculations.

f/g(x):

f(x) = 2x + 1

g(x) = 3x + 1

To find f/g(x) we have to divide f(x) by g(x)

f/g(x) = f(x)/g(x)

f/g(x) = (2x +1) / (3x + 1)

Thus, f/g(x) is (2x + 1) / (3x +1).

(fg)(x):

f(x) = 2x + 1

g(x) = 3x + 1

To find (fg)(x) we have to multiply f(x) and g(x)

(fg)(x) = f(x) * g(x)

(fg)(x) = (2x + 1) * (3x + 1)

(fg)(x) = 6x2 + 2x + 3x + 1

(fg)(x) = 6x2 + 5x + 1

Thus, (fg)(x) is 6x2 + 5x + 1.

fog(x):

f(x) = 2x + 1

g(x) = 3x + 1

To find fog(x) we have to substitute g(x) into f(x)

fog(x) = f(g(x))

fog(x) = f(3x + 1)
fog(x) = 2(3x + 1) + 1

fog(x) = 6x + 2 + 1

fog(x) = 6x + 3

Thus, fog(x) is 6x + 3.

gof(x):

f(x) = 2x + 1

g(x) = 3x + 1

To find gof(x) we have to substitute f(x) into g(x)

gof(x) = g(f(x))

gof(x) = g(2x + 1)

gof(x) = 3(2x + 1) + 1

gof(x) = 6x + 3 + 1

gof(x) = 6x + 4

Thus gof(x) is 6x + 4.

(ii) Are fg, fog, and gof equal? Please explain your answer.

In order to determine if fg, fog and gof are equal we have to compare their answers obtained
from above

(fg)(x) = 6x2 + 5x + 1

fog(x) = 6x + 3

gof(x) = 6x + 4

From the above answers we can see that (fg)(x) is not equal to fog(x) or gof(x). In particular,
gof(x) and fog(x) are both linear functions, but (fg)(x) is a quadratic function. Furthermore,
the order of operations differs in fog(x) compared to gof(x), yielding different expressions.

Thus, (fg)(x), fog(x) and gof(x) are not equal.

(iii) Find the domain and ranges of each of the 4 operations. Explain the procedure of
finding the domain and range for each of above 4 operations.
Domain and Range of f/g(x):

Domain: Since division by zero is undefinable, the domain of f/g(x) is the set of all real
numbers excluding those values of x that cause the denominator g(x) to equal zero. Since g(x)
= 0 if x = -1/3, then all real numbers are in the domain of f/g(x), with the exception of -1/3.
Domain: (-1/3, -1/3)∪(-1/3, -1). Range: The behavior of the function will determine the range
of f/g(x). Given that both f(x) and g(x) are linear functions, f/g(x) will likewise be linear. All
real numbers make up a linear function's range. Range is therefore (−∞,∞).

Domain and Range of (fg)(x):

The domain has no restrictions since (fg)(x) is the multiplication of two linear functions. For
(fg)(x), all real numbers are its domain. Domain: (−∞,∞) The behavior of quadratic function
6x2 + 5x + 1 determines the range of (fg)(x). The range of this quadratic function will be all
real numbers because it has a leading coefficient of 6 (positive). Range: (−∞,∞).

Domain and Range of fog(x):

In order to determine the domain of fog(x), we must take into account the domain of g(x),
such that g(x) produces a valid input for f(x). The domain of g(x), being a linear function, is
all real numbers. Therefore, the domain of fog(x) is unrestricted. Domain: (−∞,∞)The
behavior of f(x) and the range of g(x) will determine the range of fog(x). The range of f(x),
being a linear function, is all real numbers. Range: (−∞,∞).

Domain and Range of gof(x):

Like fog(x), gof(x)'s domain will rely on f(x)'s domain in order for f(x) to produce a valid
input for g(x). The domain of f(x), being a linear function, is all real numbers. Domain:
(−∞,∞). The behavior of g(x) and the range of f(x) will determine the range of gof(x). The
range of g(x), being a linear function, is all real numbers. Range: (−∞,∞).

Task 2. In a cutting-edge greenhouse, an advanced climate digital control system is installed

based on a DC inverter that maintains the desired temperature in the green house. The
system's temperature control function is described by T(C) = sqrt((20C +15) / (15C + 16)),
where T represents the temperature inside the greenhouse in degrees Celsius, and C
represents the desired control setting on the climate control system of DC inverter.

Based on that information, please provide answers to the following questions:

(i) Using the concept of the inverse function, determine the control setting (C) as a function
of greenhouse temperature (T). Please outline all the steps clearly.

We must reverse the roles of T and C and solve for C in order to find the inverse function of
T(C) = sqrt((20C +15) / (15C + 16)), where T is the greenhouse's temperature in degrees
Celsius and C is the desired control setting on the DC inverter's climate control system.

As a result, let's write C(T), where C is a function of T, to represent the inverse function.

The given function:

T(C) = sqrt((20C +15) / (15C + 16))

First Step: Swap T and C

C(T) = sqrt((20T +15) / (15T + 16))

Second Step: We must solve this equation for C in order to determine the inverse function.
We'll isolate C in this way by reversing the operations that were performed on it.

Third Step: Square both sides to eliminate the square root

C(T)2 = (20T + 15) / (15T + 16)

Fourth Step: Cross multiply to remove the fraction

C(T)2(15T + 16) = 20T + 15

Fifth Step: Expand and rearrange the terms

15T * C(T)2 + 16 * C(T)2 = 20T + 15

Sixth Step: Rearrange the equation to separate T

15T * C(T)2 - 20T = 15 - 16 * C(T)2

Seventh Step: Factor out T from the left

T(15C(T)2 - 20) = 15 - 16 * C(T)2

Eighth Step: Divide 15C(T)2 - 20 by both sides

T = (15 - 16 * C(T)2) / (15C(T)2 – 20)

The inverse function of the initial function T(C) is now available to us as T as a function of
C.

Thus, The control setting C as a function of greenhouse temperature T is given by:

C(T) = (15 - 16*T2) / (15T2 - 20).

(ii) Discuss any practical limitations or considerations that may impact the functionality of
the inverse function within the context of the greenhouse climate control system.

Regarding the climate control system for greenhouses, the control setting, or desired
temperature setting, is represented by the inverse function C(T), which depends on the
temperature of the greenhouse T. Theoretically, the control setting and the greenhouse
temperature can be related by the mathematical inverse function, but its usefulness may be
affected by a number of practical limitations and factors:

Physical Restrictions: The inverse function is predicated on the direct and deterministic
relationship between the temperature in the greenhouse and the control setting. Yet, there
might be physical limitations in a real greenhouse setting, such as changes in the outside
weather, insulation, and heat transfer systems, which could have an impact on the actual
temperature seen inside the greenhouse. These differences might not always match up exactly
with the theoretical connection that the inverse function predicts (Stitz & Zeager, 2013).

Sensor Accuracy and Calibration: A key factor in determining how well the climate
control system works in the greenhouse is the accuracy and calibration of the temperature
sensors. The inverse function may not function as intended if there are errors or irregularities
in the sensor readings that result in differences between the desired temperature setting and
the actual temperature inside the greenhouse (Stitz & Zeager, 2013).

Reaction Time and System Dynamics: The DC inverter and temperature regulation
mechanisms in the greenhouse climate control system may display specific response times
and system dynamics. These dynamics, especially in systems with intricate feedback control
loops, can include oscillations, overshoots, and delays in temperature adjustment. These
kinds of dynamics can affect how useful the inverse function is in real-world scenarios,
particularly when exact control or quick temperature changes are needed (Stitz & Zeager,
2013).

Task 3. If f(x) = x^1/5 , here are some transformations x^1/5 + 6, x^1/5 - 6, (50x)^1/5,
(x/50)^1/5 of x^1/5

Please answer the following questions:

(i) Draw the graphs of f(x) = x^1/5, x^1/5 + 6, x^1/5 - 6, (50x)^1/5, (x/50)^1/5 of x^1/5.

1. Graph of f(x) = x^1/5

2. Graph of f(x) = x^1/5 + 6

3. Graph of f(x) = x^1/5 - 6

4. Graph of f(x) = (50x)^1/5

5. Graph of f(x) = (x/50)^1/5

(ii) Explain the above 4 transformations of x^1/5 graphically.

Graph of f(x) = x^1/5 + 6: This transformation shifts the graph of f(x) = x^1/5 vertically
upwards by 6 units. Graphically, this means that every point on the initial graph is moved 6
units up.

Graph of f(x) = x^1/5 - 6: This transformation shifts the graph of f(x) = x^1/5 vertically
downwards by 6 units. Graphically, this means that every point on the initial graph is moved
6 units down.

Graph of f(x) = (50x)^1/5: This transformation compresses the graph of f(x) = x^1/5
horizontally by a factor of 50. Graphically, this means that the graph is squeezed horizontally,
making it narrow.

Graph of f(x) = (x/50)^1/5: This transformation stretches the graph of f(x) = x^1/5
horizontally by a factor of 50. Graphically, this means that the graph is stretched horizontally,
making it wider. This happens because, for every x-value, we now evaluate the function at 50
times that x-value.

(iii) Write the observation on the domain and ranges of these 4 transformations of functions.

Graph of f(x) = x^1/5 + 6:

Domain: The domain of this function is all real numbers x≥0 since the fifth root function is
defined for non-negative real numbers.
Range: The range of this function is all real numbers y≥6 because adding 6 to the function
shifts the entire graph vertically upwards by 6 units.

Graph of f(x) = x^1/5 - 6:

Domain: Same as above, all real numbers x≥0.

Range: The range of this function is all real numbers y≤−6 because subtracting 6 from the
function shifts the entire graph vertically downwards by 6 units.

Graph of f(x) = (50x)^1/5:

Domain: The domain of this function is all real numbers x≥0 since the expression inside the
fifth root, 50x, must be non-negative.

Range: The range of this function is all real numbers y≥0 because the function cannot output
negative values. The compression doesn't affect the range; it just stretches the function
horizontally.

Graph of f(x) = (x/50)^1/5:

Domain: Same as above, all real numbers x≥0.

Range: Similar to the previous function, the range of this function is all real numbers y≥0
because the function cannot output negative values. The stretch doesn't affect the range; it
just compresses the function horizontally.

Task 4. Imagine Alex is examining a mechanical system and its displacement function. He
has come across with the displacement function as g(t) = 10t^3/(12t^2 + 53). Please assist
Alex in analyzing the nature of the function.

On the basis of the above scenario, answer the following questions:

(a) What do you know about even function? According to you, how can Alex determine
if the given displacement function, g(t) = 10t^3/(12t^2 + 53) displays an even function
mathematically?

When a function's value at −x is the same as its value at x for every x in the function's
domain, the function is said to be even. This can be expressed mathematically as f(−x) = f(x)
for all x in the function f's domain.

In order for Alex to mathematically ascertain whether the displacement function g(t) =
10t^3/(12t^2 + 53) is an even function, he must substitute -t into the function and observe
whether it simplifies the initial function g(t).

Initial function:

g(t) = 10t^3/(12t^2 + 53)

Substitute -t into the initial function:

g(-t) = 10(-t)^3/(12(-t)^2 + 53)

g(-t) = -10t^3/(12t^2 + 53)

The given function, g(t), is not even since g(−t) is not equal to g(t).

In order for Alex to ascertain whether the displacement function g(t) = 10t^3/(12t^2 +
53) is an even function, he must substitute −t into the function and see if it simplifies to
the initial function g(t). It is an even function if it does; if it does not, then it isn’t.

(b) Explain graphically in detail how the graph g(t) = 10t^3/(12t^2 + 53) possesses even
symmetry or odd symmetry or neither.

The function g(t) = 10t^3/(12t^2 + 53) can be graphically examined to see if it has even
symmetry or odd symmetry.

Graph g(t) = 10t^3/(12t^2 + 53)

Even Symmetry:

If the function had even symmetry, the graph would be symmetric about the y-axis. That is,
for any point (t,g(t)) on the graph, the point (−t,g(−t)) would also lie on the graph. However,
when we plot points (t,g(t)) and (−t,g(−t)), we can see that they do not reflect each other
across the y-axis. Thus, the function does not possess even symmetry (Stitz & Zeager, 2013).

Odd Symmetry:
If the function had odd symmetry, the graph would be symmetric about the origin. That is, for
any point (t,g(t)) on the graph, the point (−t,−g(−t)) would also lie on the graph. However,
when we plot points (t,g(t)) and (−t,−g(−t)), we can see that they do not reflect each other
across the origin. Thus, the function does not possess odd symmetry (Stitz & Zeager, 2013).

As a result, there is neither even symmetry nor odd symmetry visible on the graph of
g(t) = 10t^3/(12t^2 + 53). Rotational symmetry is absent around the origin, and the
graph appears differently on each side.

References:

Stitz, C., & Zeager, J. (2013). College algebra. Stitz Zeager Open Source
Mathematics. https://stitz-zeager.com/szca07042013.pdf